3D modeling: a future of cardiovascular medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaley H. Garner ◽  
Dinender K. Singla
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Medical Device Design ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Operative Planning

Cardiovascular disease resulting from atypical cardiac structures continues to be a leading health concern despite advancements in diagnostic imaging and surgical techniques. However, the ability to visualize spatial relationships using current technologies remains a challenge. Therefore, 3D modeling has gained significant interest to understand complex and atypical cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, 3D modeling can be personalized and patient-specific. 3D models have been demonstrated to aid surgical planning and simulation, enhance communication among surgeons and patients, optimize medical device design, and can be used as a potential teaching tool in medical schools. In this review, we discuss the key components needed to generate cardiac 3D models. We highlight prevalent structural conditions that have utilized 3D modeling in pre-operative planning. Furthermore, we discuss the current limitations of routine use of 3D models in the clinic as well as future directions for utilization of this technology in the cardiovascular field.

Immersive 3-Dimensional Virtual Reality Modeling for Case-Specific Presurgical Discussions in Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taku Sugiyama ◽  
Tod Clapp ◽  
Jordan Nelson ◽  
Chad Eitel ◽  
Hiroaki Motegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Cerebrovascular Surgery

Abstract BACKGROUND Adequate surgical planning includes a precise understanding of patient-specific anatomy and is a necessity for neurosurgeons. Although the use of virtual reality (VR) technology is emerging in surgical planning and education, few studies have examined the effectiveness of immersive VR during surgical planning using a modern head-mounted display. OBJECTIVE To investigate if and how immersive VR aids presurgical discussions of cerebrovascular surgery. METHODS A multiuser immersive VR system, BananaVisionTM, was developed and used during presurgical discussions in a prospective patient cohort undergoing cerebrovascular surgery. A questionnaire/interview was administered to multiple surgeons after the surgeries to evaluate the effectiveness of the VR system compared to conventional imaging modalities. An objective assessment of the surgeon's knowledge of patient-specific anatomy was also conducted by rating surgeons’ hand-drawn presurgical illustrations. RESULTS The VR session effectively enhanced surgeons’ understanding of patient-specific anatomy in the majority of cases (83.3%). An objective assessment of surgeons’ presurgical illustrations was consistent with this result. The VR session also effectively improved the decision-making process regarding minor surgical techniques in 61.1% of cases and even aided surgeons in making critical surgical decisions about cases involving complex and challenging anatomy. The utility of the VR system was rated significantly higher by trainees than by experts. CONCLUSION Although rated as more useful by trainees than by experts, immersive 3D VR modeling increased surgeons’ understanding of patient-specific anatomy and improved surgical strategy in certain cases involving challenging anatomy.

scholarly journals 3D Printed Patient-Specific Complex Hip Arthroplasty Models Streamline the Preoperative Surgical Workflow: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jiang ◽  
Jasamine Coles-Black ◽  
Gordon Chen ◽  
Matthew Alexander ◽  
Jason Chuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Surgical Workflow ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
3D Printed

Introduction: Surgical planning for complex total hip arthroplasty (THA) often presents a challenge. Definitive plans can be difficult to decide upon, requiring unnecessary equipment to be ordered and a long theatre list booked. We present a pilot study utilising patient-specific 3D printed models as a method of streamlining the pre-operative planning process.Methods: Complex patients presenting for THA were referred to the research team. Patient-specific 3D models were created from routine Computed Tomography (CT) imaging. Simulated surgery was performed to guide prosthesis selection, sizing and the surgical plan.Results: Seven patients were referred for this pilot study, presenting with complex conditions with atypical anatomy. Surgical plans provided by the 3D models were more detailed and accurate when compared to 2D CT and X ray imaging. Streamlined equipment selection was of great benefit, with augments avoided post simulation in three cases. The ability to tackle complex surgical problems outside of the operating theatre also flagged potential complications, while also providing teaching opportunities in a low risk environment.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 3D printed models can improve the surgical plan and streamline operative logistics. Further studies investigating the optimal 3D printing material and workflow, along with cost-benefit analyses are required before this process is ready for routine use.

scholarly journals O74: ASSESSING THE USEFULNESS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING AND VIRTUAL REALITY IN SURGICAL PLANNING: A MEDICAL STUDENT LED PILOT STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Ryan ◽  
E O'Malley ◽  
D Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Patient Counselling

Abstract Introduction Nephron-sparing surgery is becoming more common as surgical techniques advance. VR and 3D visualisation appear to provide better anatomical understanding in presurgical planning than two-dimensional alone. 3D models may enable greater tissue salvation and fewer complications. 3D model preparation and advancing research is expensive and time consuming. We aim to pilot study led by medical student, create reliable anatomical kidney models and assess usefulness in surgical planning. Method Routine CT urograms were performed on 128 slice scanner using split bolus technique. Medical student segmented and displayed models in VR using 3DSlicer. Radiology registrar and consultant validated models. Two urology surgeons completed qualitative questionnaires. Result We included two patients. Only minor segmentation tweaks by radiologist ensured accurately demonstrated tumors. Tissue contrast quality varied between CT scans complicating segmentation. Both surgeons deemed models helpful in visualising hilar anatomy, predicting bleeding complications, determining laparoscopic/open and partial/full nephrectomy approach. Surgeons prioritised vasculature visualisation over collecting system. Surgeons suggested gauging tumor depth would be useful. Considering 3D printing cost, surgeons agreed VR alone may suffice. Conclusion Surgeons found 3D and VR enabled accurate surgical planning and patient counselling regarding nephrectomy risk. Minor CT protocol recommendations enable easier and more accurate segmentation, without increasing patient's radiation exposure. Annual leave during 8-week summer project reflects case numbers. Since, we've identified more cases to assess surgical parameters against matched cohort. We've begun work for adrenal surgery. It's feasible for medical students with minimal surgical/radiological knowledge to advance this research, gaining valuable experience. Abbrev Virtual Reality(VR), Three-dimensional(3D), Computerised Tomography(CT) Take-home message Three-dimensional imaging and virtual reality may improve surgical planning and patient counselling. Regarding nephrectomy, this could give surgeons the confidence to convert from full nephrectomy to partial nephrectomy approach, improving patient outcome.

scholarly journals The Role of Soft Robotic Micromachines in the Future of Medical Devices and Personalized Medicine

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Lourdes Garcia ◽  
Genevieve Kerns ◽  
Kaitlin O’Reilley ◽  
Omolola Okesanjo ◽  
Jacob Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Device Design ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Medical Device Design ◽  
Material Chemistry ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgical ◽  
The Future

Developments in medical device design result in advances in wearable technologies, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and patient-specific approaches to medicine. In this review, we analyze the trajectory of biomedical and engineering approaches to soft robotics for healthcare applications. We review current literature across spatial scales and biocompatibility, focusing on engineering done at the biotic-abiotic interface. From traditional techniques for robot design to advances in tunable material chemistry, we look broadly at the field for opportunities to advance healthcare solutions in the future. We present an extracellular matrix-based robotic actuator and propose how biomaterials and proteins may influence the future of medical device design.

scholarly journals 3D Patient-Specific Virtual Models for Presurgical Planning in Patients with Recto-Sigmoid Endometriosis Nodules: A Pilot Study

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Giulia Borghese ◽  
Francesca Coppola ◽  
Diego Raimondo ◽  
Antonio Raffone ◽  
Antonio Travaglino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Virtual Models ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Operative Findings

Background and Objective: In recent years, 3D printing has been used to support surgical planning or to guide intraoperative procedures in various surgical specialties. An improvement in surgical planning for recto-sigmoid endometriosis (RSE) excision might reduce the high complication rate related to this challenging surgery. The aim of this study was to build novel presurgical 3D models of RSE nodules from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compare them with intraoperative findings. Materials and Methods: A single-center, observational, prospective, cohort, pilot study was performed by enrolling consecutive symptomatic women scheduled for minimally invasive surgery for RSE between November 2019 and June 2020 at our institution. Preoperative MRI were used for building 3D models of RSE nodules and surrounding pelvic organs. 3D models were examined during multi-disciplinary preoperative planning, focusing especially on three domains: degree of bowel stenosis, nodule’s circumferential extension, and bowel angulation induced by the RSE nodule. After surgery, the surgeon was asked to subjectively evaluate the correlation of the 3D model with the intra-operative findings and to express his evaluation as “no correlation”, “low correlation”, or “high correlation” referring to the three described domains. Results: seven women were enrolled and 3D anatomical virtual models of RSE nodules and surrounding pelvic organs were generated. In all cases, surgeons reported a subjective “high correlation” with the surgical findings. Conclusion: Presurgical 3D models could be a feasible and useful tool to support surgical planning in women with recto-sigmoidal endometriotic involvement, appearing closely related to intraoperative findings.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Visualization of Subdural Electrodes for Presurgical Planning

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. ons152-ons161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. LaViolette ◽  
Scott D. Rand ◽  
Manoj Raghavan ◽  
Benjamin M. Ellingson ◽  
Kathleen M. Schmainda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Subdural Electrodes ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Intracranial Electrode

Abstract BACKGROUND: Accurate localization and visualization of subdural electrodes implanted for intracranial electroencephalography in cases of medically refractory epilepsy remains a challenging clinical problem. OBJECTIVE: We introduce a technique for creating accurate 3-dimensional (3D) brain models with electrode overlays, ideal for resective surgical planning. METHODS: Our procedure uses postimplantation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic (CT) imaging to create 3D models of compression-affected brain combined with intensity-thresholded CT-derived electrode models using freely available software. Footprints, or “shadows,” beneath electrodes are also described for better visualization of sulcus-straddling electrodes. Electrode models were compared with intraoperative photography for validation. RESULTS: Realistic representations of intracranial electrode positions on patient-specific postimplantation MRI brain renderings were reliably created and proved accurate when compared with photographs. Electrodes placed interhemispherically were also visible with our rendering technique. Electrode shadows were useful in locating electrodes that straddle sulci. CONCLUSION: We present an accurate method for visualizing subdural electrodes on brain compression effected 3D models that serves as an ideal platform for surgical planning.

scholarly journals An Easy and Economical Way to Produce a Three-Dimensional Bone Phantom in a Dog with Antebrachial Deformities

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445
Author(s):  
Hee-Ryung Lee ◽  
Gareeballah Osman Adam ◽  
Dong Kwon Yang ◽  
Tsendsuren Tungalag ◽  
Sei-Jin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Corrective Osteotomy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Definite Description ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Angular Deformity ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
The Cost

3-D surgical planning for restorative osteotomy is costly and time-consuming because surgeons need to be helped from commercial companies to get 3-D printed bones. However, practitioners can save time and keep the cost to a minimum by utilizing free software and establishing their 3-D printers locally. Surgical planning for the corrective osteotomy of antebrachial growth deformities (AGD) is challenging for several reasons (the nature of the biapical or multiapical conformational abnormalities and lack of a reference value for the specific breed). Pre-operative planning challenges include: a definite description of the position of the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) and proper positioning of the osteotomies applicable to the CORA. In the present study, we demonstrated an accurate and reproducible bone-cutting technique using patient-specific instrumentations (PSI) 3-D technology. The results of the location precision showed that, by using PSIs, the surgeons were able to accurately replicate preoperative resection planning. PSI results also indicate that PSI technology provides a smaller standard deviation than the freehand method. PSI technology performed in the distal radial angular deformity may provide good cutting accuracy. In conclusion, the PSI technology may improve bone-cutting accuracy during corrective osteotomy by providing clinically acceptable margins.

Mechanics of Healthy and Functionally Diseased Mitral Valves: A Critical Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre M. Rabbah ◽  
Neelakantan Saikrishnan ◽  
Andrew W. Siefert ◽  
Arvind Santhanakrishnan ◽  
Ajit P. Yoganathan
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Medical Device Design ◽  
Unidirectional Flow ◽  
Patient Health

The mitral valve is a complex apparatus with multiple constituents that work cohesively to ensure unidirectional flow between the left atrium and ventricle. Disruption to any or all of the components—the annulus, leaflets, chordae, and papillary muscles—can lead to backflow of blood, or regurgitation, into the left atrium, which deleteriously effects patient health. Through the years, a myriad of surgical repairs have been proposed; however, a careful appreciation for the underlying structural mechanics can help optimize long-term repair durability and inform medical device design. In this review, we aim to present the experimental methods and significant results that have shaped the current understanding of mitral valve mechanics. Data will be presented for all components of the mitral valve apparatus in control, pathological, and repaired conditions from human, animal, and in vitro studies. Finally, current strategies of patient specific and noninvasive surgical planning will be critically outlined.

scholarly journals Bio-Engineering in Microtia Reconstruction: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sophie Lafrenière
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Bio Engineering ◽  
Costochondral Graft ◽  
Planning Production

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing have become widely adopted in surgical fields, whether it be for pre-operative planning, production of prostheses, outcomes monitoring and even surgical training. Plastic and reconstructive surgeons have shown interest in using 3D technology in craniofacial reconstruction, in particular for microtia.  Discussion: In patients with unilateral microtia, 3D modeling and printing of their normal contralateral ear to use as an intra-operative reference during costochondral or MedPor carving were preferred by surgeons to traditional 2D drawings as they provide the depth aspect of the ear and logistically save time. Combining tissue engineering with 3D modeling and printing by seeding chondrocytes onto a customized biodegradable ear framework is promising to restore aesthetics and obviates certain challenges of the autologous costochondral graft technique.Conclusions and relevance: Microtia is a common congenital malformation and its current gold standard is technically challenging. As medicine is moving towards personalized medicine, 3D modeling and printing will definitely play a larger role in various surgical fields, including microtia reconstruction. Future studies will likely focus on refining the acquisition of images to produce 3D models, standardizing tissue engineering techniques and using bioprinting to produce external ears once the technology is clinically applicable.

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