Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake from solid and liquid pig manure in perennial and annual cropping systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezvan Karimi ◽  
Wole Akinremi ◽  
Don Flaten
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Treatment

Applying pig manure in excess of crop demand can result in nutrient loss to water bodies. We studied the effect of liquid and solid pig manures and their N- and P-based application rates on yield and nutrient uptake in annual and perennial cropping systems for 3 yr. The experiment had a split-plot design with five nutrient management treatments including liquid-N (annual N-based liquid pig manure), liquid-P (P-based liquid pig manure once every 5 yr), solid-N (annual N-based solid pig manure), solid-P (P-based solid pig manure once every 5 yr), and control (no manure). The liquid-P treatment showed high apparent nitrogen and phosphorus recovery (ANR and APR, respectively) in each cropping system and yields similar to that of the liquid-N treatment. The solid-N treatment had the smallest ANR in the perennial cropping system (9%–27%) and also the smallest APR in both cropping systems (typically <4%) possibly due to N deficiency and high P application rate. The current formula for estimating organic N mineralization overestimated the available N, particularly for solid pig manure, reducing crop yield. Based on the ANR obtained in this study, a more appropriate coefficient is 10%–15% of the organic N from solid pig manure for no-till perennial cropping systems.

Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Craig ◽  
R. R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

scholarly journals A Comparative Techno-Economic Analysis of Organic and Conventional Nigella sativa L. Crop Production in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Evangelia STEFANOPOULOU ◽  
Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽  
Konstantinos TSIMPOUKAS ◽  
Stella KARIDOGIANNI ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
The Cost

Nigella sativa L. is considered to be an alternative crop offering innovative and high-quality products. A case study was implemented on an existing farm to determine the prospects of N. sativa production in Greece and to assess the economic outcomes of the cultivation of this crop under organic and conventional cropping systems. The total production cost of organic N. sativa seeds was 6.09 €/kg, while the cost of conventional seeds was 4.77 €/kg. The organic and conventional N. sativa seed selling prices were 17.04 and 12.01 €/kg, respectively. Moreover, the financial performance of farm is better after the introduction of N. sativa crop under organic cropping system, where the net profit increased by 63.8% compared to the initial profit of the farm, while the increase in the conventional was less at 49.2%. N

scholarly journals Environmentally Sound Alternative Cropping Systems For Rice-Wheat Systems In North West India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Tripathi ◽  
Karnam Venkatesh ◽  
Raj Pal Meena
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Available N ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Net Return ◽  
North West

Abstract Continuous cultivation of Rice-Wheat Cropping System (RWCS) in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India is showing declining factor productivity coupled with many environmental problems. Diversifying the RWCS is one of the environmental friendly options for sustaining food production.Four crop rotations involving maize and sorghum in summer, wheat/ potato/ mustard in winter followed by short duration green gram in late spring were studied to identify the most productive and economic combination from 2017 to 2020. Ranking of treatments by Tukey’s test of significance indicated that the maize-potato-wheat (16.49 t ha-1) combination was best in terms of system productivity calculated in terms of wheat equivalent yield (WEY). Maize-wheat-green gram crop sequence was most profitable by having higher Land Use Efficiency (LUE=87.67%) and net return (NR=1577.1 $ha-1). The gross margin comparison revealed that maize-based crop sequences earned higher gross returns (23.17%), net return (93.66%), and B: C ratio (23.7%) than sorghum-based crop sequences. Soil health parameters were improved under the maize-mustard-green gram system, which increased the organic carbon content by 28.65% and available N by 34.91%. Adoption of alternate cropping sequences instead of rice-wheat, in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India could be more sustainable, profitable, and environment friendly.

Effects of slope position, aspect and cropping system on soil nutrient variability in hilly areas

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Gou ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Hong-Bin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Western China ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Available P ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Available N

Human activities and topography are main factors affecting soil nutrient variation. However, the relationships between these factors are both site- and scale-specific. In hilly areas of south-western China, the dominant cropping systems are rice, vegetables, oranges, Chinese red pepper and maize–sweet potato intercropping. In the present study, slope position (valley, low slope, flat slope, middle slope, upper slope, ridge) and aspect (north, east, south, west) were derived to investigate the relationships among cropping system, terrain, and soil nutrients at county scale. Crops were mainly planted at middle or flat slope positions. Rice and orange plants were evenly distributed across the aspects whereas vegetables were mostly planted on the northern aspect. Red pepper and maize–sweet potato plants were mainly grown on the western and southern aspects. Rice sites had higher contents of organic matter and available nitrogen (N) and lower contents of available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K). For dryland cropping systems, vegetable sites had higher contents of organic matter, available N, and available P. Red pepper sites had higher contents of available K. Contents of organic matter and available N were generally higher at lower landscape positions. Contents of available K were higher at lower and flat slope positions. Contents of available P were higher at higher landscape positions. Contents of organic matter and available N were higher on the northern and eastern, and lower on the western aspects. Contents of available P were higher on the western and lower on the northern aspects. No significant differences were found for available K across the aspects. Classification tree algorithms indicated that relative importance of the variables on soil nutrient variation was in the order: (i) cropping system, (ii) slope position, and (iii) aspect.

Nitrogen mineralization in beef- and pig-manure-amended soils measured using anion resin method

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Ige ◽  
S. M. Sayem ◽  
O. O. Akinremi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Anion Resin ◽  
Resin Method ◽  
Fertilizer Equivalence

Ige, D. V., Sayem, S. M. and Akinremi, O. O. 2015. Nitrogen mineralization in beef- and pig-manure-amended soils measured using anion resin method. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 305–319. A major challenge facing the widespread use of manure is the uncertainty about its fertilizer equivalence. This study was carried out to determine the fertilizer equivalence of locally available manures in two soils in Manitoba. A randomized complete block design was adopted with six treatments [nitrogen fertilizer, a liquid swine manure (LSM), three solid beef manures (SBM) and a control] and four replicates. Each treatment was applied to a cylindrical soil column installed at the site at the rate of 100 kg ha−1of “available N”, and leached NO3-N was captured by resin bags at the bottom of the cylinder. The soils and resin bags removed from the cylinders were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, and 18 wk following treatment application. Ammonium nitrogen in the amendments was nitrified within the first 2 to 3 wk with significant build-up of NO3-N in the soil above the control (P<0.05). The greatest available N was in the fertilizer treatment, followed by the LSM and the smallest was in the SBM. The available N in the three SBM was statistically similar (P>0.05). Approximately 50% of the inorganic N in LSM was available during the growing season, while 68 to 100% of SBM inorganic N was available. Between 4 and 25% of the organic N in the three SBM was mineralized during the growing season. High soil moisture hindered N mineralization and enhanced N loss in the clay soil. LSM has the greatest fertilizer equivalence, with a mean of 65 to 68%, of the four manure types used. The fertilizer equivalence of the three SBM ranged between 42 and 59% and was influenced by the manure C:N ratio and the soil environmental conditions. Our study suggests the need to revise the assumptions regarding manure N availability by considering soil environmental factors in the estimation of available N.

scholarly journals Impact of different cropping systems on properties of soil and water in different micro watersheds

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-529
Author(s):  
Surve Nilam ◽  
D. P. Patel ◽  
P. K. Shrivastava ◽  
K. F. Satasiya
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Available N ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Sodium Percent ◽  
Very High

Studies on soils of Navsari Agricultural University (NAU) having different cropping system were carried out in the four micro watersheds that exist in the 400 ha University campus. Soil samples from 0-15 cm depth and water samples from adjacent bore wells were collected and analyzed from different locations of micro watersheds. Soils of watersheds showed that soils texture was clay in nature, having more than 65 % clay, whereas silt was more in watershed ‘A’. Soil organic carbon content (SOC) was 0.32 %, found in the field near University play ground and the highest 0.88 %, in Forestry farm, thus underlining the need of forest species in agricultural farms. SOC levels have reduced significantly due to intensive cultivation in all the watersheds. The result of exchangeable sodium percent (ESP) is supported by the topographic features, as, ESP was more in watershed ‘B’ (5.15) than C (2.95), this showed that infiltration rate was lesser in ‘B’ as compared to ‘C’ due to availability of more sodium (Na). Available N was highest in watershed ‘A’ (246 kg/ha) followed by ‘C’ (225 kg/ha) than ‘B’ (203 kg/ha), the reason was watershed ‘A’ had only horticulture crops whereas B and C had different crops of the region. Electrical conductivity (EC) of ground water collected from wells in watershed ‘C’ was found to be very high both before (3.44 dS/m) and after monsoon (2.95 dS/m), showing that water is highly saline and not fit for surface irrigation and there is need of ground water recharging.

scholarly journals Different Cropping System’s Effect on Available NPK Post-harvest and their Uptake on Sandy Loam Soil of Southern Telangana Zone, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Ch. Pragathi Kumari ◽  
M. Goverdhan ◽  
G. Kiran Reddy ◽  
Knight Nthebere ◽  
S. H. K. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Available N

The present study was undertaken in the ongoing long-term experiment initiated during 2017 at experimental farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Soil samples collected from a depth of 0–15 cm was analysed for soil fertility parameters namely: available N, P and K. The results indicated that the different cropping systems had positive influence on improving the nutrient status (i.e., available N, P and K) significantly over the initial soil values (N: 112.20, P: 23.40 and K: 170.30 kg ha-1, respectively). These ten cropping systems were grouped in to five categories viz., pre-dominant cropping systems of the zone, ecological cropping systems, household nutritional security giving cropping systems, fodder security giving cropping systems and cropping systems involving high value crops. So that from each category, best cropping system can be identified and can be suggested to different integrated farming systems models. The maximum (221.60 and 221.57 kg ha-1) soil available nitrogen was obtained in Pigeon pea + Greengram (1:3) – Sesame after harvest of kharif and rabi, available phosphorus builds up was profound in Fodder maize – Lucerne (48.27 kg ha-1) and available K (207.63 kg ha-1) was higher in Rice –Maize cropping system after harvest. Fodder crops recorded significantly higher NPK uptake over other cropping systems.

Performance of American cotton-legumes based intercroppingsystem on nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Kumar ◽  
A. B. Turkhede ◽  
Shrimohan Meena ◽  
R. K. Nagar
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Available N ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Npk Uptake

The field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2014-15. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design, replicated thrice with eleven cropping systems. Significantly highest NPK uptake (38.97, 13.39 and 34.85 kg ha-1 respectively) was recorded in the cropping system of sole cotton. Significantly highest available N (222.75 kg ha-1) was recorded in sole blackgram and maximum available P (21.52 kg ha-1) was recorded in cotton + cowpea intercropping system. Cotton + clusterbean intercropping system was recorded significantly highest available K (355.60 kg/h

Nutrient loss from Saskatchewan cropland and pasture in spring snowmelt runoff

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Cade-Menun ◽  
Gordon Bell ◽  
Samar Baker-Ismail ◽  
Ymène Fouli ◽  
Kyle Hodder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Organic C ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Spring Snowmelt

Cade-Menun, B. J., Bell, G., Baker-Ismail, S., Fouli, Y., Hodder, K., McMartin, D. W., Perez-Valdivia, C. and Wu, K. 2013. Nutrient loss from Saskatchewan cropland and pasture in spring snowmelt runoff. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 445–458. To develop appropriate beneficial management practices (BMPs) for a watershed, it is essential to quantify the nutrients lost from agricultural fields and to identify the mechanisms of nutrient transport. To determine appropriate BMPs for a watershed in southeastern Saskatchewan, nutrient concentrations were measured in spring 2010 in snowmelt runoff from fertilized annual cropland (zero till) and perennial tame pastures. The majority of nutrient loss was in dissolved form, rather than as particulates. Significantly more nitrogen (N) was lost from pastures as dissolved ammonium than from cropland, while significantly more dissolved organic N was lost from croplands. Although there were no significant differences in total phosphorus (P) loss, there were significantly higher concentrations of dissolved reactive P in runoff from cropland, and significantly higher particulate P in runoff from pastures. Total carbon (C) in runoff was higher from cropland, due mainly to significantly higher dissolved organic C concentrations. Runoff from cropland contained significantly higher concentrations of dissolved potassium and sulfur, reflecting the fertilization of cropland fields with these nutrients. These preliminary results demonstrate that nutrients may be transported from agricultural lands by different mechanisms (e.g., in dissolved versus particulate forms) as a function of cropping system, requiring the development of specific types of BMPs to best control nutrient losses.

scholarly journals Designing innovative productive cropping systems with quantified and ambitious environmental goals

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Colnenne-David ◽  
Thierry Doré
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Free System ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractAgriculture must face a number of very pressing environmental issues. We used the prototyping method to design three innovative cropping systems, each satisfying three ambitious goals simultaneously: (1) overcoming a major environmental constraint, which represents a major break regarding objectives to be reached in current cropping systems (differing between systems: a ban on all pesticides but with chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer permitted; reducing fossil energy consumption by 50%; or decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50%), (2) meeting a wide range of environmental criteria and (3) maximizing yields, given the major constraint and environmental targets. A fourth cropping system was designed, in which the environmental and yield targets were achieved with no major constraint (the productive high environmental performance cropping system (PHEP) system). The performances of these innovative cropping systems were compared to a conventional system in the Ile-de-France region. We used a three-step prototyping method: (1) new cropping systems were designed on the basis of scientific and expert knowledge, (2) these system prototypes were assessed with tools and a model (ex ante assessment) adjusted to the set of constraints and targets, with optimization by an iterative process until the criteria were satisfied and (3) evaluation in a long-term field experiment (ex post assessment), which is currently underway. We describe only the first two steps here, together with the results of the prototypes assessment with tools and a model. The pesticide, energy and GHG constraints were fulfilled. All these innovative systems satisfied environmental criteria in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus management, pesticide use, energy consumption and crop diversity. For the pesticide-free system, the soil organic matter indicator was lower than expected due to frequent plowing (every 2 years) and yields were 20–50% lower than for the PHEP system, depending on the crop considered. We focus our discussions on the design methodology and the availability of scientific knowledge and tools for projects of this type.

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