PARALLEL STUDIES OF COMPLEMENT AND BLOOD COAGULATION VIII. THE EFFECT OF CHOLINE AND METHIONINE ON THE CHANGES INDUCED IN GUINEA PIGS BY THE INJECTION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Christine E. Rice ◽  
Paul Boulanger ◽  
P. J. G. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Repeated Injection ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Complement Components

A marked prolongation of the two-stage clotting time of the plasma was produced in guinea pigs by the repeated injection of small weekly doses of carbon tetrachloride. Ac-globulin (labile factor), as well as fibrinogen and prothrombin, was reduced. A significant fall in whole complement titer also occurred; of the four major complement components, C′ 2 and C′ 3 were the most affected. Subsequent and concurrent daily feedings of choline chloride or methionine reduced the clotting time of the plasma of certain of the carbon tetrachloride treated animals but not to normal levels; they had no significant influence on complement titer. Previous and concurrent daily feedings of choline chloride ameliorated the fatty liver condition and gave some protection against the decrease in the coagulability of the blood induced by the drug; the decline in complement titer was not prevented. Ethionine augmented the changes induced by carbon tetrachloride.

PARALLEL STUDIES OF COMPLEMENT AND BLOOD COAGULATION IX. THE EFFECT OF METHIONINE, CHOLINE, AND CYSTINE ON THE CHANGES INDUCED BY ETHIONINE

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-357
Author(s):  
Christine E. Rice ◽  
Paul Boulanger ◽  
P. J. G. Plummer ◽  
E. Annau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Fatty Livers

Fatty livers were produced in guinea pigs by the repeated feeding or injection of ethionine; the acinar cells of the pancreas were also affected in some of the animals. Marked changes in plasma coagulability always occurred as well as a definite reduction in complement titer in which two or more of the major complement components were involved. Methionine displayed some protective effect against the fatty liver induced by the ethionine and was partially effective in controlling the coagulative changes and the decline in complement titer. In some animals, choline likewise ameliorated these conditions, whereas cystine tended to aggravate them. A combination of cystine and choline was more effective than choline alone.

Effect of Purified Vipera Palestinae Hemorrhagin on Blood Coagulation and Platelet Function

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 482-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Grotto ◽  
Z Jerushalmy ◽  
A de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Normal Platelet Count ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Adp Release

SummaryPurified Vipera palestinae hemorrhagin (VPH) impairs thrombin formation, fibrinogen clottability, FSF activity, platelet clot retracting activity, ADP- and connective tissue-induced platelet aggregation and connective tissue - induced platelet ADP release. The effects of VPH became manifest or increased in intensity on incubation with the respective substrates prior to measurement of their activities. Inactivation of the VPH protease by DFP resulted in complete abolishment of the first four and partial inhibition of the last two of the above VPH activities.Administration of VPH to guinea pigs caused widespread hemorrhages, associated with moderate hypofibrinogenemia but normal platelet count, clotting time and clot retraction. DFP-treated VPH caused hemorrhage without hypofibrinogenemia.

THE HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME OF ACUTE IONIZING RADIATION ILLNESS PRODUCED IN GOATS AND SWINE BY EXPOSURE TO THE ATOMIC BOMB AT BIKINI, 1946

Blood ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. CRONKITE
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Coagulation Time

Abstract 1. The hemorrhagic syndrome of acute radiation illness in goats and swine has been described. This syndrome is predominantly a result of a combination of "increased vascular fragility" and thrombopenia. Infrequently, a blood coagulalation defect characterized by a prolonged clotting time due to a circulating anticoagulant with heparin-like properties appears, thus confirming under some conditions in goats and swine the work of Allen on "heparinemia" in irradiated dogs. 2. The prolonged blood coagulation time appeared only in fatally irradiated goats and swine. 3. Evidence was presented suggesting that serum fibrinolysins may have been activated. 4. It is concluded on the basis of this work and that of others that a hemorrhagic syndrome can develop in irradiated dogs, goats, swine, rats, chickens and guinea pigs without the appearance of a prolonged clotting time and without a detectible "heparinemia." The biologically most universal phenomena observed in the hemorrhagic syndrome of radiation illness appear to be: (a) increased vascular fragility, (b) thrombopenia, and (c) ulcerations.

Automation of Two-Stage Factor VIII Assay

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 455-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Stirling ◽  
D J Howarth ◽  
Marguerite Vickers ◽  
W R S North ◽  
T W Meade
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Laboratory Error ◽  
Premature Closure ◽  
Factor Viii Concentrates ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Automated Methods

SummaryTwo automated methods for two-stage factor VIII assays have been compared with one another, and evaluated in practice. The Depex method records the clotting time when an electric circuit is completed by the formation of a fibrin thread across a hook-type electrode; the Electra method is based on an optical density technique of clot detection. The two methods gave comparable results for measured levels of factor VIII when haemophilic or “normal” plasmas were assayed. Results from the two methods in practice also suggest that both are valid at low and “normal” factor VIII levels. The Electra method is also probably suitable for assays of concentrates; however, the Depex method appears to give falsely high values in these circumstances, and experimental findings suggest that the reason may be that increased viscosity due to the high fibrinogen levels in factor VIII concentrates causes premature closure of the circuit between the two ends of the Depex electrode. The main advantage of the Depex method is that, provided 3 or 4 machines are available, a given number of assays can be completed more quickly than on Electra. The main advantages of Electra are that it is probably subject to less laboratory error than Depex, and that it is suitable for assaying concentrates as well as haemophilic and “normal” plasmas.

Effect of Temperature, Velocity Gradient and I.V. Heparin on in Vitro Blood Coagulation and Platelet Aggregation

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dintenfass ◽  
M. C Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

SummaryA study of blood coagulation was carried out by observing changes in the blood viscosity of blood coagulating in the cone-in-cone viscometer. The clots were investigated by microscopic techniques.Immediately after blood is obtained by venepuncture, viscosity of blood remains constant for a certain “latent” period. The duration of this period depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the blood sample, but also on temperature and rate of shear used during blood storage. An increase of temperature decreases the clotting time ; also, an increase in the rate of shear decreases the clotting time.It is confirmed that morphological changes take place in blood coagula as a function of the velocity gradient at which such coagulation takes place. There is a progressive change from the red clot to white thrombus as the rates of shear increase. Aggregation of platelets increases as the rate of shear increases.This pattern is maintained with changes of temperature, although aggregation of platelets appears to be increased at elevated temperatures.Intravenously added heparin affects the clotting time and the aggregation of platelets in in vitro coagulation.

THE EFFECT OF EARLY BLOOD TRANSFUSION ON THE OUTCOME OF GASTROINTESTINAL HAEMORRHAGE

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S D Blair ◽  
S B Javanvrin ◽  
C N McCollum ◽  
R M Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Prospective Randomised Trial ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

It has been suggested that mortality due to upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage may be reduced by restricting blood transfusion [1], We have assessed whether this is due to an anticoagulant effect in a prospective randomised trial.One hundred patients with severe, acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage were randomised to receive either at least 2 units of blood during the first 24 hours of admission, or no blood unless their haemaglobin was lessthan 8g/dl or they were shocked. Minor bleeds and varices were excluded As hypercoagulation cannot be measured using conventional coagulation tests, fresh whole blood coagulation was measured by the Biobridge Impedance Clotting Time (ICT). Coagulation was assessed at 24 hour intervals and compared to age matched controls with the results expressed as mean ± sem.The ICT on admission for the transfusion group (n=50) was 3.2±0.2 mins compared to 10±0.2 mins in controls. This hyper-coagulable state was partially reversed to 6.4±0.3 mins at 24 hours (p<0.001). The 50 allocated to receive no blood had a similar ICT on admission of 4.4±0.4 mins but the hypercoagulable state was maintained with ICT at 24 hours of 4.320.4 mins. Only 2 patients not transfused rebled compared to 15 in the early transfusion group (p<0.001). Five patients died, and they were all in the early transfusion group.These findings show there is a hypercoagulable response to haemorrhage which is partially reversed by blood transfusion leading to rebleeding

PARALLEL STUDIES OF COMPLEMENT AND COAGULATION IV. EFFECT OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Christine E. Rice ◽  
Paul Boulanger ◽  
P. J. G. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Complement Activity

To determine whether liver injury would result in a parallel decline in the complement titer and coagulative properties of the blood, groups of guinea pigs were given series of injections of the liver poison, carbon tetrachloride. Marked fatty degeneration of the liver, a decline in total serum protein and albumin, a decrease in complement activity, and a prolongation of coagulation time was observed in the treated animals. A general relationship was noted between the albumin-globulin ratio and the complement titer of the serum and between the complement titer and the coagulation time of the plasma.

Effects of intravenous administration of a fat emulsion on blood coagulation in dogs

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison H. Shoulders ◽  
Robert C. Hartmann ◽  
H. C. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Fibrinogen Concentration ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Clot Retraction ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Abnormal Bleeding

A fat emulsion prepared for intravenous administration has been studied with regard to its effect upon blood coagulation in dogs. The most characteristic effects found during intravenous infusion of this material at a rate of 1 ml/min. were thrombocytopenia and marked shortening of clotting time. These effects were invariably observed in animals which had not previously received the emulsion. When subsequent infusions were given within 3 hours, no significant changes were observed. When the interval was extended to 1–13 days, variable responses occurred, at times characterized by pronounced hypocoagulability. If the repeat infusion was given 2 weeks or more after the initial one, the effects were similar to those observed during the first infusion. The prothrombin and thrombin clotting times and plasma fibrinogen concentration were not greatly altered during the infusion. Abnormal bleeding time, ‘prothrombin utilization’ and clot retraction accompanied the thrombocytopenia.

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