scholarly journals Invariance of the fine structure constant with temperature of the expanding universe

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1551-1554
Author(s):  
Cláudio Nassif ◽  
A.C. Amaro de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Expanding Universe ◽  
Cosmological Time ◽  
Doubly Special Relativity ◽  
Background Temperature ◽  
Planck Energy

Our goal is to interpret the energy equation from doubly special relativity of Magueijo–Smolin with an invariant Planck energy scale to obtain the speed of light with an explicit dependence on the background temperature of the expanding universe (Nassif and de Faria. Phys. Rev. D, 86, 027703 (2012). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.86.027703 ). We also investigate how other universal constants, including the fine structure constant, have varied since the early universe and, thus, how they have evolved over the cosmological time related to the temperature of the expanding universe. For instance, we show that both the Planck constant and the electron charge were also too large in the early universe. However, we finally conclude that the fine structure constant has remained invariant with the age and temperature of the universe, which is in agreement with laboratory tests and some observational data.

scholarly journals Variation of the fundamental constants over the cosmological time: veracity of Dirac’s intriguing hypothesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Nassif ◽  
A.C. Amaro de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Cosmological Time ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

We investigate how the universal constants, including the fine structure constant, have varied since the early universe close to the Planck energy scale (EP ∼ 1019 GeV) and, thus, how they have evolved over the cosmological time related to the temperature of the expanding universe. According to a previous paper (Nassif and Amaro de Faria, Jr. Phys. Rev. D, 86, 027703 (2012). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.86.027703), we have shown that the speed of light was much higher close to the Planck scale. In the present work, we will go further, first by showing that both the Planck constant and the electron charge were also too large in the early universe. However, we conclude that the fine structure constant (α ≅ 1/137) has remained invariant with the age and temperature of the universe, which is in agreement with laboratory tests and some observational data. Furthermore, we will obtain the divergence of the electron (or proton) mass and also the gravitational constant (G) at the Planck scale. Thus, we will be able to verify the veracity of Dirac’s belief about the existence of “coincidences” between dimensionless ratios of subatomic and cosmological quantities, leading to a variation of G with time, that is, the ratio of the electrostatic to gravitational forces between an electron and a proton (∼1041) is roughly equal to the age of the universe divided by an elementary time constant, so that the strength of gravity, as determined by G, must vary inversely with time in the approximation of lower temperature or for times very far from the early period, to compensate for the time-variation of the Hubble parameter (H ∼ t−1). In short, we will show the validity of Dirac’s hypothesis only for times very far from the early period or T ≪ TP (∼1032 K).

scholarly journals Early-universe constraints on a time-varying fine structure constant

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Avelino ◽  
S. Esposito ◽  
G. Mangano ◽  
C. J. A. P. Martins ◽  
A. Melchiorri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Time Varying

scholarly journals Planck frequencies as Schelling points in SETI

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-455
Author(s):  
Jason T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Frequency Comb ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
Planck Energy ◽  
Better Than

AbstractIn SETI, when searching for ‘beacons’ – transmissions intended for us and meant to get our attention – one must guess the appropriate frequency to search by considering what frequencies would be universally obvious to other species. This is a well-known concept in game theory, where such solutions to a non-communicative cooperative game (such as a mutual search) are called ‘Schelling points’. It is noteworthy, therefore, that when developing his eponymous units, Planck called them ‘natural’ because they ‘remain meaningful for all times and also for extraterrestrial and non-human cultures’. Here, I apply Planck's suggestion in the context of Schelling points in SETI with a ‘Planck Frequency Comb’, constructed by multiplying the Planck energy by integer powers of the fine structure constant. This comb includes a small number of frequencies in regions of the electromagnetic spectrum where laser and radio SETI typically operates. Searches might proceed and individual teeth in the comb, or at many teeth at once, across the electromagnetic spectrum. Indeed, the latter strategy can be additionally justified by the transmitter's desire to signal at many frequencies at once, to improve the chances that the receiver will guess one of them correctly. There are many arbitrary and anthropocentric choices in this comb's construction, and indeed one can construct several different frequency combs with only minor and arbitrary modifications. This suggests that it may be fruitful to search for signals arriving in frequency combs of arbitrary spacing. And even though the frequencies suggested here are only debatably ‘better’ than others proposed, the addition of the Planck Frequency Comb to the list of ‘magic frequencies’ can only help searches for extraterrestrial beacons.

scholarly journals Spectra of Distant Quasars and Verification of Possible Variation of Fundamental Constants over Cosmological Time-Scales

1994 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 361-362
Author(s):  
D.A. Varshalovich ◽  
A.Y. Potekhin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Cosmological Time ◽  
Proton Mass ◽  
Variation Rate

Constraints on possible variation rate of the fine-structure constant, , and the electron-proton mass ratio , over cosmological time scales are obtained from analyses of quasar spectroscopic data.

Was the fine-structure constant variable over cosmological time?

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 69002 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Thong ◽  
N. M. Giao ◽  
N. T. Hung ◽  
T. V. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Cosmological Time
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