Niacin as antidyslipidemic drug

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1043-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Julius
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
End Points ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Review Reports

Niacin is an important vitamin (B3) that can be used in gram doses to positively modify pathogenetically relevant lipid disorders: elevated LDL cholesterol, elevated non-HDL cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, elevated lipoprotein(a), and reduced HDL cholesterol. This review reports the latest published findings with respect to niacin’s mechanisms of action on these lipids and its anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects. In the pre-statin era, niacin was shown to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular end-points; but in recent years, two major studies performed in patients whose LDL cholesterol levels had been optimized by a statin therapy did not demonstrate an additional significant effect on these end-points in the groups where niacin was administered. Both studies have several drawbacks that suggest that they are not representative for other patients. Thus, niacin still plays a role either as an additive to a statin or as a substitute for a statin in statin-intolerant patients. Moreover, patients with elevated triglyceride and low HDL cholesterol levels and patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) concentrations will possibly benefit from niacin, although currently the study evidence for these indications is rather poor. Niacin may be useful for compliant patients, however possible side effects (flushing, liver damage) and contraindications should be taken into consideration.

FC23-02 - Gender and genotype modulation of the association between lipid levels and depressive symptomatology in community-dwelling elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1940-1940
Author(s):  
M.-L. Ancelin ◽  
I. Carrière ◽  
J.-P. Boulenger ◽  
A. Malafosse ◽  
R. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Genetic Vulnerability ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Gender Specific

BackgroundLipids appear to mediate depressive vulnerability in the elderly, however, sex differences and genetic vulnerability have not been taken into account in previous prospective studies.MethodsDepression was assessed in a population of 1040 women and 752 men aged 65 years and over at baseline and after 7-year follow-up. Clinical level of depression (DEP) was defined as having either a score of 16 and above on the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression scale or a diagnosis of current major depression on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Lipid levels, apolipoprotein E and serotonin transporter linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) genotypes were evaluated at baseline.ResultsMultivariate analyses adjusted by socio-demographic and behavioral variables, measures of physical health including ischemic pathologies, and genetic vulnerability indicated gender-specific associations between dyslipidemia and DEP, independent of the use of lipid lowering agents or apolipoprotein E status. Men with low LDL-cholesterol levels had twice the risk of prevalent and incident DEP whereas in women low HDL-cholesterol levels were found to be significantly associated with increased prevalent DEP (OR = 1.5) only. A significant interaction was observed between low LDL-cholesterol and 5-HTTLPR genotype, men with s/s or s/l genotype being at increased risk of DEP (OR = 6.0 and 2.7, respectively). No significant gene-environment interaction was observed for women.ConclusionsDEP is associated with higher atherogenic risk in women (low HDL-cholesterol), whereas the reverse is observed in men (low LDL-cholesterol). Late-life depression may have a complex gender-specific etiology involving genetic vulnerability in men.

scholarly journals Effect of 3-month treatment of children and adolescents with familial and polygenic hypercholesterolaemia with a soya-substituted diet

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Weghuber ◽  
Kurt Widhalm
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins ◽  
Modified Diet

Soya protein has well-documented beneficial effects on serum lipid levels in adults, the potential beneficial effect of a prolonged soya protein-substituted diet in children and adolescents with familial (FH) and polygenic hypercholesterolaemia (PH) being unknown. To assess the effect of 3 months’ treatment of children and adolescents with FH and PH with a soya-substituted diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins, twenty-three children and adolescents were initially assigned to a standard phase 1 diet for 3 months, after which they were instructed to include soya protein (0·25–0·5 g/kg body weight) into their diet for 3 months. Sixteen patients (ten males and six females, thirteen with FH (eight males and five females), three with PH (two males and one female); mean age 8·8 (sd 4·2) years (range 4–18 years); mean BMI 16·7 (sd 2·6) kg/m2)) completed both phases. The phase 1 diet resulted in a significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and apo B by 12·3, 11·8 and 10·6 %, respectively, HDL-cholesterol, TAG, apo A1 and lipoprotein(a) not being different. Dietary intake of soya protein during phase 2 resulted in a significant decrease of TC, LDL-cholesterol and apo B by 7·7, 6·4, and 12·6 %, respectively. TAG, HDL-cholesterol, apo A1, and lipoprotein(a) did not change significantly. Substitution of soya protein for animal protein in a low-fat, fat-modified diet is of additional benefit in many, but not all, children and adolescents with FH and PH when aiming at lowering serum TC, LDL and apo B. It seems to be a feasible long-term dietary lifestyle intervention and may grant additive benefit in the prevention of early vascular disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Synthetic Truncated Apolipoprotein C-I Peptide on Plasma Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Nonhuman Primates

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Rampratap S. Kushwaha ◽  
Henry C. McGill ◽  
Frederick H. Hausheer
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Synthetic Inhibitor ◽  
Apolipoprotein C ◽  
Inhibitor Peptide ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Baseline Levels

The present studies were conducted to determine whether a synthetic truncated apoC-I peptide that inhibits CETP activity in baboons would raise plasma HDL cholesterol levels in nonhuman primates with low HDL levels. We used 2 cynomolgus monkeys and 3 baboons fed a cholesterol- and fat-enriched diet. In cynomolgus monkeys, we injected synthetic truncated apoC-I inhibitor peptide at a dose of 20 mg/kg and, in baboons, at doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg at weekly intervals. Blood samples were collected 3 times a week and VLDL+LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations were measured. In cynomolgus monkeys, administration of the inhibitor peptide caused a rapid decrease in VLDL+LDL cholesterol concentrations (30%–60%) and an increase in HDL cholesterol concentrations (10%–20%). VLDL+LDL cholesterol concentrations returned to baseline levels in approximately 15 days. In baboons, administration of the synthetic inhibitor peptide caused a decrease in VLDL+LDL cholesterol (20%–60%) and an increase in HDL cholesterol (10%–20%). VLDL+LDL cholesterol returned to baseline levels by day 21, whereas HDL cholesterol concentrations remained elevated for up to 26 days. ApoA-I concentrations increased, whereas apoE and triglyceride concentrations decreased. Subcutaneous and intravenous administrations of the inhibitor peptide had similar effects on LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations. There was no change in body weight, food consumption, or plasma IgG levels of any baboon during the study. These studies suggest that the truncated apoC-I peptide can be used to raise HDL in humans.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN PROFIL LIPID PADA PENDERITA SINDROM KORONER AKUT DI RSUP. PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU PERIODE JANUARI – SEPTEMBER 2015

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Nur Faridah ◽  
Janry A. Pangemanan ◽  
Starry H. Rampengan
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
St Elevation

Abstract: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is due to plaque rupture or erosion of atherosklerosis, including unstable angina pectoris, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. In indonesia, ACS is still regarded as the highest death contributor. One of the risk factors of ACS is dyslipidemia, that is abnormality condition of lipid in blood. Objective: This study aims to determine description of lipid profile in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: This was a descriptive observational method, based on the secondary data from patients in CVBC Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital during January to September 2015. Result: The result showed that from 80 patients of ACS were 37 patients (46,25%) with high total cholsterol levels (≥ 200 mg/dL), 70 patients (87,5%) with low HDL cholesterol levels (≤ 40 - 50 mg/dL), there are 58 patients (72,5%) with high LDL cholesterol levels (> 100 mg/dL) and 32 patients (40%) with high triglycerides levels (≥ 150 mg/dL). Conclusion: Most of ACS patients in this research had high LDL cholesterol levels and low HDL cholesterol levels.Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, dyslipidemia, lipid profileAbstrak: Sindrom koroner Akut ( SKA ) terjadi karena adanya ruptur atau erosi dari plak aterosklerosis, termasuk angina pektoris tidak stabil, non-ST elevasi miokard infark, dan ST elevasi miokard infark. Di Indonesia, SKA masih di anggap sebagai penyumbang angka kematian tertinggi. Salah satu faktor risiko SKA adalah dislipidemia, yaitu berupa gangguan metabolisme lipid. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran profil lipid pada penderita sindrom koroner akut. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari penderita SKA di CVBC RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou periode januari – september 2015. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 80 penderita SKA didapatkan 37 orang (46,25%) adalah penderita yang memiliki kadar kolesterol total tinggi (≥ 200 mg/dL), sebanyak 70 orang (87,5%) memiliki kadar HDL rendah (≤ 40 – 50 mg/dL), adapun yang memiliki kadar LDL tinggi (> 100 mg/dL) yaitu 58 orang (72,5%) dan 32 orang (40%) adalah penderita yang memiliki kadar trigliserida tinggi (≥ 150 mg/dL). Kesimpulan: Penderita sindrom koroner akut dalam penelitian ini sebagian besar memiliki kadar kolesterol LDL yang tinggi dan kadar kolesterol HDL yang rendah.Kata kunci: Sindrom koroner akut, dislipidemia, profil lipid

The Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Serum Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (30) ◽  
pp. 3266-3281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadis Fathizadeh ◽  
Alireza Milajerdi ◽  
Željko Reiner ◽  
Fariba Kolahdooz ◽  
Maryam Chamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Vldl Cholesterol ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Background: The findings of trials investigating the effects of L-carnitine administration on serum lipids are inconsistent. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to summarize the effects of L-carnitine intake on serum lipids in patients and healthy individuals. Methods: Two authors independently searched electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar from 1990 until August 1, 2019, in order to find relevant RCTs. The quality of selected RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Cochrane’s Q test and I-square (I2) statistic were used to determine the heterogeneity across included trials. Weight mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI between the two intervention groups were used to determine pooled effect sizes. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the source of heterogeneity based on suspected variables such as, participant’s health conditions, age, dosage of L-carnitine, duration of study, sample size, and study location between primary RCTs. Results: Out of 3460 potential papers selected based on keywords search, 67 studies met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that L-carnitine administration led to a significant decrease in triglycerides (WMD: -10.35; 95% CI: -16.43, -4.27), total cholesterol (WMD: -9.47; 95% CI: - 13.23, -5.70) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations (WMD: -6.25; 95% CI: -9.30, -3.21), and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (WMD: 1.39; 95% CI: 0.21, 2.57). L-carnitine supplementation did not influence VLDL-cholesterol concentrations. When we stratified studies for the predefined factors such as dosage, and age, no significant effects of the intervention on triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels were found. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that L-carnitine administration significantly reduced triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol levels in the pooled analyses, but did not affect VLDL-cholesterol levels; however, these findings were not confirmed in our subgroup analyses by participant’s health conditions, age, dosage of L-carnitine, duration of study, sample size, and study location.

THE EFFECTS OF NICOTINIC ACID ON BLOOD LIPIDS IN PATIENTS WITH LOW HDL-CHOLESTEROL AND NORMAL TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Squire ◽  
G. T. Gau ◽  
B. A. Kottke ◽  
T. D. Miller ◽  
T. G. Allison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Hdl

scholarly journals A Novel Mutant, ApoA-I Nichinan (Glu235→0), Is Associated With Low HDL Cholesterol Levels and Decreased Cholesterol Efflux From Cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1447-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Han ◽  
Jun Sasaki ◽  
Akira Matsunaga ◽  
Hideki Hakamata ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Hdl

scholarly journals Reduced risk of dyslipidaemia with oolong tea consumption: a population-based study in southern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 1421-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deqing Yi ◽  
Xuerui Tan ◽  
Zhiguo Zhao ◽  
Yingmu Cai ◽  
Yiming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Oolong Tea ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Experimental studies have suggested that tea consumption could lower the risk of dyslipidaemia. However, epidemiological evidence is limited, especially in southern China, where oolong tea is the most widely consumed beverage. We conducted a population-based case–control study to evaluate the association between consumption of tea, especially oolong tea, and risk of dyslipidaemia in Shantou, southern China, from 2010 to 2011. Information on tea consumption, lifestyle characteristics and food consumption frequency of 1651 patients with newly diagnosed dyslipidaemia and 1390 controls was obtained using a semi-quantitative questionnaire. Anthropometric variables and serum biochemical indices were determined. Drinking more than 600 ml (2 paos) of green, oolong or black tea daily was found to be associated with the lowest odds of dyslipidaemia risk (P< 0·001) when compared with non-consumption, but only oolong tea consumption was found to be associated with low HDL-cholesterol levels. A dose–response relationship between duration of tea consumption and risk of dyslipidaemia (OR 0·10, 95 % CI 0·06, 0·16), as well as that between amount of dried tea leaves brewed and risk of dyslipidaemia (OR 0·34, 95 % CI 0·24, 0·48), was found. Moreover, consumption of oolong tea for the longest duration was found to be associated with 3·22, 11·99 and 6·69 % lower blood total cholesterol, TAG and LDL-cholesterol levels, respectively. In conclusion, the present study indicates that long-term oolong tea consumption may be associated with a lower risk of dyslipidaemia in the population of Shantou in southern China.

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