THE PROPERTIES OF SALT-CLAY ROAD-SURFACING MIXTURES

1936 ◽  
Vol 14b (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
A. F. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Main Effect

This paper describes experiments designed to throw light on the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect that had been observed in field trials of salt treatment of clay road surfaces. Data are presented which show that no chemical reactions are involved, and that physical-chemical effects are of negligible importance. The results indicate that the main effect of salt additions to the clay is a greatly decreased rate of drying, together with, under ideal conditions, complete elimination of drying shrinkage.

scholarly journals Physical-chemical effects of irrigation with treated wastewater on Dusky Red Latosol soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Grandizoli Mendonça ◽  
Vanessa Ribeiro Urbano ◽  
Reinaldo Gaspar Bastos ◽  
Claudinei Fonseca Souza
Keyword(s):  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Red Latosol

Impact of EGR on the surface functional groups of diesel engine particles based on NEXAFS

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (62) ◽  
pp. 57363-57370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhao ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
G. J. Xu ◽  
M. D. Li
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Thermal Dilution

The thermal, dilution and chemical effects of EGR result in relatively significant changes in the formation environment, in the physical and chemical reactions of particles and in the functional groups of the matter that constitutes the particles.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF SEAWATER ON THE DURABILITY OF HYDROTECHNICAL (CONCRETE) STRUCTURES IN THE PORT OF KLAIPEDA / JŪROS VANDENS POVEIKIS KLAIPĖDOS UOSTO HIDROTECHNINIŲ STATINIŲ (BETONO) ILGAAMŽIŠKUMUI

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Ramunė Lebedeva ◽  
Gintautas Skripkiūnas ◽  
Larisa Vasiljeva
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Durability Index ◽  
The Impact

Seawater has a significant impact on hydrotechnical concrete structures in the Port of Klaipeda. This factor must be properly examined and evaluated designing reinforced concrete structures exploited in seawater. The basic aim of research is to assess the effects of seawater on concrete and to form an algorithm for studying the durability of hydrotechnical structures affected by seawater. The conducted investigation showed the impact of seawater on hydraulic engineering (concrete) structures. Serious defects are caused by corrosion in hydrotechnical concrete. The key factors indicating the durability index of hydrotechnical concrete include damage to the concrete due to environmental, mechanical and physical-chemical effects. Physical-chemical environmental effects occur due to changes in temperature, the speed of the wind and fluctuations in the sea-level. Multiple environmental impacts can simultaneously affect hydrotechnical concrete. Mechanical external effects occur due to constant stevedoring works and vessels moored at the Port of Klaipeda. Santrauka Klaipėdos uosto hidrotechniniams statiniams jūros vanduo daro didelį poveikį. Šis veiksnys turi būti ištirtas ir vertinamas projektuojant gelžbetonines konstrukcijas, eksploatuojamas jūros vandenyje. Darbo tikslas –įvertinti jūros vandens poveikį betonui bei sudaryti paveiktų jūros vandens hidrotechninių konstrukcijų ilgaamžiškumo tyrimų algoritmą. Tyrimų metu atlikta jūros vandens poveikio hidrotechniniams (betono) statiniams analizė. Klaipėdos uosto krantines veikia agresyvioji aplinka. Didelius defektus sukelia hidrotechninio betono korozijos. Hidrotechninio betono pažeidimai nuo aplinkos ir mechaninių, fizikinių ir cheminių poveikių yra pagrindinis veiksnys, darantis įtaką hidrotechninio betono ilgaamžiškumo rodikliui. Fizikiniai ir cheminiai aplinkos poveikiai atsiranda dėl temperatūrų kaitos, vėjo greičio, jūros vandens lygio svyravimų. Hidrotechninį betoną vienu metu gali veikti keli aplinkos poveikiai. Mechaniniai išoriniai poveikiai atsiranda dėl nuolat Klaipėdos uoste vykstančių krovos darbų, prišvartuotų laivų.

The influence of nutritional level in early pregnancy of the ewe

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Coop ◽  
V. R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Sound Policy ◽  
Time Restriction

SummaryA series of three large-scale field trials, involving 3500 ewes over a 3-year-period, was conducted to study the effect of restricted nutrition of breeding ewes in early pregnancy. Control or non-restricted ewes were fed at approximately maintenance level and restricted ewes at approximately half-maintenance. The majority of ewes fell into two categories—those 2–3 weeks pregnant at the time restriction was commenced and those 5–7 weeks pregnant. Restriction was applied for from 5 to 8 weeks, live-weight differences of approximately 10 1b were achieved.Differences in performance in individual trials were invariably very small, and nonsignificant. The main effect of restricted nutrition over all trials was to decrease twinning by 0·5% and decrease the number of barren ewes by 0·8%. These differences are considered to be negligible. Only one statistically significant effect was observed within one of the trials—this was a depression in twinning in ewes 18–24 days pregnant at the time of applying the treatment, but this effect could not be confirmed in the other two trials. However, the fleece grown was affected by treatment—the fleece weight being depressed by approximately ½ lb, and grade reduced slightly.It is concluded that restricted nutrition at the level and time applied has no effect on reproductive performances of ewes and therefore the practice of restriction in early pregnancy to conserve feed for late pregnancy is a sound policy.

Utilization of glucose by the hypothermic rat

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine J. Fuhrman ◽  
Frederick A. Fuhrman
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Endogenous Glucose ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Fasted Rats

Hyperglycemia of several hours duration was shown to occur in fasted rats given a small glucose load at a body temperature of 18 C. To eliminate the possibility that continued formation of glucose from glycogen produced the hyperglycemia, carbohydrate balance studies were made. The glycogen in the livers of cooled rats was the same with and without a glucose load, indicating a failure in ability to store glycogen. After injection of C14-labeled glucose into hypothermic rats, the specific activity of glucose in the plasma remained constant for 2 1/2 hr. This is further evidence that endogenous glucose is not added to the extracellular phase during hypothermia. The rate of uptake of glucose by muscle was measured at 38 and 18 C, and these results compared with those obtained in the whole animal. Removal of glucose from the blood is far slower than expected from physical chemical effects of temperature. Failure to convert glucose to glycogen may be the cause of the hyperglycemia in hypothermia.

Physical/Chemical Reactions in Landfills

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
Debra Reinhart ◽  
Rainer Stegmann
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Physical Chemical

BASICS OF THE THEORY OF SELF-ORGANIZATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Kudryavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Basic Ideas

The tutorial reviews the basic ideas and concepts of the theory of self-organization. Numerous examples of physical, chemical, biological, social and other systems are given, which are characterized by the nonlinearity of the phenomena under consideration and which can be described within the framework of a unified approach. The presentation includes the basics of thermodynamics and of the theory of differential equations. The simplest schemes of chemical reactions were used for modeling. The manual is focused primarily on students and graduate students of humanitarian specialities with basic knowledge in the field of natural sciences.

scholarly journals Physical chemical effects of zinc on in vitro enamel demineralization

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1096-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.R. Mohammed ◽  
M. Mneimne ◽  
R.G. Hill ◽  
M. Al-Jawad ◽  
R.J.M. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Physical Chemical
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