THE INADEQUACY OF UNMODIFIED POTATO STARCH AS DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE FOR THE ALBINO RAT

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohdan Jelinek ◽  
Mitsuru C. Katayama ◽  
Alfred E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Food Residue ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Unmodified (raw) potato starch was poorly utilized, whereas unmodified corn starch and wheat starch were almost completely digested by the rat. The ingestion of unmodified potato starch caused a distention of the caecum and intestines. This enlargement resulted from the accumulation of food residue in the caecum and the consequent formation of gas from fermentation. The utilization of unmodified potato starch was not appreciably improved by the inclusion of either lactose or sucrose in the ration. However, the utilization of potato starch by the rat was improved when the starch was heated in an autoclave at 120° C, in a dry oven at 145° C, or was finely ground. During digestion studies performed in vitro with pancreatin pronounced hydrolysis of both corn starch and wheat starch occurred, but hydrolysis of unmodified potato starch was very slight. Ground potato starch was hydrolyzed very rapidly. The low digestibility of unmodified potato starch was attributed to the resistance of the outermost layer or layers of the granules to attack by alpha-amylase.

Polysaccharide source altered ecological network, functional profile, and short-chain fatty acid production in a porcine gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Long ◽  
S. de Vries ◽  
K. Venema
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Ecological Network ◽  
Functional Profile ◽  
Vitro Model

Several validated dynamic in vitro models of the colon have been developed for humans, but there is no dynamic in vitro fermentation model for pigs. This study was conducted to modify the human, dynamic, computer-controlled TNO in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2) for pigs and investigate effects of different starch sources and polysaccharides on swine microbiota structure, ecological network, predictive functional profile, and short-chain fatty acids production. Our study showed that three different types of starch or two polysaccharides greatly impacted microbiota composition. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that microbiota fed with different sources of starch changed the network topological properties. Functional profiles were predicted to vary significantly among the three starch treatments, and the original pig faecal inoculum was more similar to maize starch treatment. On the other hand, compared with maize starch and arabinoxylans (AX), the microbial composition of the original inoculum was more similar when AX-XG (arabinoxylans and xyloglucan) were added, and the functional profile of the original inoculum also clustered with AX-XG. The cumulative production of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid on maize starch were significantly higher than those on potato starch and wheat starch, while only the amount of acetic acid was significant higher on AX-XG than that on AX. In conclusion, supplementation of maize starch as the starch source together with AX and XG, leads to the bacteria being more stable in the in vitro model and closer to the original inoculum and microbial function compared to potato starch, wheat starch and AX. A maize basal diet may improve energy absorption in the large intestine in growing pigs.

Effect of Plant Starch on the Production of Glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1502-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hong Liang ◽  
Gong Ling Zhao ◽  
Zu Feng Guo ◽  
Yu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Glucoamylase Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sweet Potato Starch

Abstract. Glucoamylase is an inducible enzyme and generally induced in the presence of starch. Corn starch, wheat starch, sweet potato starch and potato starch were used as the carbon sources to produce the glucoamylase by A. niger FJL0801. The results showed that the maximum glucoamylase activity was 594.511.7 U/mL when 4% sweet potato starch was used as the carbon source, its enzyme activity was increased by 34.9% than potato starch, by 17.2% than wheat starch and by 4.6% than corn starch. In the four media, the adaptive phage of A. niger FJL0801 were all 0-12 h, the logarithmic growth phase all 12-60 h, and the stationary phase all 60-192 h. The maximum biomass of the strain was 1.950.09 μg/mL in the corn starch medium. The glucoamylase activity was inversely proportional to the growth rate of A. niger FJL0801. The final pH value was all within 6.960.057.110.07 in the four midia. There was no significant difference at 0.05 probability level between the pH of the four media at the same fermentation time. The pH change was not the reason for glucoamylase activity by A. niger FJL0801 used different plant starch.

scholarly journals The effect of potato starch derived and corn starch derived hydroxyethyl starch on in vitro blood coagulation

Anaesthesia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jamnicki ◽  
A. Zollinger ◽  
B. Seifert ◽  
D. Popovic ◽  
T. Pasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch

scholarly journals Removal of Lead, Cadmium, and Aluminum Sulfate from Simulated and Real Water with Native and Oxidized Starches

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-453
Author(s):  
Konstantin B. L. Borchert ◽  
Rahma Boughanmi ◽  
Berthold Reis ◽  
Philipp Zimmermann ◽  
Christine Steinbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Sulfate Salt ◽  
Oxidized Starch ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Waxy Corn ◽  
Natural Water Bodies ◽  
Dangerous Level

The separation of toxic pollutants such as Pb2+, Cd2+, and Al3+ from water is a constant challenge as contamination of natural water bodies is increasing. Al3+ and especially Pb2+ and Cd2+ are ecotoxic and highly toxic for humans, even in ppb concentrations, and therefore removal below a dangerous level is demanding. Herein, the potential adsorber material starch, being ecofriendly, cheap, and abundantly available, was investigated. Thus, four different native starch samples (potato, corn, waxy corn, and wheat starch) and two oxidized starches (oxidized potato and corn starch) were comprehensively analyzed with streaming potential and charge density measurements, SEM-EDX, ATR-FTIR, 1H-NMR, and TGA. Subsequently, the starch samples were tested for the adsorption of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Al3+ from the respective sulfate salt solution. The adsorption process was analyzed by ICP-OES and SEM-EDX, and the adsorption isotherms were fitted comparing Langmuir, Sips, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. Oxidized starch, for which chemical modification is one of the simplest, and also native potato starch were excellent natural adsorber materials for Al3+, Cd2+, and especially Pb2+ in the low concentration range, exhibiting maximum adsorption capacities of 84, 71, and 104 µmol/g for oxidized potato starch, respectively.

In vitro Alpha glucosidase and Aldolase reductase Inhibitory activity of Holoptelea integrifolia

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Mansuri Sajid ◽  
Raksha Goswami ◽  
Jain Neetesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Coordinated investigation of characteristic antidiabetic specialists with attendant disposal of poisonous impacts is the objective in diabetes treatment. The clinical result of foundational treatment lies on controlled oral hypoglycemic specialists by assessing the administrative impact on amylase and glucosidase movement and doing generally less unfriendly impact to the patient. Diabetes mellitus is a shocking problem and prompts different other metabolic issue. It is assessed that yearly occurrence rate will keep on expanding later on around the world. Diabetes includes with the advancement of miniature and full scale vascular diabetic difficulties. In people glucose resistance impedes preceding development beginning of hyperglycemia and is generally utilized as a clinical file to anticipate the possibility of creating diabetes. The goal of our examination is to research the hypoglycemic impacts in the fluid concentrates of okra seed and strip. Glucosidase are a gathering of stomach related catalysts which separate the dietary starches into straightforward monosaccharide. Glucosidase inhibitors, for example, acarbose lessen the pace of sugar assimilation and defer the starch ingestion from the stomach related lot. Accordingly, they can possibly forestall the improvement of type II diabetes mellitus by bringing down the after supper glucose levels. In monosaccharide glucose can be promptly assimilated from the gastrointestinal plot into the circulation system after the hydrolysis of glycosidic securities in absorbable sugar nourishments containing starch by the protein alpha amylase. Hindrance of these catalysts diminished the high post prandial blood glucose tops in diabetics. In this investigation, alpha amylase hindrance In-Vitro model was utilized to screen.

Effect of calcium chloride on the structure and in vitro hydrolysis of heat induced whey protein and wheat starch composite gels

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Yang ◽  
Jie Luan ◽  
John Ashton ◽  
Elisabeth Gorczyca ◽  
Stefan Kasapis
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Composite Gels ◽  
In Vitro Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Research and Development of Maltodextrin Production Technology for the Dairy Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-629
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Fedorova ◽  
Oksana Kozlova ◽  
Anatoliy Slavyanskiy ◽  
Natalya Velichkovich ◽  
Violetta Le
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Dextrose Equivalent ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Introduction. Maltodextrins are a common dietary supplement with a number of positive properties. They consist of D-glucose units connected by a (1–4) glucoside bond. The research objective was to improve the existing technology of maltodextrin production based on potato and corn starch. Study objects and methods. Maltodextrins were obtained by enzymatic and acidic incomplete hydrolysis of potato and corn starch. Amilolux ATS and Glucolux A were used for enzyme hydrolysis, and sulfuric acid was used for acid hydrolysis. The finished product was obtained by spray drying. The sensory properties of the finished product were determined by standard methods. The method of high-performance liquid chromatography defined the hydrocarbon composition, while the method of dextrose equivalent helped to determine the reducing capacity of sugars. Results and discussions. The study improved the technique of the enzymatic breakdown of starch. Amylolysis ATS proved to be the optimal enzyme preparation in concentration of 0.5 mL/50 cm3). Other optimal parameters included the starch-splitting activity of 2,330.50 u/mL, temperature of hydrolysis of 65 ± 2°C, and pH reactions of pH 6.5. The method of spray drying proved most efficient for drying starch hydrolysates: the drying temperature and air flow was 100°C, while the flow rate of the solution was 12 mL/min). The experiment also established the dextrose equivalent of the finished product (12–13%) and the quantitative content of sugars in the obtained samples. For maltodextrins obtained from potato starch, the content of maltose and glucose was 16.73 ± 0.25% and 12.48 ± 0.050%, respectively; for corn maltodextrins – 40.22 ± 0.30% and 52.93 ± 0.040%. Conclusion. The market for food additives is developing rapidly. Maltodextrin is a natural food additive that can be used in various branches of food industry. The research made it possible to improve the technology of maltodextrin production in t dairy industry.

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