LARVAL AND ADULT STAGES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ANOMURA

1937 ◽  
Vol 15d (10) ◽  
pp. 179-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine F. L. Hart
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Close Affinity ◽  
Upogebia Pugettensis ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Similar Mode ◽  
Superficial Similarity

The external morphology of the adult stage of four species of Anomura (hermit crabs), Upogebia pugettensis (Dana), Paguristes turgidus (Stimpson), Pagurus beringanus (Benedict) and Orthopagurus schmitti (Stevens) is compared and the larval stages described. Emphasis is placed on the value of larval stages in clarifying our understanding of the taxonomy and interrelationships of the group. This study seems especially important in the Anomura because of the modifications of the adults which fit them for so specialized a mode of existence. It seems probable that some of the similarities exhibited by them are due more to convergence, as a result of similar mode of life, than to close affinity. This is illustrated by the superficial similarity of the adults of Paguristes turgidus and Pagurus beringanus and the dissimilarity of their larvae, as contrasted with apparent differences between the adult Pagurus beringanus and Orthopagurus schmitti, whose larvae are alike. By a comparison of the least modified appendages (the mouth parts) of the adults, the same relationship becomes apparent as was suggested by a study of the larvae. It is therefore concluded that by a comparison of both the larval and adult phases a clearer understanding of the affinities of the species under consideration is obtained.

Larval stages of the lake chub, Couesius plumbeus

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee A. Fuiman ◽  
Joan P. Baker
Keyword(s):  
External Morphology ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Rhinichthys Cataractae ◽  
Couesius Plumbeus

Three collections of Couesius plumbeus eggs were laboratory reared. Larvae were described with emphasis on external morphology. They were characterized by (1) 25 to 30 preanal myomeres, (2) a diagonal row of melanophores across the surface of the breast, and (3) a concentration of melanophores on the distal hypaxial portion of the caudal peduncle. Larval characteristics were compared with those of its breeding associate Rhinichthys cataractae and other sympatic cyprinids which have similarly high preanal myomere counts.

New Distribution Records of Reptant Decapod Crustacea, Including Descriptions of Three New Species of Pagurus, from the Waters Adjacent to British Columbia

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1527-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine F. L. Hart
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Decapod Crustacea ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Petrolisthes Cinctipes ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South ◽  
New Distribution

Three hermit crabs, Pagurus caurinus, P. quaylei, and P. stevensae, from British Columbia are described as new. Calastacus quinqueseriatus Rathbun, Paguristes ulreyi Schmitt, Pagurus cavimanus (Miers), P. samuelis (Stimpson), Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith, Munidopsis quadrata Faxon, and Chionoecetes tanneri Rathbun have not been recorded from the area between 48° and 55°N and 123° and 135°W, and also show considerable extensions of the known ranges. Within the confines of the same area, Callianassa gigas Dana, Paguristes turgidus (Stimpson), Pagurus cornutus (Benedict), P. hemphilli (Benedict), Orthopagurus minimus (Holmes), Petrolisthes cinctipes (Randall), Sceleroplax granulata Rathbun, Pinnotheres pugettensis Holmes, P. taylori Rathbun, and Planes marinus Rathbun are reported with extensions to known ranges. Pagurus capillatus (Benedict), P. tanneri (Benedict), Paralomis verrilli (Benedict), and Lithodes couesi Benedict are recorded, apparently for the first time from British Columbia, although known from both north and south of this area.

scholarly journals Transition from sea to land: olfactory function and constraints in the terrestrial hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1742) ◽  
pp. 3510-3519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Sara Krång ◽  
Markus Knaden ◽  
Kathrin Steck ◽  
Bill S. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Opposite Polarity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
Pagurus Bernhardus ◽  
Chemical Groups

The ability to identify chemical cues in the environment is essential to most animals. Apart from marine larval stages, anomuran land hermit crabs ( Coenobita ) have evolved different degrees of terrestriality, and thus represent an excellent opportunity to investigate adaptations of the olfactory system needed for a successful transition from aquatic to terrestrial life. Although superb processing capacities of the central olfactory system have been indicated in Coenobita and their olfactory system evidently is functional on land, virtually nothing was known about what type of odourants are detected. Here, we used electroantennogram (EAG) recordings in Coenobita clypeatus and established the olfactory response spectrum. Interestingly, different chemical groups elicited EAG responses of opposite polarity, which also appeared for Coenobita compressus and the closely related marine hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus. Furthermore, in a two-choice bioassay with C. clypeatus, we found that water vapour was critical for natural and synthetic odourants to induce attraction or repulsion. Strikingly, also the physiological response was found much greater at higher humidity in C. clypeatus , whereas no such effect appeared in the terrestrial vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster . In conclusion, our results reveal that the Coenobita olfactory system is restricted to a limited number of water-soluble odourants, and that high humidity is most critical for its function.

Pattern of Response of Intact Drosophila to Known Teratogens

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Schuler ◽  
M.A. Radike ◽  
B.D. Hardin ◽  
R.W. Niemeier
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Test System ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Teratogenic Potential ◽  
And Control

Drosophila, as the test organism, was used to assess 17 chemicals. The teratogenic potential of 15 of these chemicals is well established from animal studies or human epidemiology. The test involves examination of adult flies following treatment during larval stages of development. Flies are examined for abnormal external morphology. The incidence of abnormalities in treated and control populations is compared using the Chi-square test. All 17 chemicals were active to varying degrees in the test system. Most chemicals produced a unique response yielding individual patterns of abnormalities. These results suggest that Drosophila may have the potential to become a valuable teratogen screen, but further, more rigorous examination–particularly with nonteratogens–is required.

scholarly journals I.—Note on a Mounted Skeleton of Ophthalmosaurus icenicus, Seeley

1915 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Change ◽  
Terminal Portion ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Similar Mode ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High ◽  
American Form

One of the most important additions recently made to the Gallery of Fossil Reptilia at the Natural History Museum, is a mounted skeleton of the highly specialized Ichthyosaur known as Ophthalmosaurus icenicus, Seeley. This reptile presents many. peculiarities, for the most part indicating a very high degree of adaptation for life in the open sea and for rapid movement through the water, probably sometimes at considerable depths. In fact, Ophthalmosaurus may be regarded as representing among the Reptilia the swiftly swimming toothed-whales among the Mammalia, and it is interesting to note that the similar mode of life in the two cases has produced in some respects similar modifications. Thus the front paddles are enlarged, the hind ones reduced; in whales the latter have disappeared altogether. Again, there was a large caudal fin, vertical in this case, and the head was elongated, the snout sharp, and the neck so short as to be practically non-existent. The enlargement of the fore-paddles is brought about by the presence of a very large pisiform bone, which together with the radius and ulna articulates with the humerus, thus forming a very broad base for the expanded terminal portion of the paddle. Another striking peculiarity is the great reduction of the dentition, the teeth in the adult being very small and confined to the front of the jaws. Baptanodon, an American form very closely allied to, if not identical with, Ophthalmosaurus, was for a long time regarded as toothless. This reduced dentition, so unlike what is usually found in members of the group, must indicate some considerable change in the nature of the food, but what this was is unknown.

Revision of the genus Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) in North and Central America

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2360 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. BAUMGARDNER ◽  
W. P. MCCAFFERTY
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Central American ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Taxonomic Key ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Central American Species

Changes to the taxonomy of North and Central America Leptohyphes (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) include the following. Leptohyphes ferruginus and L. apache are revalidated. The adult stage of L. ferruginus is diagnosed based upon subimagos and a reared female adult and a partially emerged male adult. Leptohyphes piraticus is placed as a junior synonym of L. ferruginus. Leptohyphes vulturnus and L. zelus are shown to be junior synonyms of L. zalope. Leptohyphes hispidus, L. lumas, L. spiculatus, and L. succinus are placed as junior synonyms of L. apache. Leptohyphes castaneus, L. tarsos, and L. consortis are placed as junior synonyms of L. sabinas. Leptohyphes brunneus is placed as a junior synonym of L. musseri. Leptohyphes lestes is newly reported from the USA. Numerous problems and errors asssociated with original descriptions of Leptohyphes species are discussed. A taxonomic key is presented to all known larval stages of North and Central American species of Leptohyphes.

I.—Notes on the Pycnodont Fishes

1917 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Smith Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Similar Mode ◽  
Small Mouth

The Pycnodonts were the coral fishes of Mesozoic seas, with a deepened body, produced face, and a small mouth having grasping and grinding teeth, capable of obtaining their hard-shelled food from hollows and crannies. They are evidently not to be regarded as closely allied to any of the typical coral fishes of Tertiary and existing seas, which are spiny-finned teleosteans. They are merely Lepidotus-like and Dapedius-like forms with adaptations to a similar mode of life. The study of their skeleton is therefore of great interest.

Biology, morphology and anatomy of aphidophagous syrphid larvae

Parasitology ◽  
1939 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madan Lal Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Syrphid Larvae

The paper deals with the biology, morphology and anatomy of seven species of syrphid larvae viz. Syrphus luniger Meig., S. balteatus De Greer, S. ribesii Linne, Catabomba pyrastri Linne, Sphaerophoria flavicauda Zett., Sph. scripta Linne, and Platychirus scutatus Meig.The habitat, mode of progression, aphidophagous habits and characteristic coloration are described for each species.It is shown that the larvae of all the above species, like larvae of other cyclorrhaphous Diptera, definitely pass through three stages separated by two moults. The mode of dehiscence of the puparium is described briefly.Each of the species, except Catabomba pyrastri, has three generations in the breeding season which lasts from May to October. Platychirus scutatus hibernates only in the larval stage, but the other species may be found in both the larval and pupal stages during the winter.The larvae of all the above species, except Syrphus balteatus, are commonly parasitized by ichneumonid larvae.The morphology of the egg, the three larval stages and the puparium of S. luniger is described in detail.The characters common to the third stage larvae of all the species dealt with are summarized and short descriptions of the third stage larvae and puparia of the individual species are given. The general appearance of the living larvae and details of the buccopharyngeal armature, spiracles and puparia of each of the species is represented in figures.In connexion with the pupae a number of new structures are described and it is suggested that some of them are concerned with the formation of the characteristic shape of the puparium and with the dehiscence of the puparium.Internal pupal spiracles are present in all the species dealt with, but external pupal spiracles are present only in Platychirus scutatus.The anatomy of P. scutatus is described and figured, an account being given of all the structures except the musculature of the body wall. Study of the anatomy affords evidence as to the carnivorous mode of life of the larvae and also indicates that the larvae have evolved from aquatic forms.The comparative morphology of the Syrphinae is discussed with respect to the relationship of the Syrphinae to other Aschiza and to the cyclorrhaphous Diptera.

Early Stages of Some Copepods (Crustacea) Parasitic on Marine Fishes of British Columbia

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2507-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kabata
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Nauplius Stage

Detailed descriptions and illustrations are presented of the nauplii (the only, or the first nauplius stage) of Bomolochus cuneatus, Holobomolochus spinulus, Chondracanthus gracilis, Ergasilus turgidus, Eudactylina similis, Pseudocharopinus dentatus, and Haemobaphes diceraus, and the copepodid stages of H. diceraus, P. dentatus, and Nectobrachia indivisa.The naupliar morphology of Ergasilus is similar to that of free-living Cyclopidae but differs in significant details from that of supposedly related Bomolochus. The nauplii of poecilostome and siphonostome copepods are similar. The morphology of the free-living larval stages might offer valuable clues to intrafamilial relationships of Lemaeopodidae. Differences were observed between copepodids of two species of Haemobaphes.

DNA-based identification of South Korean Megaloptera larvae with taxonomic notes

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Woo Jung ◽  
Tatyana S. Vshivkova ◽  
Yeon Jae Bae
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Mtdna Sequences ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
South Korean

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, which serve as DNA barcodes, have been used to associate immature and adult stages of insects and to delineate species. The partial mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences for South Korean Megaloptera (all known in the adult stage) were tested to identify undetermined larvae as a rapid and effective method from 31 specimens (16 adults and 15 larvae). The COI gene sequences distinguished all six known Megaloptera species, with a low genetic distance between larvae and adults (0.50±0.21%). Based on the COI gene sequences, we associated five types of larvae with known adults including the following four species of newly described larval stages:Sialis annaeVshivkova, 1979 (Megaloptera: Sialidae);Neochauliodes formosanus(Okamoto, 1910) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae);Parachauliodes asahinaiLiuet al., 2008 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae); andProtohermes xanthodesNavás, 1913 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). The known larval stage ofSialis koreanaJung and Bae, 2012 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) was confirmed, and the morphological variation in the male genitalia ofSialis longidensKlingstedt, 1932 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) is discussed. A larval key to the six South Korean species of Megaloptera is provided.

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