scholarly journals Response of winter wheat to herbicide plus fungicide plus ammonium thiosulphate tank-mixes

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop ◽  
Treatment Application

A study was conducted at six field sites near Exeter and Ridgetown, ON, over a 3 yr period (2014, 2015, and 2016) to determine the effect of ammonium thiosulphate (ATS), various fungicides (azoxystrobin/propiconazole, trifloxystrobin/prothioconazole, or pyraclostrobin/metconazole), and various herbicides (bromoxynil/MCPA, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + MCPA, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil, or 2,4-D/dichlorprop) applied alone and in tank-mix combinations on winter wheat crop injury and grain yield. The treatments were applied using Hypro ULD120-02 flat-fan nozzles around Zadoks growth stage 30. The herbicides and fungicides caused <0.6% leaf injury when ATS was not added to the tank-mix. When averaged across fungicides in ATS tank-mixes, leaf injury 1 wk after treatment application was 3.5% to 3.7% with thifensulfuron/tribenuron and dichlorprop-P/2,4-D herbicides and 5.1% to 5.8% injury with bromoxynil/MCPA and thifensulfuron/tribenuron herbicides. On the three field sites with the highest leaf injury, a fungicide–ATS tank-mix increased injury to 4.5% averaged across fungicides and to 4.3% with a herbicide–ATS tank-mix averaged across herbicides. Three-way tank-mixes of herbicide–fungicide–ATS caused the highest injury (7.1%). Despite significant crop injury 1 WAA with some tank-mixes, there was no evidence that grain yields were adversely affected. This study shows that the co-application of a three-way tank-mix of ATS with fungicides (azoxystrobin/propiconazole, trifloxystrobin/prothioconazole, or pyraclostrobin/metconazole) and herbicides (bromoxynil/MCPA, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + MCPA, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil, or dichlorprop-P/2,4-D) has the potential to cause considerable injury in winter wheat under some environmental conditions in Ontario, but the effect seems transient, with no grain yield reductions detected.

scholarly journals Ear development and formation of grain yield in winter wheat.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Darwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

The pattern of grain production of a winter wheat crop and the effect of plant density and time of tiller emergence on grain yield/ear were studied. At harvest, ear size and ear components were ascertained and were discussed in relation to ear growth and ear development during the prefloral and postfloral growing period. Detailed information was obtained on the productivity of ear-bearing tillers and their contribution to final grain yield. Shoot productivity decreased in denser crops; ears were smaller because spikelet differentiation, grain set and grain filling were inadequate. The date that the tiller emerged largely determined its subsequent grain yield. With later tiller initiation and emergence fewer ears were produced. Moreover, these ears were smaller because spikelet initiation, spikelet differentiation, grain set and grain filling were reduced. At low and moderate plant densities, the grain yield of the early-emerged tillers only slightly lagged behind that of main shoots and max. grain yield could be achieved at moderate plant densities. It was concluded that in cereal farming, high and stable grain yields are aims to be achieved. These can be best achieved by having moderate plant densities and applying correct treatments for good crop growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Effects of incorporating different amounts of straw on growth, diseases and yield of consecutive crops of winter wheat grown on contrasting soil types

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. JENKYN ◽  
D. G. CHRISTIAN ◽  
E. T. G. BACON ◽  
R. J. GUTTERIDGE ◽  
A. D. TODD
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Available N ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

Three experiments on winter wheat, each lasting 5 years and on different soil types, were used to test the effects of incorporating different amounts of straw, mainly to determine the importance of achieving uniform distribution to avoid adverse effects on grain yield. Decreases in crop growth and/or grain yield as a consequence of incorporating straw were detected in the first year. The decreases were much larger in one experiment where straw was imported and applied to soil that had been fallowed for 12 months before sowing the wheat than in the other two where the straw was incorporated following the harvest of a winter wheat crop. In the subsequent 4 years, incorporating up to 20 t straw/ha had no significant effects on grain yield but there were some significant effects on concentrations and uptakes of N, P and K, especially on the heavier textured soils. The effects on crop growth and yield that were detected in the first year on each site are tentatively attributed to decreases in available N representing that which was required to support the decomposition of the incorporated straw. The relative lack of significant effects in subsequent years seems to imply that a significant proportion of this N was remineralized relatively quickly, and thus available to support the decomposition of the straw that was incorporated in the second year and, after further recycling, in the years after that. Eyespot, caused by the fungus Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, was decreased by incorporating straw but there were few significant effects on other diseases. The results provide a generally reassuring message for farmers in suggesting that on most, if not all, soils there is little cause for concern about the consequences of incorporating even large amounts of wheat straw before sowing a further crop of winter wheat.

scholarly journals A Comparison between Conventional Tilled and Bicropped Winter Wheat Grown in Monoculture over Four Years

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
J. M. Finnan ◽  
J. I. Burke ◽  
T. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
External Input ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
A Site

<p>A four year experiment was conducted at a site in the south-east of Ireland in which medium and high input conventional winter wheat production systems were compared to no input and low input systems in which winter wheat was direct drilled into an understory of white clover. Whole crop and grain yields from all systems were strongly related to external input levels, yields from bicropped treatments were poor. Nitrogen uptake and grain yields from the conventional treatments declined during the course of the study whereas nitrogen uptake and yields from bicropped treatments were more stable. Fertiliser N application significantly depressed biological production efficiency and altered biomass partitioning. The proportion of biomass partitioned to the stem decreased with fertiliser N, differences between treatments persisted until final harvest. Although the clover sward was still present in the fourth year, this component of the bicrop was gradually replaced by weeds as the experiment progressed in spite of several attempts to control weeds. It is suggested that further research is needed to identify a clover management strategy which ensures the persistence of the white clover sward and allows it to enrich soil fertility in such a way as to be of benefit to the accompanying wheat crop.</p>

Effect of Winter Wheat Crop Residue on No-Till Corn Growth and Development

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy G. Kravchenko ◽  
Kurt D. Thelen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

Effects of precision planting patterns and irrigation on winter wheat yields and water productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (9) ◽  
pp. 1394-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. M. MAO ◽  
W. W. ZHONG ◽  
X. Y. WANG ◽  
X. B. ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Precision Planting

SUMMARYThe production of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is affected by crop population structures and field microclimates. This 3-year study assessed the effect of different precision planting patterns and irrigation conditions on relative humidity (RH), air and soil temperature within the canopy, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (iPAR), evapotranspiration (ET), water productivity (WP) and grain yields. Field experiments were conducted from 2011 to 2014 on a two-factor split-plot design with three replicates. The experiments involved three precision planting patterns (single row, alternating single and twin rows [hereafter ‘single–twin’] and twin row) and three irrigation treatments (0 mm (I0), 90 mm (I90) and 180 mm (I180)). Planting patterns and irrigation treatments exerted a significant effect on RH, air and soil temperature, iPAR, ET, WP and grain yield. The lowest RH and iPAR levels were detected in the single row pattern. When the irrigation treatment was identical, the highest soil and air temperatures were detected in the single row pattern, followed by the single–twin row and twin row patterns. Compared with the single row, the single–twin and twin row patterns increased ET by 0·3 and 1·4, WP by 4·7 and 5·7% and yields by 6·0 and 7·9%, respectively. Compared with I0, the I90 and I180 irrigation treatments increased ET by 0·3 and 1·4%, and WP by 4·7 and 5·7%, respectively. The grain yields of the twin row pattern were 5·8 and 1·7% higher than those of the single row and single–twin row patterns, respectively. Compared with I0, I90 increased yield by 19·3%. The twin row pattern improved crop structure and farmland microclimate by increasing RH and iPAR, and reducing soil and air temperatures, thus increasing grain yield. These results indicated that a twin row pattern effectively improved grain yield at I0. On the basis of iPAR, WP and grain yield, it was concluded that a twin row pattern combined with an I90 irrigation treatment provided optimal cropping conditions for the North China plain.

scholarly journals Winter wheat crop water consumption and its effect on yields in southern Romania, in the very dry 2019-2020 agricultural year

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 12309
Author(s):  
Mihai BERCA ◽  
Valentina-Ofelia ROBESCU ◽  
Roxana HOROIAS
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop ◽  
Crop Water Consumption

Researches on winter wheat in the south part of Romanian Plain during the dry years 2019 and 2020 have been focused on the crop water consumption issue in excessive conditions of air and soil drought. The wheat crop water consumption in the research sites (Calarasi and Teleorman counties), for the entire vegetation period, autumn – spring – summer, is between 1000 and 1050 m3 of water for each ton of wheat produced. Only in the spring-summer period, the wheat extracts a quantity of about 5960 m3 ha-1, i.e. 851 m3 t-1. The useful water reserve is normally located at about 1500 m3/ha-1, at a soil depth of 0-150 cm. In the spring of 2020, it has been below 400 m3 ha-1, so that at the beginning of May the soil moisture had almost reached the wilting coefficient (WC). Wheat plants have been able to survive the thermal and water shock of late spring - early summer, due to enhanced thermal alternation between air and soil. For a period of about 34 days, this alternation brought the plants 1-1.5 mm water, i.e. approximately 442 m3 ha-1, which allowed the prolongation of the plant’s agony until the rains of the second half of May. Yields have been, depending on the variety, between 1500 and 3000 kg ha-1, in average, covering only 60% of the crop costs. Other measures to save water in the soil have also been proposed in the paper.

Аgroclimatic conditions for formation of the winter wheat crop in the territory of the south federal district

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Asaulyak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
The South ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

An assessment of the dynamics of the average regional yield and the climatic component of winter wheat yields in the territory of the Southern Federal District has been carried out. The dynamics of the duration of dry and dry periods was determined according to the data of the Krasnodar meteorological station.

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