Effect of herbicide residues on fall-seeded cover crops influence soil aggregate stability and mineral N

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A Rojas ◽  
Laura L. Van Eerd ◽  
Ivan P O'Halloran ◽  
Peter H Sikkema ◽  
Darren E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Herbicide Residues

scholarly journals Tillage or no-tillage: Impact on mycorrhizae

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahangir Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Fungal Propagules

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are ubiquitous in agricultural soils. These fungi play important roles in plant nutrition and soil conservation. The persistence of AM fungi in ecosystems depends on the formation and survival of propagules (e.g., spore, hyphae and colonized roots). While spores are considered to be resistant structure that may be view as “long-term” propagules when viable host plants are not present, hyphae are considered to be the main source of inocula when host plants are present and the soil is not disturbed. Tillage is an integral part of modern agriculture that can modify the physical, chemical and biological properties of a soil. Consequently, tillage practices may also affect AM fungi. The various tillage practices used in the management of soil for maximum crop production may negatively impact the survival of AM fungal propagules. In tilled soil, certain AM species may survive while others may disappear. Because AM fungi are more abundant in the topsoil, deep plowing may dilute their propagules in a greater volume of soil, thereby reducing the level of infection of a plant root. Tillage is particularly detrimental to AM hyphae if the soil is tilled in the fall and the hyphae are detached from the host plant. Under no-till (NT), AM fungi survive better, particularly when they are close to the host crop on which they developed. There is speculation that in NT systems, plants may follow old root channels and potentially encounter more AM fungal propagules than plants growing in soil that has been tilled. Management of AM fungi in NT soil is essential to maximizing benefits to crops. This review reports how tillage practices affect AM fungi species richness, survivability and infectivity, and how conservation tillage can increase AM fungi survival, consequently improving plant phosphorus uptake and soil aggregate stability. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, conservation tillage, conventional tillage, P uptake, soil aggregate stability, cover crops, crop yield

scholarly journals Effect of Crop Residue Decomposition on Soil Aggregate Stability

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Stegarescu ◽  
Jordi Escuer-Gatius ◽  
Kaido Soosaar ◽  
Karin Kauer ◽  
Tõnu Tõnutare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability

The decomposition of fresh crop residues added to soil for agricultural purposes is complex. This is due to different factors that influence the decomposition process. In field conditions, the incorporation of crop residues into soil does not always have a positive effect on aggregate stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the decomposition effects of residues from two different cover crops (Brassica napus var. oleifera and Secale cereale) and one main crop (wheat straw) on soil aggregate stability. A 105-day incubation experiment was conducted in which crop residues were mixed with sandy loam soil at a rate of 6 g C kg−1 of soil. During the incubation, there were five water additions. The decomposition effects of organic matter on soil conditions during incubation were evaluated by determining the soil functional groups; carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) emissions; soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC); and water-stable aggregates (WSA). The functional groups of the plant residues and the soil were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a double exponential model was used to estimate the decomposition rates. The results show that the decomposition rate of fresh organic materials was correlated with the soil functional groups and the C/N ratio. Oilseed rape and rye, with lower C/N ratios than wheat straw residues, had faster decomposition rates and higher CO2 and N2O emissions than wheat straw. The CO2 and N2O flush at the start of the experiment corresponded to a decrease of soil aggregate stability (from Day 3 to Day 10 for CO2 and from Day 19 to Day 28 for N2O emissions), which was linked to higher decomposition rates of the labile fraction. The lower decomposition rates contributed to higher remaining C (carbon) and higher soil aggregate stability. The results also show that changes in the soil functional groups due to crop residue incorporation did not significantly influence aggregate stability. Soil moisture (SM) negatively influenced the aggregate stability and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in all treatments (oilseed rape, rye, wheat straw, and control). Irrespective of the water addition procedure, rye and wheat straw residues had a positive effect on water-stable aggregates more frequently than oilseed rape during the incubation period. The results presented here may contribute to a better understanding of decomposition processes after the incorporation of fresh crop residues from cover crops. A future field study investigating the influence of incorporation rates of different crop residues on soil aggregate stability would be of great interest.

Dynamics of soil aggregate stability as induced by potassium in a soil-plant system

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Surachet Aramrak ◽  
Natthapol Chittamart ◽  
Worachart Wisawapipat ◽  
Wutthida Rattanapichai ◽  
Mutchima Phun-Iam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Plant System

scholarly journals Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon and Labile Carbon Fractions in Soil Aggregates Affected by Different Tillage Managements

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1541
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Shen ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Qichen Yang ◽  
Weiming Xiu ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Positive Effects

Our study aimed to provide a scientific basis for an appropriate tillage management of wheat-maize rotation system, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture in the fluvo-aquic soil areas in China. Four tillage treatments were investigated after maize harvest, including rotary tillage with straw returning (RT), deep ploughing with straw returning (DP), subsoiling with straw returning (SS), and no tillage with straw mulching (NT). We evaluated soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) in bulk soil and soil aggregates with five particle sizes (>5 mm, 5–2 mm, 2–1 mm, 1–0.25 mm, and <0.25 mm) under different tillage managements. Results showed that compared with RT treatment, NT treatment not only increased soil aggregate stability, but also enhanced SOC, DOC, and POC contents, especially those in large size macroaggregates. DP treatment also showed positive effects on soil aggregate stability and labile carbon fractions (DOC and POXC). Consequently, we suggest that no tillage or deep ploughing, rather than rotary tillage, could be better tillage management considering carbon storage. Meanwhile, we implied that mass fractal dimension (Dm) and POXC could be effective indicators of soil quality, as affected by tillage managements.

scholarly journals Sludge amendment accelerating reclamation process of reconstructed mining substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Ningning Yin ◽  
Ruiwei Xu ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Reclamation Process

AbstractWe constructed a mining soil restoration system combining plant, complex substrate and microbe. Sludge was added to reconstructed mine substrates (RMS) to accelerate the reclamation process. The effect of sludge on plant growth, microbial activity, soil aggregate stability, and aggregation-associated soil characteristics was monitored during 10 years of reclamation. Results show that the height and total biomass of ryegrass increases with reclamation time. Sludge amendment increases the aggregate binding agent content and soil aggregate stability. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and light-fraction SOC (LFOC) in the RMS increase by 151% and 247% compared with those of the control, respectively. A similar trend was observed for the glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP). Stable soil aggregate indexes increase until the seventh year. In short, the variables of RMS determined after 3–7 years insignificantly differ from those of the untreated sample in the tenth-year. Furthermore, significant positive correlations between the GRSP and SOC and GRSP and soil structure-related variables were observed in RMS. Biological stimulation of the SOC and GRSP accelerates the recovery of the soil structure and ecosystem function. Consequently, the plant–complex substrate–microbe ecological restoration system can be used as an effective tool in early mining soil reclamation.

scholarly journals Short-Term Dynamics of Soil Aggregate Stability in the Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baptiste Algayer ◽  
Yves Le Bissonnais ◽  
Frédéric Darboux
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability

The effect of four calcium-based amendments on soil aggregate stability of two sandy topsoils

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Vargas ◽  
José Verdejo ◽  
Adrian Rivera ◽  
Domingo Suárez ◽  
Cristian Youlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability

scholarly journals Root density drives aggregate stability of soils of different moraine ages in the Swiss Alps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Greinwald ◽  
Tobias Gebauer ◽  
Ludwig Treuter ◽  
Victoria Kolodziej ◽  
Alessandra Musso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length Density ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Landscape Development ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Vegetation Parameters

Abstract Aims The stability of hillslopes is an essential ecosystem service, especially in alpine regions with soils prone to erosion. One key variable controlling hillslope stability is soil aggregate stability. We aimed at identifying dominant controls of vegetation parameters on aggregate stability and analysed their importance for soil aggregate stability during landscape development. Methods We quantified the aggregate stability coefficient (ASC) and measured plant cover, diversity, root mass and root length, density (RMD, RLD) along two chronosequences with contrasting bedrocks (siliceous, calcareous) in the Swiss Alps. Results We found that ASC developed slower along the calcareous chronosequence. Furthermore, we observed a significant positive effect of vegetation cover and diversity on ASC that was mediated via root density. These relationships developed in a time-depended manner: At young terrain ages, vegetation parameters had a strong effect on aggregate stability compared to older stages. Moreover, RLD was the most powerful predictor of ASC on young terrain, whereas on older moraines RMD became more important. Conclusions We highlight that root density plays a major role in governing ASC for soils differing in moraine ages. The changing importances of RLD and RMD for ASC development suggest different mechanistic linkages between vegetation and hillsope stability during landscape development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document