scholarly journals THE NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION IN ALFALFA HAY CUT AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH

1938 ◽  
Vol 16c (9) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Fractional Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Analyses were made of alfalfa hays cut at six different stages of growth during the course of one growing season. For the determination of the soluble forms of nitrogen encountered in this study, the method developed by Wasteneys and Borsook for the fractional analysis of incomplete protein hydrolysates was applied. This procedure ensured the securing of more definite information concerning the exact gradations of protein synthesis and breakdown than is obtained by the usual amino and amide nitrogen determinations.The data for total nitrogen show a relatively steady decrease with advancing maturity of the harvested material. Also, the second and third cuttings of hay exhibit a distinctly higher total nitrogen content than the first cutting.Total soluble nitrogen tends to exhibit considerable fluctuation throughout the growing period. Cuts made later in the season show a progressive decrease in the proportionate amounts of this fraction. Particularly striking is the finding that, in all cuttings, total soluble nitrogen tends to be present in very large amounts during the early part of flowering.Results obtained from the application of the method of Wasteneys and Borsook make possible the presentation of a relatively clearly defined pictur of protein synthesis and degradation throughout the growing period. These data further strengthen the assumption that the period between bud formation and the commencement of flowering represents a very critical stage in the life history of the plant.

Metabolism of Amino Acids in Plants. I. Changes in the Soluble Amino Acid Fractions of Bushbean Seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the Development of Transaminase Activity

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Forest ◽  
F. Wightman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Dark Conditions ◽  
Low Activity

The total nitrogen content of seedlings grown under light or dark conditions remained relatively constant during the first 2 weeks of growth, but there was considerable redistribution of nitrogen from cotyledons to the seedling tissues and appreciable changes occurred in the ratio between insoluble and soluble nitrogen in the different organs. Soluble nitrogen increased in etiolated seedlings to reach 55% of the total nitrogen at 14 days, while in light-grown seedlings the soluble nitrogen reached a peak on the 8th day and thereafter rapidly decreased to 25% of the total nitrogen by the end of 2 weeks. The quantitative composition of the soluble nitrogen fraction, with respect to free protein amino acids, was found to differ considerably, not only between seedlings at different stages of growth, but also between organs taken from seedlings at the same stage of growth under the two light conditions. Asparagine, serine, valine, alanine, and threonine were the amino acids that showed the greatest change in amounts in both types of seedlings. Of the six transaminases investigated, only aspartate, alanine, and asparagine aminotransferase systems showed high total activity. Valine aminotransferase had low activity, and the serine and threonine transaminases were not detected. Development of the different transaminase activities was quite similar in seedlings grown under light or dark conditions. No correlation was observed between the development of transaminase activities and the changes in concentrations of the corresponding free amino acids in these seedlings.

scholarly journals Protein fractions of intercropped pea and oat for ruminant nutrition

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Jordan Markovic ◽  
Milomer Blagojevic ◽  
Ivica Kostic ◽  
Tanja Vasic ◽  
Snezana Andjelkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
High Level ◽  
Forage Management

The quantification of the main crude protein (CP) fractions during the growing period of pea and oat mixtures may be used to optimize the forage management. The determination of protein fraction could improve balancing rations for ruminants. The first factor (A) is ratio of germinated seed in mixtures. The pea and oat were tested at two different mixture rates: A1 ? 50% pea + 50% oat and A2 ? 75% pea + 25% oat. The second factor (B) is a cutting time in three stages of growth: B1 ? a cutting of biomass at the start of flowering pea (10% of flowering), B2 ? a cutting of biomass at forming the first pods on 2/3 plants of pea, and B3 ? cutting of biomass at forming green seeds in 2/3 pods. Stage of growth and pea-oat ratio in mixtures are significantly related to the change in the quality and chemical composition of biomass. The highest level of crude protein was obtained in pea at flowering stage (184.85 g kg-1 dry matter (DM)). The high level of easily soluble protein and non-protein nitrogen compounds (over 50%) represent specific characteristics of the mixture. Unavailable fraction PC increased with plant maturation from 75.65 to 95.05 g kg-1 of CP.

State-by-State Use of AMA Guides

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-7, 16
Keyword(s):  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Abstract This article presents a history of the origins and development of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), from the publication of an article titled “A Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment of the Extremities and Back” (1958) until a compendium of thirteen guides was published in book form in 1971. The most recent, sixth edition, appeared in 2008. Over time, the AMA Guides has been widely used by US states for workers’ compensation and also by the Federal Employees Compensation Act, the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act, as well as by Canadian provinces and other jurisdictions around the world. In the United States, almost twenty states have developed some form of their own impairment rating system, but some have a narrow range and scope and advise evaluators to consult the AMA Guides for a final determination of permanent disability. An evaluator's impairment evaluation report should clearly document the rater's review of prior medical and treatment records, clinical evaluation, analysis of the findings, and a discussion of how the final impairment rating was calculated. The resulting report is the rating physician's expert testimony to help adjudicate the claim. A table shows the edition of the AMA Guides used in each state and the enabling statute/code, with comments.

Integrative Approach in Law Understanding: the History of the Origin of Ideas and the Current State

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
R. R. Palekha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fat Formulation

Introduction. Right understanding is the most live, interesting and, at the same time, the uncertain and changeable area of researches which takes the central place as in the general theory of the right, and gains the increasing value in industry jurisprudence that is connected with its considerable teoretiko-methodological and applied potential which is shown in spheres of lawmaking and law-enforcement activity. Thus, right understanding represents research tools of the subject of knowledge which allow to study all range legal and, the based on them, state phenomena for the purpose of obtaining reliable knowledge of state and legal reality. In this regard integrative approach in right understanding which has rich history of the formation and development is of special interest, allows to perceive the right as integrally complete phenomenon, as much as possible retrieves its regulatory abilities and, provides achievement of criteria of scientific research: comprehensiveness, objectivity, historicism. Materials and Methods. In article an attempt of the analysis of integrative approach in right understanding from a position of history of origin of his ideas and assessment of the current state is made. A result of studying of scientific literature, generalization and comparison of the different points of view fat formulation of author’s determination of category “right understanding” and submission of the evidence-based integrative theory of right understanding which as much as possible conforms to requirements of time and has essential regulatory and guarding potential. Results. In article the category right understanding is comprehensively considered, different integrative theories of right understanding from a position of their origin and development are submitted, the value of modern integrative approach in right understanding is shown, perspectives of its further development are evaluated. Discussion and Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion about the theoretical and methodological consistency and inevitability of the integrative approach in law understanding, which acts as a scientifically grounded type of legal thinking capable of comprehending the law on a truly scientific basis.

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