BLOOD NORMALS FOR CATTLE; SOME PATHOLOGICAL VALUES

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Allardyce ◽  
R. H. Fleming ◽  
F. L. Fowler ◽  
R. H. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Cattle Blood

Samples of cattle blood have been analysed and the concentrations of 10 constituents determined, i.e., cholesterol, sugar, non-protein nitrogen, urea nitrogen, amino-acid nitrogen, creatine, creatinine, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and chlorides. The normal range of each of these constituents was established. The diet fed to the cattle influences the cholesterol content markedly. Blood samples of cattle suffering from red water and some other pathological cases have been examined, and in each case the results show the variation of the contents of the various constituents.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

1923 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Ileocecal Valve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Chlorine Ion

A study of the non-protein nitrogen, urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, amino-acid nitrogen, sugar, and chlorides of the blood and the CO2-combining power of the plasma in normal dogs, and in dogs after different types of intestinal obstruction, is reported. Following ligation of the duodenum, ligation of the duodenum with gastroenterostomy, and ligation of the upper half of the ileum, a fall in chlorides and a rise in the non-protein nitrogen and urea nitrogen of the blood and in the CO2-combining power of the plasma occur. The uric acid, creatinine, amino-acid nitrogen, and sugar show no significant changes. The fundamental change is a fall in chlorides followed by an alkalosis. The degree of alkalosis depends upon the rate of formation of carbonate, rate of excretion by the kidneys, and extent of neutralization of the carbonate by acid bodies formed during the intoxication. The fall in chlorides is probably due to a utilization of the chlorine ion in the course of the intoxication. It is suggested that this use of chlorine is a protective measure on the part of the body. There are indications that high intestinal obstruction should not be treated by the administration of alkalies. The urea nitrogen is a good index of the protein destruction. Ligation of the ileum at the ileocecal valve is followed by little increase in nitrogen and no change in the chlorides or CO2-combining power of the plasma. The close similarity of the blood findings in intestinal obstruction, acute lobar pneumonia, and serum disease suggests that these widely different conditions may have a common chemical basis.

The Catabolism of Nitrogen Compounds in Dendrostomun cymodoceae Edmonds (Sipunculoidea)

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Sipunculus Nudus

The total non-protein nitrogen in the excretory products of fasting specimens of Dendrostomum cymodoceae Edmonds was found to be 1.18-1.40 mg N/100 g wet wt./24 hr. Of the total nitrogen, 83-90 per cent. was excreted as ammonia nitrogen, 4-6 percent, as urea nitrogen, 0-4 percent. as amino acid nitrogen, and none as uric acid; 89-94 percent. of the nitrogen was thus accounted for. The results are compared with the corresponding values obtained by other workers for Sipunculus nudus and some other invertebrates.

scholarly journals Calcium balance studies on children accustomed to low calcium intakes

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almas Begum ◽  
Sheila M. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Positive Balance

1. Calcium balance studies were carried out on twenty-eight apparently normal preschool children who had been for several months on a low Ca intake of 200 mg/child per day.2. Three-day balances showed that all subjects were in positive balance. The absorption was 50% of the intake.3. When the dietary intake was increased to 280 mg/day there was a greater absorption and retention of Ca. Serum Ca, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were within the normal range for this age group.4. Fourteen of the subjects were on wheat supplemented with lysine. The addition of a single amino acid to the diet was shown not to improve the absorption and retention of Ca over that of the controls.

DISTRIBUTION OF NITROGEN IN REPRESENTATIVE CANADIAN SOILS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. SOWDEN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Mineral Soils

Forms of nitrogen in 92 samples were measured in a study designed to determine the similarities and differences in the nitrogen distribution in various horizons of a wide range of Canadian soils. The samples, representing all of the nine soil orders, were chosen from different climate and vegetation zones. Some peat soils were analyzed also. The data were first grouped according to the nitrogen content of the samples, but the amino acid composition of the soil "protein" did not appear to be related to this. The data were then grouped according to LFH, A, B and C horizons and also according to the Ah, Ap, Ae, Bhf, Bh, Bm and Bt layers. Again, few significant differences in the amino acid composition could be found. Data for the average amino acid composition and standard deviations for 92 mineral soils, 6 LFH and 2 ’O’ horizons of these and 18 peat soils were calculated. Since the analytical and sampling errors appear to be relatively small and would not account for all the variation between samples, there appeared to be real but relatively small and random differences in the amino acid composition of the different samples. The data for the individual soils supported this conclusion; for instance, some samples had very small or barely detectable amounts of hydroxyproline, while with other soils it made up 1–2% of the amino acid nitrogen. The amino sugar composition was more variable and the glucosamine/galactosamine ratio varied from 2:1 for the LFH horizons to 1:1 for the peat soils. In general, however, the soil "protein", which is probably largely the result of microbial degradation and synthesis, is remarkably similar to its amino acid composition. Amino acid nitrogen made up over half of the total nitrogen of the LFH and O horizons. This underestimated the "protein" nitrogen, since there is probably some amide nitrogen (about 5%) not included. In the mineral soils probably about 40% was "protein" nitrogen (including aminde), 5% was amino sugar nitrogen, 18% hydrolyzable unidentified nitrogen and 13.5% was insoluble in the acid used for hydrolysis. Clay-fixed ammonium made up 17% of the total nitrogen and much of the hydrolyzable ammonium came from this.

The non-protein nitrogen composition of grass silage:III. The composition of spoilt silages

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Three Samples

SUMMARYThe nitrogenous composition of the water soluble, non-protein nitrogen fractions of three samples of high-pH-spoilt silage and one sample of overheated silage were examined in detail. The amino acid nitrogen content of the high-pH-spoilt silages declined with increasing extent of spoilage, due to a selective degradation of the amino acids. Losses of amino acids were associated with proportionate increases in the amount of volatile basic nitrogen. Lower aliphatic amines were not present and it was therefore concluded that the ultimate end product of nitrogen metabolism in high-pH-spoilt silages was ammonia. Only low concentrations of putrefaction products, such as putroscine, cadaverine and histamine were present.The composition of the non-protein nitrogen fraction of the overheated silage was unusual in that the ammonia nitrogen content was high and associated with the complete destruction of certain amino acids. The free amino acid nitrogen content was low but this was partially compensated for by a very high ‘peptide’ nitrogen content. There was no evidence of putrefaction products in this silage.

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