Effect of craniotomy on oxidative stress and its effect on plasma l-carnitine levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 913-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-ting Li ◽  
Zhen-huan Zhao ◽  
Hai-yan Ding ◽  
Le-xin Wang ◽  
Yu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
The Impact

Objective: to investigate the impact of craniotomy on oxidative stress and its effect on levels of plasma l-carnitine (LC). Methods: plasma levels of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in 34 patients (26 males and 8 females, mean age 47.7 ± 6.7 years) before and after craniotomy. Plasma levels of LC, acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC), and propionyl-l-carnitine (PLC) were also measured before and after the craniotomy. Results: the plasma concentrations of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and T-AOC within the first 4 h after craniotomy were lower than their baseline values (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean plasma levels of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, or T-AOC between the baseline and 24 h post-operative values. The level of TBARS at 4 h after the craniotomy was lower than the pre-operative level (P < 0.05), but the 24 h post-operative value was similar to the baseline concentration (P > 0.05). Plasma levels of LC, ALC, and PLC were lower after the craniotomy (P < 0.05), but these levels returned to the baseline levels 24 h after the operation. Conclusions: craniotomy and the associated procedures for surgery/anesthesia temporarily reduce antioxidant activity and plasma levels of l-carnitine.

scholarly journals Buprenorphine and Methadone as Opioid Maintenance Treatments for Heroin-Addicted Patients Induce Oxidative Stress in Blood

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christonikos Leventelis ◽  
Nikolaos Goutzourelas ◽  
Aikaterini Kortsinidou ◽  
Ypatios Spanidis ◽  
Georgia Toulia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Beneficial Action ◽  
The Impact

Buprenorphine and methadone are two substances widely used in the substitution treatment of patients who are addicted to opioids. Although it is known that they partly act efficiently towards this direction, there is no evidence regarding their effects on the redox status of patients, a mechanism that could potentially improve their action. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to examine the impact of buprenorphine and methadone, which are administered as substitutes to heroin-dependent patients on specific redox biomarkers in the blood. From the results obtained, both the buprenorphine (n=21) and the methadone (n=21) groups exhibited oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant defence. This was evident by the decreased glutathione (GSH) concentration and catalase activity in erythrocytes and the increased concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in the plasma, while there was no significant alteration of plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to the healthy individuals (n=29). Furthermore, methadone revealed more severe oxidant action compared to buprenorphine. Based on relevant studies, the tested substitutes mitigate the detrimental effects of heroin on patient redox status; still it appears that they need to be boosted. Therefore, concomitant antioxidant administration could potentially enhance their beneficial action, and most probably, buprenorphine that did not induce oxidative stress in such a severe mode as methadone, on the regulation of blood redox status.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy and plasma adipokines level in patients with colorectal cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Słomian ◽  
Elżbieta Świętochowska ◽  
Grzegorz Nowak ◽  
Krystyna Pawlas ◽  
Aleksandra Żelazko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Palliative Chemotherapy ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Adipokines are molecules produced and secreted by adipose tissue and are linked to multiple malignancies. Adipokines can suppress or promote particular cell behaviors in different types of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of chemotherapy on select adipokines in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).Blood samples were collected from 42 patients with pathologically documented advanced CRC, who required palliative chemotherapy. Leptin, adiponectin, resistin and visfatin levels were measured by ELISA before and 3 months after the administration of chemotherapy. Among the 42 patients evaluated, 18 achieved a partial response (PR), 16 achieved stable disease (SD) and 8 patients experienced disease progression (PD).We found that 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens significantly increased plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin and decreased plasma levels of resistin and visfatin in PR and SD patients, whereas the plasma levels of these molecules were not affected in PD patients. Furthermore, the mean plasma levels of leptin were significantly lower, and the mean plasma levels of resistin and visfatin were significantly greater in patients with PD compared with PR and SD both before and after chemotherapy treatment.We conclude that palliative chemotherapy in CRC patients, in addition to providing clinical benefits, positively affects cytokine production and secretion in PR and SD patients. Specifically, we found that palliative chemotherapy increased plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin and decreased the plasma levels of visfatin and resistin, molecules known to promote angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation in PR and SD patients. Moreover, the baseline values of leptin, visfatin and resistin might serve as prognostic indicators of a poor response to chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Effects of a smoking ban on clozapine plasma concentrations in a nonsecure psychiatric unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhan H. Gee ◽  
David M. Taylor ◽  
Sukhwinder S. Shergill ◽  
Robert Flanagan ◽  
James H. MacCabe
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Smoking Ban ◽  
Clozapine Dose ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Open Wards ◽  
Smoke Tobacco

Background: Tobacco smoke is known to affect plasma levels of some drugs, including the antipsychotic clozapine. The effects of suddenly stopping smoking on patients who take clozapine can be severe, as plasma concentrations are expected to rapidly rise, potentially leading to toxicity. A ban on smoking at South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) was implemented in 2014, and this was expected to affect the plasma concentrations of clozapine for inpatients at the time. This study aimed to determine whether plasma concentrations of clozapine were affected, and additionally, in line with observations from other authors, whether levels of reported violence would also be affected. Methods: The smoking habits of all patients at SLaM who smoked and were prescribed clozapine were recorded both before and after the ban. The Glasgow Antipsychotic Side Effect Scale for Clozapine (GASS-C) scale was used to evaluate side-effect burden. Clozapine doses and plasma concentrations were also collected. Results: In total, 31 patients were included in this study. The mean clozapine dose before the ban was 502 mg/day, and this did not change significantly after the ban. Similarly, there were no significant changes in clozapine or norclozapine plasma concentrations, or in GASS-C scores. There was no change in the amount of tobacco patients reported smoking before or after the ban. A modest but statistically significant reduction in violent incidences was observed. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a ban on smoking for patients taking clozapine on open wards at inpatient hospital sites had little impact on clozapine plasma concentrations, because patients continued to smoke tobacco if allowed to leave. Smoking bans may result in a reduction in violent incidences.

scholarly journals In vitro susceptibility of duck, chicken, and pig erythrocyte lipids to peroxidation

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 10 - 11) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gradinski-Vrbanac ◽  
Z. Stojevič ◽  
S. Milinkovič-Tur ◽  
T. Balenovič ◽  
J. Piršljin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Erythrocyte Suspension ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Erythrocyte Lipid

The susceptibility of erythrocyte lipid to in vitro peroxidation as measured by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in whole blood and erythrocyte suspension before and after incubation with hydrogen peroxide was assessed in ducks, chickens and pigs. A high susceptibility of erythrocytes to peroxidation in vitro was observed in all animals tested, but this susceptibility was of different intensity. Pig erythrocytes exhibited the lowest resistance to oxidative stress in vitro as compared with that in ducks (P &lt; 0.01) and chickens (P &lt; 0.02). A high level of GSH in the erythrocytes of ducks and chickens offers higher resistance to oxidative stress in comparison with that in the pig erythrocytes.

scholarly journals Antioxidant supplementation and exercise-induced oxidative stress in the 60-year-old as measured by antipyrine hydroxylates

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin P. Meijor ◽  
Annelies H. C. Goris ◽  
Joan Senden ◽  
Joost L. J. van Dongen ◽  
Aalt Bast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Workload Capacity ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Β Carotene

The effects of 12 weeks of antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress were investigated in older adults (60 (SE 1) YEARS; BMI 26 (se 1) kg/m2). Subjects were randomly divided in two groups: supplementation (n 11) with 100 mg dl-α-tocopheryl acetate, 200 mg ascorbic acid, and 2 mg β-carotene, and placebo (n 9). Before and after the 12 week supplementation period, subjects cycled for 45 min at submaximal intensity (50 % maximal workload capacity). Antipyrine was used as marker for oxidative stress. Antipyrine reacts quickly with hydroxyl radicals to form para- and ortho-hydroxyantipyrine. The latter metabolite is not formed in man through the mono-oxygenase pathway of cytochrome P450. Daily supplementation significantly increased plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in the supplemented group (Δ 14·4 (se 3·2) and 0·4 (se 0·1) μmol/l; P<0·001 and P<0·01). No significant differences, within and between groups, were observed in the exercise-induced increase in the ratios para- and ortho-hydroxyantipyrine to antipyrine. In addition, supplementation did not affect the exercise-induced increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in plasma. In conclusion, in 60-year-old subjects antioxidant supplementation had no effect on the exercise-induced increase in oxidative stress as measured by free radical products of antipyrine.

Flunarizine Effects on Oxidative Stress in Migraine Patients

Cephalalgia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Ciancarelli ◽  
MG Tozzi-Ciancarelli ◽  
C Di Massimo ◽  
C Marini ◽  
A Carolei
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Oxidative Reactions ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Before And After

Prophylactic activity of flunarizine in migraine is attributed to its antioxidant properties and to the relief of cerebral vasospasm in which nitric oxide (NO) is involved. We investigated the antimigraine activity of flunarizine and its influence on NO and oxidative marker bioavailability in 25 subjects suffering from migraine without aura and in 25 healthy controls. Urinary samples collected before and after treatment with flunarizine (5 mg orally per day for 6 months) were assayed for NO stable metabolites (NOx) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Urinary levels of NOx and TBARS were higher in migraine sufferers before treatment than in healthy controls. No differences were observed in NOx levels in migraine sufferers, before and after flunarizine treatment; urinary TBARS levels were decreased after flunarizine treatment ( P < 0.05) and remained persistently higher than in healthy controls ( P < 0.05). Our results suggest that flunarizine did not prevent NO-mediated vasodilatation, while it proved effective in limiting the oxidative reactions occurring in migraine sufferers.

Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCrohan ◽  
S W Huang ◽  
J W Sleasman ◽  
P A Klein ◽  
K J Kao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.

Association Between Magnesium and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-748
Author(s):  
Ana R.S. de Oliveira ◽  
Kyria J.C. Cruz ◽  
Jennifer B.S. Morais ◽  
Juliana S. Severo ◽  
Jéssica B. Beserra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Magnesium Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
And Control

Background: The role of minerals in preventing the generation of oxidative stress in obese individuals has been evaluated. Magnesium is an antioxidant nutrient and a cofactor of enzymes involved in the cell membrane stabilization, attenuating the effects of oxidative stress. Objective: To evaluate the association between magnesium and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in patients with obesity and eutrophic women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 73 women, divided into two groups: case group (patients with obesity, n=27) and control group (eutrophic women, n=46). Measurements of body mass index and waist circumference were performed. Dietary magnesium intake was assessed by the three-day food record using the NutWin software. Urinary magnesium concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also determined. Results: Mean values of dietary magnesium intake were 161.59 ± 60.04 and 158.73 ± 31.96 for patients with obesity and control group, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups studied (p >0.05). The value of urinary excretion of magnesium was lower than the reference values in both groups, with no significant difference between the groups studied (p >0.05). The plasma concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was significantly higher in patients with obesity compared to the control group (p <0.001). There was no correlation between levels of magnesium biomarkers and the concentration of TBARS (p >0.05). Conclusion: Patients with obesity showed a reduced dietary magnesium intake which seems to induce hypomagnesuria as a compensatory mechanism. The marker of oxidative stress evaluated in this study was not influenced by magnesium.

Evidences of Brain Plasticity and Motor Control Modulation after Hemodialysis Session by Helixone Membrane: BOLD-fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-477
Author(s):  
Saïd Boujraf ◽  
Rachida Belaïch ◽  
Abdelkhalek Housni ◽  
Badreeddine Alami ◽  
Tariq Skalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Bold Fmri ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Functional Control ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the impact of hemodialysis (HD) using synthetic Helixone membrane on brain functional control reorganization and plasticity in the cortical area generated while Oxidative Stress (OS) would be the main impacting agent. Methods: Indeed, 9 chronic HD patients underwent identical brain BOLD-fMRI assessment using the motor paradigm immediately before and after the same HD sessions. To assess the oxidative stress, the same patients underwent biological-assessment, including Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Total- Antioxidant-Activity (TAOA) reported in earlier papers. Results: BOLD-fMRI maps of motor areas obtained from HD-patients before and after HD sessions revealed a significant enhancement of activation volume of the studied motor cortex after HD reflecting brain plasticity. Results were correlated with OS assessed by the measurement of MDA and TAOA; this correlation was close to 1. Conclusion: Indeed, HD enhances the inflammatory state of brain tissues reflected by the increased OS. The functional brain reaction demonstrated a functional activity reorganization to overcome the inflammatory state and OS enhanced by HD process. This functional activity reorganization reveals brain plasticity induced by OS originated by HD.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of the Isoflavonoids from the Roots of Maackia amurensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezda I. Kulesh ◽  
Sergey A. Fedoreyev ◽  
Marina V. Veselova ◽  
Natalia P. Mischenko ◽  
Vladimir A. Denisenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Formalin Injection ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Maackia Amurensis

Seven isoflavonoids, including a new glycoside, (6a R,11a R)-medicarpin-3- O-gentiobioside (6), were isolated from the roots of Maackia amurensis using repeated column chromatography on a Toyopearl HW-50F sorbent and identified by HPLC–PDA–MS, 1H NMR, 13C, 1H–1H COSY, HSQC NMR and HMBC NMR analyses as daidzin (1), genistein-7- O-gentiobioside (2), pseudobaptigenin-7- O-gentiobioside (3), formononetin-7- O-gentiobioside (4), (6a R,11a R)-maackiain-3- O-gentiobioside (5), and 5- O-methylgenistein-7- O-gentiobioside (7). In the model of oxidative stress induced by formalin injection, the isolated isoflavone and pterocarpan glucosides 1-7 were shown to reduce the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and other thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPO) activity in rats.

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