VITAMIN A REQUIREMENTS OF GROWING CHICKS: I. PRELIMINARY STUDIES WITH "REFERENCE" COD LIVER OIL

1936 ◽  
Vol 14d (3) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Biely ◽  
William Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Normal Rate ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Basal Ration

In experiments conducted to determine the requirements of chicks for vitamin A up to eight weeks of age, vitamin A was supplied, in addition to the basal ration, by oral administration of Reference Cod Liver Oil at the rate of 25, 50, 75 and 100 International units per day. It was found that chicks receiving 75 units of vitamin A per day grew at a normal rate and did not show any signs of vitamin A deficiency. The chicks that received the basal ration only, showed symptoms of avitaminosis A at three weeks of age, while the group receiving 25 international units per day at eight weeks clearly had not received a sufficient supply of the growth factor.

scholarly journals Increased Nerve Growth Factor by Zinc Supplementation with Concurrent Vitamin A Deficiency Does Not Improve Memory Performance in Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorayya KHEIRVARI ◽  
Kayoko UEZU ◽  
Tohru SAKAI ◽  
Masayo NAKAMORI ◽  
Mohammad ALIZADEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Nerve Growth

Nutrition

1934 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-71
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Scientific Agriculture ◽  
Central Experimental Farm ◽  
Standard Ration ◽  
Mercury Vapor Lamp ◽  
Basal Ration

Vitamin A and D studies with growing chicks. H. S. Gutteridge, Scientific Agriculture, 13, 1933, p. 374.In this study at the Central Experimental Farm, Canada, six lots of chicks were fed to determine the efficiency of cod-liver oil and pilchard oil in the production of normal bones and in the prevention of rickets. A basal ration free of vitamin A was fed in five lots, to which the oils were added at either 1 or 2 percent levels. The sixth lot received a standard ration containing 1 percent of cod-liver oil. All lots were irradiated for 10 minutes daily with a mercury vapor lamp except the lot receiving the basal ration only, which received 20 minutes' irradiation.

Pig-feeding experiments with cod-liver oil

1939 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Foot ◽  
K. M. Henry ◽  
S. K. Kon ◽  
J. Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Practical Advantage ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Six litters of pigs farrowed, reared and fattened on a ration of barley meal, weatings, soya-bean meal, meat meal and minerals failed to thrive and in the later stages of fattening many of the pigs showed typical symptoms of vitamin A deficiency.Six comparable litters raised under similar conditions and on the same meal mixture with ° 1 or 2% of a commercial cod-liver oil of guaranteed purity and standardized vitamin content made good progress and nearly all the pigs weaned in these litters were fattened for pork or bacon.Estimations of liver reserves of vitamin A of the pigs receiving no cod-liver oil indicated that the liver store was exhausted soon after weaning. All pigs receiving cod-liver oil gradually increased their liver store of vitamin A. The stores rose approximately in proportion to the level fed and period of feeding. There was no evidence that the higher levels of cod-liver oil had any practical advantage over °%.The symptoms shown by the pigs receiving no cod-liver oil included loss of appetite, cessation of growth, impairment of vision in daylight, abnormal gait, convulsive fits and nervous collapse. Pneumonia and/or inflammation of the intestines was found in all of seven pigs that died during the fattening period.

Effects of vitamin A deficiency on growth hormone secretion and circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration in Japanese Black steers

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oka ◽  
F. Iwaki ◽  
T. Dohgo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Concentration Peak

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of vitamin A (retinol) on growth hormone (GH) secretion and circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration in Japanese Black steers. Thirteen 10-month-old Japanese Black steers were divided into two groups: high vitamin A (H) group and low vitamin A (L) group. The animals in the H group were injected with 20 ml retinol palmitate (303 mg as retinol) intramuscularly every month throughout the experimental period. The steers in the L group were injected with vitamin A similarly at the age of 10 to 14 months. All steers were given vitamin A with the food (approx. 100 μg as retinol per kg diet) at the age of 21 to 30 months to prevent clinical vitamin A deficiency. Blood samples for analyses of vitamin A and IGF-1 were collected every 2 months. Series of blood samples for analyses of GH were collected at 15-min intervals over a 6-h period from each animal at the age of 10, 20, and 30 months. Although there was no difference in food intake between the two groups (P > 0·05), the average daily gain of the H group was greater (P < 0·001) than that of the L group. The carcass weight and subcutaneous fat thickness of the H group were significantly greater (P < 0·05) than those of the L group. The longissimus muscle area (P < 0·01) and marbling score (P < 0·001) of the L group were significantly greater than those of the H group. The serum retinol concentrations of the L group were significantly lower (P < 0·01) than those of the H group from the age of 16 months. The serum IGF-1 concentrations of the L group gradually decreased and were significantly lower (P < 0·01) than those of the H group from the age of 18 months. The overall mean concentration, peak height, area under the curve, and nadir of GH in both groups decreased with age. However, there were no significant differences (P > 0·05) in overall mean GH concentration, peak number, peak height, area under the curve, or nadir between the two groups. These results indicate that vitamin A affects the IGF-1 levels, with little or no intermediary effect on GH.

Nutrition

1938 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 176-209
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Shark Liver Oil ◽  
Good Grade ◽  
Basal Ration

Shark liver Oil new source of Vitamin A for Poultry. L. L. Rusoff and N. R. Mehrhof. Gainesville, Florida Poultry Tribune, September, 1938.Several lots of chicks were used in the experiments. One lot was fed a basal ration deficient in vitamin A. Other lots were given rations rations containing varying amounts of shark liver oil. Another lot was given a ration containing a good grade of commercial cod liver oil concentrates having at least 3,000 units of vitamin A per gramme.

Quantification of Vitamin A in Fortified Rapeseed, Groundnut and Soya Oils Using a Simple Portable Device: Comparison to High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Renaud ◽  
Jacques Berger ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Sylvie Avallone
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Assay Precision

Vitamin A deficiency is still one of the major public health problems in least developed countries. Fortification of vegetable oils is a strategy implemented worldwide to prevent this deficiency. For a fortification program to be effective, regular monitoring is necessary to control food quality in the producing units. The reference methods for vitamin A quantification are expensive and time-consuming. A rapid method should be useful for regular assessment of vitamin A in the oil industry. A portable device was compared to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for three plant oils (rapeseed, groundnut, and soya). The device presented a good linearity from 3 to 30 mg retinol equivalents per kg (mg RE.kg- 1). Its limits of detection and quantification were 3 mg RE.kg- 1 for groundnut and rapeseed oils and 4 mg RE.kg- 1 for soya oil. The intra-assay precision ranged from 1.48 % to 3.98 %, considered satisfactory. Accuracy estimated by the root mean squares error ranged from 3.99 to 5.49 and revealed a lower precision than HPLC (0.4 to 2.25). Although it offers less precision than HPLC, the device estimates quickly the vitamin A content of the tested oils from 3 or 4 to 15 mg RE.kg- 1.

Research Recommendations for Applying Vitamin A-Labelled Isotope Dilution Techniques to Improve Human Vitamin A Nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo ◽  
Anura V. Kurpad ◽  
Janet R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Total Body

The current use of serum retinol concentrations as a measurement of subclinical vitamin A deficiency is unsatisfactory for many reasons. The best technique available for vitamin A status assessment in humans is the measurement of total body pool size. Pool size is measured by the administration of retinol labelled with stable isotopes of carbon or hydrogen that are safe for human subjects, with subsequent measurement of the dilution of the labelled retinol within the body pool. However, the isotope techniques are time-consuming, technically challenging, and relatively expensive. There is also a need to assess different types of tracers and doses, and to establish clear guidelines for the use and interpretation of this method in different populations. Field-friendly improvements are desirable to encourage the application of this technique in developing countries where the need is greatest for monitoring the risk of vitamin A deficiency, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the potential of hypervitaminosis due to combined supplement and fortification programs. These techniques should be applied to validate other less technical methods of assessing vitamin A deficiency. Another area of public health relevance for this technique is to understand the bioconversion of β-carotene to vitamin A, and its relation to existing vitamin A status, for future dietary diversification programs.

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