THE EFFECT OF AGE, SEX, AND PREVIOUS PREGNANCY ON THE OXYGEN UPTAKE OF RAT MAMMARY TISSUE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Jules Tuba ◽  
M. Shirley Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Effect Of Age

The effect of age, sex, and breeding on oxygen consumption and response to p-phenylenediamine of normal rat mammary tissue has been studied. Oxygen consumption values [Formula: see text] are significantly higher for breeder females than for virgin females or males. The endogenous oxygen consumption by breast tissue of virgin rats more closely resembles that of males than of breeder females. There is a significant lowering of [Formula: see text] with age in all the animals. Oxygen consumption in the presence of p-phenylenediamine [Formula: see text] is not significantly different for mammary tissue of males and breeders of the youngest age group (12–25 weeks) but it is higher for virgins of the same age. A highly significant fall in [Formula: see text] to approximately equal levels appears at a comparatively early age (30–50 weeks) in males and virgins, but this does not occur in the breeder female rats until the ability to reproduce has diminished or ceased (50 weeks and over). Reserves of the cytochrome system [Formula: see text] are lower in breeders than in males or virgins and are decreased by age in the latter two groups. These studies indicate the importance of considering age, sex, and breeding history of animals used for mammary tissue respiratory studies.

scholarly journals Microbiota of Human Breast Tissue

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 3007-3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Urbaniak ◽  
Joanne Cummins ◽  
Muriel Brackstone ◽  
Jean M. Macklaim ◽  
Gregory B. Gloor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Human Breast Tissue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
History Of ◽  
Listeria Welshimeri

ABSTRACTIn recent years, a greater appreciation for the microbes inhabiting human body sites has emerged. In the female mammary gland, milk has been shown to contain bacterial species, ostensibly reaching the ducts from the skin. We decided to investigate whether there is a microbiome within the mammary tissue. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and culture, we analyzed breast tissue from 81 women with and without cancer in Canada and Ireland. A diverse population of bacteria was detected within tissue collected from sites all around the breast in women aged 18 to 90, not all of whom had a history of lactation. The principal phylum wasProteobacteria. The most abundant taxa in the Canadian samples wereBacillus(11.4%),Acinetobacter(10.0%),Enterobacteriaceae(8.3%),Pseudomonas(6.5%),Staphylococcus(6.5%),Propionibacterium(5.8%),Comamonadaceae(5.7%),Gammaproteobacteria(5.0%), andPrevotella(5.0%). In the Irish samples the most abundant taxa wereEnterobacteriaceae(30.8%),Staphylococcus(12.7%),Listeria welshimeri(12.1%),Propionibacterium(10.1%), andPseudomonas(5.3%). None of the subjects had signs or symptoms of infection, but the presence of viable bacteria was confirmed in some samples by culture. The extent to which these organisms play a role in health or disease remains to be determined.

THE EFFECT OF AGE, SEX, AND PREVIOUS PREGNANCY ON OXYGEN UPTAKE OF MAMMARY TISSUE OF MICE OF THE C57BL, A, AND C3H STRAINS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
Jules Tuba ◽  
Herbert E. Rawlinson ◽  
Lorna G. Shaw ◽  
M. Shirley Fraser ◽  
Irmgaard Jeske
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Mammary Tumor Tissue ◽  
Usual Pattern

Oxygen uptake of mammary tissue of mice of the C57BL, A, and C3H strains has been studied in the presence [Formula: see text] and in the absence of p-phenylenediamine (Qo2). In general, these values are affected significantly by the age, sex, breeding history, and strain of the animals. The effect of these factors on enzyme activity has been observed with a number of enzyme systems and once more emphasizes their importance in evaluating data obtained in animal enzyme studies. A notable departure from the usual pattern for the Qo2 values was observed with mice of the C3H strain. There was a significant rise in the Qo2 values and a diminution in the cytochrome reserves [Formula: see text] for breeder females about the time spontaneous mammary tumors begin to appear. A similar elevation in Qo2, and diminution in reserves of the cytochrome system, appeared in mammary tumor tissue obtained from C3H females. The situation for virgin females is much the same with regard to the Qo2 and [Formula: see text] values of mammary tissue. The males of this strain manifest an abnormal elevation in Qo2 values but there is no diminution in [Formula: see text] levels.

Effects of ageing and exogenous melatonin on pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in rats

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Diaz ◽  
D Pazo ◽  
AI Esquifino ◽  
B Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Effect Of Age

The effect of age and melatonin on the activity of the neuroendocrine reproductive system was studied in young cyclic (3-5 months-old), and old acyclic (23-25 month-old) female rats. Pituitary responsiveness to a bolus of GnRH (50 ng per 100 g body weight) was assessed at both reproductive stages in control and melatonin-treated (150 micrograms melatonin per 100 g body weight each day for 1 month) groups. After this experiment, female rats were treated for another month to study the influence of ageing and melatonin on the reproductive axis. Plasma LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone were measured. A positive LH response to GnRH was observed in both control groups (cyclic and acyclic). However, a response of greater magnitude was observed in old acyclic rats. Melatonin treatment reduced this increased response in acyclic rats and produced a pituitary responsiveness similar to that of young cyclic rats. FSH secretion was independent of GnRH administration in all groups, indicating desynchronization between LH and FSH secretion in response to GnRH in young animals and during senescence. No effect on prolactin was observed. Significantly higher LH (3009.11 +/- 1275.08 pg ml(-1); P < 0.05) and FSH concentrations (5879.28 +/- 1631.68 pg ml(-1); P < 0.01) were seen in acyclic control rats. After melatonin treatment, LH (811.11 +/- 89.71 pg ml(-1)) and FSH concentrations (2070 +/- 301.62 pg ml(-1)) decreased to amounts similar to those observed in young cyclic rats. However, plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone were not reduced. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that, during ageing, the effect of melatonin is exerted primarily at the hypothalamo-pituitary axis rather than on the ovary. Melatonin restored the basal concentrations of pituitary hormones and pituitary responsiveness to similar values to those observed in young rats.

Phanerozoic Oxygen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Eugene Canfield
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Level Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geologic Processes

This chapter discusses the modeling of the history of atmospheric oxygen. The most recently deposited sediments will also be the most prone to weathering through processes like sea-level change or uplift of the land. Thus, through rapid recycling, high rates of oxygen production through the burial of organic-rich sediments will quickly lead to high rates of oxygen consumption through the exposure of these organic-rich sediments to weathering. From a modeling perspective, rapid recycling helps to dampen oxygen changes. This is important because the fluxes of oxygen through the atmosphere during organic carbon and pyrite burial, and by weathering, are huge compared to the relatively small amounts of oxygen in the atmosphere. Thus, all of the oxygen in the present atmosphere is cycled through geologic processes of oxygen liberation (organic carbon and pyrite burial) and consumption (weathering) on a time scale of about 2 to 3 million years.

scholarly journals Effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus History on Future Pregnancy Behaviors: The Mutaba’ah Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Nasloon Ali ◽  
Aysha S. Aldhaheri ◽  
Hessa H. Alneyadi ◽  
Maha H. Alazeezi ◽  
Sara S. Al Dhaheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Prenatal Health ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in any pregnancy and recurrence rates are high in future pregnancies. This study aims to investigate the effect of self-reported history of previous GDM on behaviors in a future pregnancy. This is an interim cross-sectional analysis of the pregnant women who participated in the Mutaba’ah Study between May 2017 and March 2020 in the United Arab Emirates. Participants completed a baseline self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic and pregnancy-related information about the current pregnancy and previous pregnancies. Regression models assessed the relationships between self-reported history of GDM and pre-pregnancy and pregnancy behaviors in the current pregnancy. Out of 5738 pregnant parous women included in this analysis, nearly 30% (n = 1684) reported a history of GDM in a previous pregnancy. Women with a history of previous GDM were less likely to plan their current pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–0.96) and more likely to be worried about childbirth (aOR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.36). They had shorter interpregnancy intervals between their previous child and current pregnancy (aOR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.94, per SD increase). There were no significant differences between women with and without a history of GDM in supplement use, sedentary behavior, or physical activity before and during this current pregnancy. Nearly a third of parous pregnant women in this population had a history of GDM in a previous pregnancy. Pregnant women with a previous history of GDM were similar to their counterparts with no history of GDM in the adopted pre-pregnancy and prenatal health behaviors. More intensive and long-term lifestyle counseling, possibly supported by e-health and social media materials, might be required to empower pregnant women with a history of GDM. This may assist in adopting and maintaining healthy prenatal behaviors early during the pregnancy or the preconception phase to minimize the risk of GDM recurrence and the consequential adverse maternal and infant health outcomes.

Case of second primary breast cancer in ectopic breast tissue and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e241361
Author(s):  
Jamin Kweku Addae ◽  
Thomas Genuit ◽  
Joseph Colletta ◽  
Kathy Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Primary Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Accessory Breast ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Accessory breast tissue (ABT) is found in approximately 2%–6% of the female population and are subject to most of the physiological and pathological changes that occur in pectoral breast. Primary breast cancer occurring in ABT is a rare occurrence and a second primary breast cancer occurring in an accessory breast has never been reported. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman with a history of mastectomy for left breast cancer 5 years prior to presentation, who presented with an enlarging right axilla mass found to be a second primary breast cancer in an accessory tissue on biopsy. Many physicians are unfamiliar with the clinical presentation of accessory breast cancer due to the rarity of the condition and this ultimately results in delayed diagnosis and advanced disease at presentation. It is therefore prudent that physicians have a high index of suspicion when patients present with axillary masses.

Tolerance of estrogen-treated rats to acute cold exposure

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Fregly ◽  
D. L. Kelleher ◽  
D. J. Black
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Rate ◽  
Acute Cold Exposure ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rate Of Cooling

Female rats treated chronically with ethynylestradiol (36 micrograms/kg per day) alone, and in combination with the progestational agent, norethynodrel (253 micrograms/kg per day), cooled significantly faster than controls when lightly restrained and exposed to air at 5 degrees C. Rate of cooling of rats given only norethynodrel was similar to that of the control group. In other studies, rate of oxygen consumption was determined for all groups during acute exposure to cold (14 degrees C). All estrogen-treated groups achieved the same maximal rate of oxygen consumption as control and norethynodrel-treated groups during cold exposure, but cooled significantly faster. Two groups of female rats were treated chronically with ethynylestradiol at two separate doses (36 and 61 micrograms/kg per day). An untreated group served as controls. Rate of oxygen consumption of all animals were measured during restraint and exposure to cold (18 degrees C). The estrogen-treated groups again achieved the same maximal rate of oxygen consumption as the control group, but also cooled significantly faster despite the fact that the cold stress was less severe than in the previous experiment. That estrogen-treated rats cooled faster than controls in both studies despite achieving a maximal rate of heat production which did not differ from controls suggests that reduced cold tolerance of estrogen-treated rats may be related to increased heat loss.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document