INHERITANCE STUDIES OF SEVERAL QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN SPRING WHEAT CROSSES BETWEEN VARIETIES RELATIVELY SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT TO DROUGHT

1936 ◽  
Vol 14c (10) ◽  
pp. 368-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Torrie
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Made In

Genetic studies were made in the F2 and F3 generations of the crosses, Selection I-28-60 × Milturum, Reward × Caesium, and Caesium × Marquis. It was found that the character glume color was controlled by either one or two factor pairs in the cross Selection I-28-60 × Milturum, and by two factor pairs in the crosses Reward × Caesium and Caesium × Marquis. The characters, awning, straw color, glume pubescence and spike regularity were each governed by one factor pair, while three factor pairs were operative in the inheritance of seed color.Polymeric factors apparently control the inheritance of the quantitative characters straw strength, plant height, earliness and grain yield. A partial dominance of strong straw and earliness was found in the crosses Reward × Caesium and Caesium × Marquis. Tallness and low grain yield were partially dominant in the cross Reward × Caesium. Evidence for transgressive segregation of earliness was obtained in the cross between Caesium and Marquis.The characters glume color, awning, straw color, glume pubescence and spike regularity were inherited independently. White straw color and earliness were definitely associated in the crosses Reward × Caesium and Caesium × Marquis. The characters straw color and plant height were loosely linked in the Caesium × Marquis cross. Grain yield was not significantly correlated with straw strength, plant height or earliness in the cross between Reward and Caesium. Small but significant relationships were found among the characters straw strength, plant height and earliness in the crosses Reward × Caesium and Caesium × Marquis. The relation between heading and maturity was studied only in the F4 of Reward × Caesium, in which case a strong positive correlation was obtained.

Genetic Studies of Two Crosses of Brassica Campestris L.

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Joarder ◽  
A. M. Eunus
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Heading Time ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
High Dominance

SUMMARYHeritability of four quantitative characters in two crosses of Brassica campestris L. was found to be high. Dominance was detected only for plant height at heading time in both the crosses, and for sowing-to-heading period in Toria-TP × Toria-7. Transgressive segregation was expected in the segregating progenies for all the characters. Epistasis was complementary in all characters except in plant height at ripening time, where it was of the duplicate type. Additive × dominance type of epistasis was most significant and was present in most of the characters. Genes for most of the characters were linked with a major gene for seed colour (Rr). Yield was genetically correlated with the four quantitative characters studied.

scholarly journals Genetic Evaluation and Correlation Analysis Among Various Quantitative Traits in Maize Single-Cross Hybrids Under Diverse Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Fortunate Makore ◽  
Cosmos Magorokosho ◽  
Shorai Dari ◽  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Upenyu Mazarura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Positive Direct

Genetic variation abundance, high genetic advance coupled with high heritability estimates presents the most suitable condition for selection. Ninety-five hybrids generated from elite and new inbred lines crossed using half diallel mating design were evaluated under diverse environments. The objectives were to estimate genetic variances, heritability of traits and genetic advance and to determine correlations of grain yield and its component characters in maize hybrids. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all traits studied except for ear rots. Estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation were slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits suggesting low influence of environment in the expression of these traits. High heritability and genetic estimates were recorded for grain yield (79%; 30.27%), plant height (85%; 102.42%) and ear height (86%; 117.15%) whilst high heritability and low genetic advance were observed for anthesis date (87%; 5.8%), texture (75%; 8%) and ear position (71%; 0.23%). Correlation between environments using grain yield data revealed existence of a very strong positive correlation between CIMMYT2 and RARS2 suggesting that the sites have the same discriminating effect. Correlation among traits revealed that grain yield had significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation with plant height and ear height. Similarly, plant height had significant and positive correlation with ear height while ear position was positively correlated to ear height. Path analysis showed that plant height, ears per plant and ear position had positive direct effects on grain, while anthesis date, ear height, ear position, grain moisture content at harvest and texture indirectly influenced grain yield. These characters’ contribution to grain yield is important and the strong association with grain yield implied that these can be used as secondary traits to indirectly select for grain yield performance in this set of germplasm across all the environments.

PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM CROSSES OF SUBSTITUTION LINES OF COMMON WHEAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-821
Author(s):  
Sadeque U. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Quantitative Characters

The recipient variety 'Chinese Spring', chromosome substitution lines 1B of Timstein' and 4A of 'Thatcher', and donor varieties Timstein and Thatcher were studied with respect to six quantitative characters, viz. earliness, plant height, tiller number per plant, kernel number per spike, 1000-kernel weight and total grain yield per plant. Heterosis was observed for all characters; however, the degree and direction of heterosis varied for different characters and for different hybrid populations. Evidence for significant improvement in kernel weight and total grain yield per plant combined with early heading and short plant height were obtained. Evidence was obtained indicating that substitution lines may be effective breeding materials in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic variability study in F2 population of tetraploid dicoccum wheat crosses

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 773-778
Author(s):  
Channappagouda Patil ◽  
Deepak Koujalagi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
The Cross ◽  
High Degree

The aim of the present investigation was to estimate the genetic variability parameters in Wheat (Triticum dicoccum) F2 population of the cross DDK1025 X ML-1. The traits involved in study were grain yield, threshability, rachis percent and other yield contributing traits such as tiller number, number of grains per spike, number of spikelet’s per spike, etc. and the genetic variability parameters estimated are mean, range, Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability and genetic advance over mean. The results obtained from the study reveals higher mean and wider range for all the traits especially for plant height, tiller number, spikelets per spike, number of grains per spikelet, spike length, grain yield per plant, threshability and rachis. High degree of PCV with moderate GCV was observed for the traits like number of tiller per plant (20.96 PCV and 15.96 GCV), number of grains per spike (21.92 PCV and 18.79 GCV), rachis % (22.5 PCV and 19.10 GCV) and grain yield per plant (20.07 PCV and 18.10) . Heritability and genetic advance was recorded to high for all the traits in both the populations. On the basis of an overall consideration of the genetic variability parameters it may be concluded that F2 population of the cross, DDK-1025 x ML-1 have the potential source for improving the yield and its associated traits and also offering some scope in altering the plant height.

scholarly journals Comparative Genetic Effect of Dwarfing Genes on Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
MA Jahan ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
M Khalekuzzaman ◽  
MM Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Dwarfing Genes

Norin 10 based dwarfing genes (Rht1 and Rht2) have been widely exploited for increasing the grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by improving partitioning of assimilates to grain. Eight semi-dwarf wheat genotypes having either Rht1 or Rht2 dwarfing genes were compared with a tall control named, Kheri (rht) having no dwarfing genes were evaluated at Rajshahi University, Bangladesh for yield and yield contributing traits. Significant differences in grain yield and yield components were observed in genotypes under study showing the effects of dwarfing genes. Genotype Seri 82 (Rht1) and Kanchan (Rht2) had medium plant height of 75.73 and 72.22 cm respectively, highest number of tillers/plant (7.33 and 7.67), highest number of spikes/plant (6.33 and 6.67) resulted the highest grain yield per plant. Because the dwarfing genes not only provide lodging tolerance but also perhaps pleiotropically affected high yield by allowing more tillers to survive. Number of tillers/plant and number of spikes/plant showed very strong positive correlation with grain yield per plant in all the genotypes. Kheri (rht) with highest plant height (95.17cm) reduced number of tillers/plant (4.00) and spikes/plant (3.67) had the lowest grain yield per plant (3.85g). Aghrani possessed significantly the highest number of grains/spike with medium grain yield/plant (5.94g). The degree of relationship varied from genotype to genotype.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18075 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 49 - 55, 2007

scholarly journals Inheritance of Some Agronomic Characters and Rusts Resistance in Fifteen F2 Wheat Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
M.A.H. Darwish ◽  
W.Z.E Farhat ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Different Genetic Background

Abstract Six parents, i.e. Gemmeiza 9, Sids 12, Misr 1, Misr 2, Sids 1 and Sham 4, were used and evaluated with corresponding 15 F2 crosses. The parents in each cross were significantly different for most of these characters, revealing the different genetic background of the parents involved. The phenotypic variances in the F2 crosses were differed significantly from the environmental variances in the corresponding parents in most cases. The parents Gemmeiza 9, Sids 12, Misr 1, Misr 2 were resistant for leaf rust and Gemmeiza 9, Sids 12 and Sids 1 were resistant to stem rust. Among the crosses, three crosses, i.e. Misr 2 x Sids 1, Misr 1 x Sids 1 and Gemmeiza 9 x Sids 1 gave the highest grain yield. The means of F2 hybrids were higher than the means of the parents for most studied characters. The ranges of the F2 values went out the ranges of the two parents in most cases, exhibiting transgressive segregation. Most characters showed moderate to high values of broad sense heritabilities. The studied plants in the F2 ‘s crosses segregated and gave ratios fitted the ratios 9:7, 9:7, 3:1, 1:3, 13:3 and 3:13 for leaf rust and 9:7, 7: 9, 3:1, 1:3, 3:13 and 1:15 for stem rust with insignificant χ2 values, indicating that the resistant parents for leaf and stem rusts had one or two genes and were complimentary dominance, recessive or independent in their expressions. Based on the resistance to leaf and stem rusts, suitable plant height (90-110 cm) and grain yield higher than the highest parent, 8-17 plants were selected from seven crosses.

scholarly journals Combining yield, earliness and plant height in a single genotype: a proposal for breeding in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Larissa Pereira Ribeiro ◽  
Flávio Dessaune Tardin ◽  
Cícero Beserra de Menezes ◽  
Aisy Botega Baldoni ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
The Cross

Grain sorghum production has expanded during the off-season when rainfall oscillates and becomes insufficient. Aiming to obtain better adapted cultivars, breeding programs have sought new combinations of hybrids with earliness, high grain yield, and ideal plant height for harvesting. This study aimed to estimate de combining ability of grain sorghum lines, proposing a breeding strategy, to identify hybrids gathering high yield, earliness, and desired plant height. Thirty-six hybrids from crosses of 12 lines were evaluated at two sites in the Brazilian region known as Cerrado biome. The evaluated traits were: days to flowering, plant height, and grain yield. For the diallel analysis, Method 4 of Griffing adapted to partial diallel was adopted. By combining ability analysis, we identified promising lines to be used as parents to obtain more yielding, early, and ideal height hybrids. The findings allowed us to propose a breeding strategy, in which complex crosses should be performed to gather favorable alleles in new restorer and male-sterile lines. The hybrids 7, 9, 19, and 22 are the most suitable for growing in the evaluated sites. Highlights: Combining ability analysis allows the identification of promising parents to be used in grain sorghum breeding program. Favorable alleles for each trait are contained in different parents, which makes gene pyramiding a necessary strategy to simultaneously gathering earliness, plant height suitable for harvesting, and high yield in a single hybrid. To improve the R lines, the cross between M2 (good donor for shorter height) x M5 (good donor for earliness) should be performed, and the hybrid resulting from M2xM5 can be crossed with the M4 line (good donor for high grain yield). The hybrid generated by the cross F1-B x F4-B (high earliness) should be crossed with the hybrid derived from F6-B x F5-B (shorter height), and the hybrid resulting should be crossed with the hybrid generated by F2-B x F3-B (high grain yield).

Genetic studies for yield and nutritional traits in unpolished rice RILs of MTU1010 x BR2655

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramya Rathod ◽  
K. Suman ◽  
P. Madhu Babu ◽  
C. N. Neeraja ◽  
K. B. Eswari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

A study was carried out to access the genetic variability in a set of 190 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of rice derived from MTU1010 and BR2655. Plant height and number of productive tillers per plant recorded high PCV and GCV during kharif 2016, whereas number of filled grains per panicle, grain yield per plant, grain zinc concentration and grain iron concentration during rabi 2016-17.The estimates of PCV were slightly higher than the corresponding GCV estimates for all the traits studied indicating that the characters were least influenced by the environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was noticed for traits like plant height, number of productive tillers, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, grain iron concentration and grain zinc concentration respectively during kharif 2016 and rabi 2016-17 indicating that traits are under additive genetic control, simple selection would likely be effective for further improvement of these traits in desirable direction. RILs J16, J144 and J146 have shown higher grain yield per plant with high iron and zinc concentrations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Elite Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits under Irrigated Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Ramji Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Bishnu Raj Ojha ◽  
Dhruba Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Raju Kharel ◽  
Ankit Ojha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Thirty International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) elite lines and Nepalese commercial wheat varieties were grown at Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan in Alpha-lattice design to identify high yielding genotypes, yield attributing parameters and correlations between them. Observations were taken for different morpho-physiological and yield attributing traits i.e., days to booting, heading, anthesis, maturity, flag leaf senescence, flag leaf duration, grain filling duration, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, thousand kernel weight, hectoliter weight, grain yield and biomass yield. Significant genotypic differences were observed for all the traits studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. The mean grain yield was 2148 kg/ha and it ranged from 1000 to 3425 kg/ha. BLOUK#1/4/WHEAR/KUKUNA/3/C80.1/3*BATAVIA//2*WBLL1/5/MUNAL #1 (35th ESWYT138) was the highest grain yielding genotype among all followed by CHIBIA//PRLII/CM65531/3/FISCAL/4/DANPHE#1/5/CHIBIA//PRLII/CM65531/3/SKAUZ/BAV92 (ESWYT 141), Gautam, Vijay and CHYAK1*2/3/HUW234+LR34/PRINIA//PFAU/WEAVER (ESWYT129). Grain yield had significant strong positive correlation with grain filling duration (0.685**), plant height (0.606**), thousand kernel weight (0.675**), biomass yield (0.892**) and hectoliter weight (0.586**). Four clusters were formed by cluster analysis and genotypes were grouped in a particular cluster on the basis of similarity of morpho-physiological traits. So, these genotypes may be exploited for their direct release or as parents in hybridization programmes to develop high yielding wheat varieties.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 194-202

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