Vascular dysfunction following breath-hold diving

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto F. Barak ◽  
Nebojsa Janjic ◽  
Ivan Drvis ◽  
Tanja Mijacika ◽  
Ivana Mudnic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Before And After

The pathogenesis of predominantly neurological decompression sickness (DCS) is multifactorial. In SCUBA diving, besides gas bubbles, DCS has been linked to microparticle release, impaired endothelial function, and platelet activation. This study focused on vascular damage and its potential role in the genesis of DCS in breath-hold diving. Eleven breath-hold divers participated in a field study comprising eight deep breath-hold dives with short surface periods and repetitive breath-hold dives lasting for 6 h. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery, via flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and the number of microparticles (MPs) were assessed before and after each protocol. All measures were analyzed by two-way within-subject ANOVA (2 × 2 ANOVA; factors: time and protocol). Absolute FMD was reduced following both diving protocols (p < 0.001), with no interaction (p = 0.288) or main effect of protocol (p = 0.151). There was a significant difference in the total number of circulating MPs between protocols (p = 0.007), where both increased post-dive (p = 0.012). The number of CD31+/CD41– and CD66b+ MP subtypes, although different between protocols (p < 0.001), also increased by 41.0% ± 56.6% (p = 0.050) and 60.0% ± 53.2% (p = 0.045) following deep and repetitive breath-hold dives, respectively. Both deep and repetitive breath-hold diving lead to endothelial dysfunction that may play an important role in the genesis of neurological DCS.

Abstract 538: Overexpression of the Catalytic Subunit of Telomerase Protects Against Ang II Induced Vascular Dysfunction

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Hockenberry ◽  
David D Gutterman ◽  
Andreas M Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Catalytic Subunit ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Tissue Aging ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mini Pump

Rational: Angiotensin II (A II) produces endothelial dysfunction by elevating vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from mitochondria. Telomerase, prominent in cellular senescence and tissue aging, reduces mitochondrial ROS production. Conversely, loss of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (TERT-/-) causes hypertension and reduced NO bioavailability. We have shown previously that decreased TERT abrogates NO mediated dilation and increases mtROS levels. We hypothesized that overexpression of TERT attenuates A II induced endothelial dysfunction by suppressing ROS production, while loss of TERT predisposes to A II induced endothelial dysfunction. Results: Mouse mesenteric arterioles (~250 μm) from hTERT transgenic, TERT-/- and control mice were infused with A II (via osmotic mini pump, 2 weeks) were used. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) to graded degrees of shear was measured in vessels constricted with norepinephrine. A II (400ng/kg/min) reduced FMD in TERT-/- but not in WT controls (left). The mechanism of FMD was changed in TERT-/- from NO to H2O2 as previously shown. TERT transgenic mice showed hyper relaxation to shear which was normalized by A II treatment (1000ng/kg/min), while in WT control animals the same dose of A II reduced endothelium-dependent dilation (right). Conclusions: We conclude that up-regulation of TERT is sufficient to prevent A II mediated endothelial dysfunction, likely by suppressing ROS formation and preserving physiological NO levels in the microvascular.

Exercise alters Cardiac Function Independent of Acute Systemic Inflammation in Healthy Men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Coates ◽  
Heather L. Petrick ◽  
Philip J. Millar ◽  
Jamie F. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Left Ventricular Stiffness ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Before And After

Acute elevations in inflammatory cytokines have been demonstrated to increase aortic and left ventricular stiffness and reduce endothelial function in healthy subjects. As vascular and cardiac function are often transiently reduced following prolonged exercise, it is possible that cytokines released during exercise may contribute to these alterations. The a priori aims of this study were to determine if vaccine-induced increases in inflammatory-cytokines would reduce vascular and left ventricular function, whether vascular alterations would drive cardiac impairments, and whether this would be potentiated by moderate exercise. In a randomized cross-over fashion, sixteen male participants were tested under control (CON) and inflammatory (INF) conditions, wherein INF testing occurred 8h following administration of an influenza vaccine. On both days, participants underwent measures of echocardiography performed during light cycling (stress-echocardiography), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), and superficial femoral flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after cycling for 90min at ~85% of their first ventilatory threshold. IL-6 increased significantly (∆1.9±1.3pg/mL, P<0.001), while TNFα was non-significantly augmented (∆0.05±0.11pg/mL, P=0.09), 8h following vaccination. Vascular function was unaltered following cycling or inflammation (all P>0.05). The use of echocardiography during light cycling revealed cardiac alterations traditionally expected to occur only with greater exercise loads, with reduced systolic (e.g. longitudinal strain CON:∆3.3±4.4%, INF:∆1.7±2.7%, P=0.002) and diastolic function (e.g. E/A ratio CON:∆-0.32±0.34a.u., INF:∆-0.25±0.27a.u., P=0.002) following cycling, independent of inflammation. The vaccine reduced stroke volume (SV) (main effect of condition P=0.009) before-and-after cycling. These findings indicate that reduced cardiac function following exercise occurs largely independent of additional inflammatory load.

Maximum effort breath-hold times for males and females of similar pulmonary capacities during sudden face-only immersion at water temperatures from 0 to 33 °C

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ollie Jay ◽  
Matthew D. White
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Air Control

For non breath-hold-trained males and females matched for pulmonary capacity and body size, the effects of sex, water temperature, and end-tidal gas tensions were studied for their potential influences on breath-holding ability. Maximum breath-hold time (BHTmax) was measured a total of 546 times in 13 males and 13 females, each repeating 3 trials of sudden face immersion (i.e., no prior hyperventilation) in water at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 33 °C and in an air control condition (AIR). End-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and oxygen (PETO2) gas tensions were measured before and after breath-holding in a subset of 11 males and 11 females. For BHTmax there was no main effect of sex (p = 0.20), but there was a main effect of immersion condition (p < 0.001). Relative to pre-immersion rest values, end-tidal gas tensions were significantly higher in males than in females (p ≤ 0.05) and significantly lower at decreased water temperatures relative to AIR (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, for these matched groups (i) sex did not influence BHTmax; (ii) irrespective of sex, decreases in water temperature at 0, 5, 10, and 15 °C gave proportionate decreases of BHTmax; (iii) significantly greater deviations in both PETCO2 and PETO2 following breath-holding were evident in males relative to females; and (iv) irrespective of sex, there were significantly smaller changes in both PETCO2 and PETO2 at lower water temperatures relative to AIR, with or without removing the variance due to breath holding.

scholarly journals Manual vibrocompression and nasotracheal suctioning in post-operative period of infants with heart deffects

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maíra Seabra de Assumpção ◽  
Renata Maba Gonçalves ◽  
Lúcia Cristina Krygierowicz ◽  
Ana Cristina T. Orlando ◽  
Camila Isabel S. Schivinski
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of manual vibrocompression and nasotracheal suctioning on heart (hr) and respiratory (rr) rates, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), pain and respiratory distress in infants in the postoperative period of a cardiac surgery. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial, in which the assessments were performed by the same physiotherapist in two moments: before and after the procedure. The infants were randomly divided into two groups: Intervention (IG), with manual chest vibrocompression, nasotracheal suctioning and resting; and Control CG), with 30 minutes of rest. Cardiorespiratory data (SpO2; hr; rr) were monitored and the following scales were used: Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), for pain evaluation, and Bulletin of Silverman-Andersen (BSA), for respiratory distress assessment. The data were verified by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS: 20 infants with heart disease, ten in each group (seven acyanotic and three cyanotic) were enrolled, with ages ranging from zero to 12 months. In the analysis of the interaction between group and time, there was a significant difference in the variation of SpO2 (p=0.016), without changes in the other variables. Considering the main effect on time, only rr showed a significant difference (p=0.001). As for the group main effect, there were no statistical differences (SpO2 - p=0.77, hr - p=0.14, rr - p=0.17, NIPS - p=0.49 and BSA - p=0.51 ). CONCLUSIONS: The manual vibrocompression and the nasotracheal suctioning applied to infants in postoperative of cardiac surgery did not altered SpO2 and rr, and did not trigger pain and respiratory distress. [Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC): REQ: 1467].

scholarly journals VARIASI PERBEDAAN JUMLAH DENYUT NADI PENYELAM TRADISIONALPADA SIMULASI PENYELAMAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rheiner V. Mandagi ◽  
Maya Moningka
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Breath Hold ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Facial Immersion

Abstract: Human dive response aims to conserve oxygen. Direct contact of the water on the forehead, eyes and nose is a strong stimulus for which is innervated by the trigeminal nerve stimulation causes inhibition against respiratory and vasomotor centers and the activation of cardiac vagal motoneuron. The cardiovascular response that causes a decrease in the heart rate and vasoconstriction  Facial cold receptors more strongly activated by low water temperature (10 – 150C). The specific objective of this study was to analyze differences in pulse number of healthy male traditional diver before, while, and after simulated dives. This research is an experimental study with 20 analytical samples are housed in Malalayang 2 Data were analyzed using SPSS and Test T. The results of this study found the number of pulses during a breath hold and facial immersion in cold water was significantly lower than that before doing the activity (p = 0.0001) with 17.1±10.2 difference. The number after the pulse raised face of the water was significantly higher than the current hold your breath and facial immersion in cold water (p = 0.0001), with the difference in the amount of as much as 16.6±10.8 pulse. Conclusion : there are significant difference (p = 0.0001) number of pulses in healthy male traditional divers during the interim before and after the while doing simulations hold your breath and dive with facial immersion in cold water.                                                                                                         . Keywords : Pulse, Traditional Diving    Abstrak.Respon penyelaman manusia bertujuan untuk menghemat oksigen.Kontak langsung terhadap air pada dahi, mata dan hidung merupakan stimulus kuat karena dipersarafi oleh nervus trigeminus dimana stimulasi terhadapnya menyebabkan penghambatan pernafasan dan pengaktifan pusat vasomotor dan motoneuron vagal jantung.Respon kardiovaskuler ini yang menyebabkan penurunan denyut jantung dan terjadinya vasokontriksi.Reseptor dingin wajah lebih kuat teraktivasi dengan air temperatur rendah (10-150C).Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah menganalisa perbedaan jumlah denyut nadi laki-laki sehat penyelam tradisional sebelum, sementara, dan sesudah simulasi penyelaman.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analitik eksperimental dengan 20 sampel yang bertempat di Malalayang 2. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakanSPSS dan Uji T. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan jumlah denyut nadi saat melakukan tahan napas dan perendaman wajah dalam air dingin secara bermakna lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan sebelum melakukan kegiatan tersebut (p=0,0001) dengan perbedaan sebanyak 17,1+10,2. Jumlah denyut nadi sesudah wajah diangkat dari dalam air bermakna lebih tinggi daripada saat tahan napas dan perendaman wajah dalam air dingin (p=0,0001), dengan perbedaan jumlah denyut nadi sebanyak 16,6+10,8. Simpulan: ada perbedaan bermakna (p=0,0001) jumlah denyut nadi pada laki-laki sehat penyelam tradisional pada saat sebelum dengan sementara dan sesudah dengan sementara melakukan simulasi penyelaman dengan tahan napas dan perendaman wajah dalam air dingin. Kata Kunci: Denyut Nadi, Penyelaman Tradisional.

scholarly journals Impaired Flow-Mediated Dilation Before, During, and After Preeclampsia

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey L. Weissgerber ◽  
Natasa M. Milic ◽  
Jelena S. Milin-Lazovic ◽  
Vesna D. Garovic
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Increased Risk

Endothelial dysfunction is believed to play a critical role in preeclampsia; however, it is unclear whether this dysfunction precedes the pregnancy or is caused by pathophysiological events in early pregnancy. It is also unclear for how long vascular dysfunction may persist postpartum and whether it represents a mechanism linking preeclampsia with future cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to determine whether women with preeclampsia had worse vascular function compared with women who did not have preeclampsia by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that examined endothelial dysfunction using flow-mediated dilation. We included studies published before May 29, 2015, that examined flow-mediated dilation before, during, or after preeclampsia. Differences in flow-mediated dilation between study groups were evaluated by standardized mean differences. Out of 610 abstracts identified through PubMED, EMBASE, and Web of Science, 37 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. When compared with women who did not have preeclampsia, women who had preeclampsia had lower flow-mediated dilation before the development of preeclampsia (≈20–29 weeks gestation), at the time of preeclampsia, and for 3 years postpartum, with the estimated magnitude of the effect ranging between 0.5 and 3 standard deviations. Similar effects were observed when the analysis was limited to studies that excluded women with chronic hypertension, smokers, or both. Vascular dysfunction predates preeclampsia and may contribute to its pathogenesis. Future studies should address whether vascular changes that persist after preeclamptic pregnancies may represent a mechanistic link with increased risk for future cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Effect of exercise on postprandial endothelial function in adolescent boys

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Sedgwick ◽  
John G. Morris ◽  
Mary E. Nevill ◽  
Keith Tolfrey ◽  
Alan Nevill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Prior Exercise ◽  
Main Effect

The ingestion of high-fat meals induces a state of endothelial dysfunction in adults. This dysfunction is attenuated by prior exercise. The response of young people to these nutritional and physiological stressors has not been established. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate if a bout of moderate-intensity exercise influenced endothelial function (as indicated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD)) following the ingestion of a high-fat breakfast and lunch in adolescent boys (aged 12·6–14·3 years). Two, 2 d main trials (control and exercise) were completed by thirteen adolescent boys in a counter-balanced, cross-over design. Participants were inactive on day 1 of the control trial, but completed 60 min of walking at 60 % peak oxygen uptake in the exercise trial. On day 2, endothelial function was assessed via FMD prior to, and following, ingestion of a high-fat breakfast and lunch. There was no difference in fasting FMD between the control and exercise trial (P= 0·449). In the control trial, FMD was reduced by 32 % following consumption of the high-fat breakfast and by 24 % following lunch. In the exercise trial, the corresponding reductions were 6 and 10 %, respectively (main effect trial, P= 0·002). These results demonstrate that moderate-intensity exercise can attenuate the decline in FMD seen following the consumption of high-fat meals in adolescent boys.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Melatih Kepemimpinan Perangkat Desa Kebonharjo Kulonprogo: Membangun Sikap Anti Korupsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Adi Heryadi ◽  
Evianawati Evianawati
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Measuring Tool

This study aims to prove whether transformational leadership training is effective for building anti-corruption attitudes of villages in Kebonharjo village, subdistrict Samigaluh Kulonprogo. This research is an experimental research with one group pre and posttest design.Subject design is 17 people from village of 21 candidates registered. Measuring tool used in this research is the scale of anti-corruption perception made by the researcher referring to the 9 anti-corruption values with the value of reliability coefficient of 0.871. The module used as an intervention made by the researcher refers to the transformational leadership dimension (Bass, 1990). The data collected is analyzed by statistical analysis of different test Paired Sample Test. Initial data collection results obtained sign value of 0.770 which means> 0.05 or no significant difference between anti-corruption perception score between before and after training. After a period of less than 1 (one) month then conducted again the measurement of follow-up of the study subjects in the measurement again using the scale of anti-corruption perception. The results of the second data collection were analysed with Paired Samples Test and obtained the value of 0.623 sign meaning p> 0.05 or no significant difference between post test data with follow-up data so that the hypothesis of this study was rejected.

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document