scholarly journals A fast and accurate method of detecting Aleutian mink disease virus in blood and tissues of chronically infected mink

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Farid ◽  
P.P. Rupasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Aleutian Mink Disease Virus ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Lower Success Rate

The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the Omni Klentaq-LA DNA polymerase for detecting Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) in mink blood and tissues by PCR without DNA extraction. The presence of AMDV DNA was directly tested by Klentaq in the plasma, serum, whole blood, and spleen homogenates of 188 mink 4 and 16 months after inoculation with the virus. Samples from bone marrow, small intestine, liver, lungs, kidneys, and lymph nodes of 20 of the same mink were also tested by Klentaq. DNA was extracted from paired samples of plasma and the aforesaid tissues by a commercial nucleic acid extraction kit (Dynabeads Silane) and tested by PCR. Compared with the extracted DNA, Klentaq detected a significantly greater number of samples in the whole blood, serum, plasma, spleen, and small intestine. It was concluded that Klentaq is a preferred system for directly detecting AMDV DNA in mink blood and tissues. The lower success rate of extracted DNA compared with Klentaq could be the result of DNA losses during the extraction process. This is an important factor in chronically infected mink, which have a low AMDV copy number in the bloodstream. Direct AMDV detection also reduces the cost of PCR amplification and lowers the risk of sample contamination.

scholarly journals Assessment of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) prevalence in feral American mink in Iceland. Case study of a pending epizootiological concern in Europe

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12060
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Panicz ◽  
Piotr Eljasik ◽  
Jakub Skorupski ◽  
Przemysław Śmietana ◽  
Róbert A. Stefánsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Aleutian Mink Disease Virus ◽  
Feral Populations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feral Population ◽  
Condition Indices

Background Recurring escapes or deliberate releases and subsequent infiltration or establishment of feral populations by individuals from fur farms have been commonly noted since the beginning of fur industry expansion. Once animals have invaded ecosystems adjacent to source farms escapees can change the demography of the feral populations through hybridization, outbreeding depression, competition and spreading of various pathogens which can decimate wild populations. In our study, we aimed to assess spread of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) in the feral population of American mink (Neovison vison) in Iceland. The additional objective was to elucidate whether basic morpho-anatomical parameters (i.e., Fulton’s condition factor or spleen to body weight ratio) might be used as a preliminary indicator of AMDV infection. Methods American mink (n = 164) were captured by professional hunters in 8 regions of Iceland. The detection of AMDV in the spleen of male and female individuals was based on PCR amplification of an NS1 gene fragment. Results We confirmed AMDV presence in 23.8% (n = 39) of collected samples with no significant difference in infection rate between males and females. Additionally, we revealed that the prevalence of virus in the feral population was higher closer to fur farms. However, the countrywide prevalence and direction of AMDV distribution needs to be further investigated. Comparison of condition indices in non-infected and infected animals showed significant deterioration of body and spleen parameters in the latter group. Therefore, the application of basic measurements of the American mink may be used to evaluate the health status of individuals in terms of pathogen infection. Conclusions The study shed a new light on prevalence and distribution of AMDV in the feral population of American mink in Iceland and the results might be successfully applied to develop models to infer dynamics of various pathogens, even those latently transmitted by disease-free animals.

scholarly journals NS1 gene based molecular characteristics of Aleutian mink disease virus circulating in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Reichert ◽  
Krzysztof Kostro
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
American Mink ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Aleutian Mink Disease Virus ◽  
Ns1 Gene ◽  
First Time

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterise the genetic variability of the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) circulating among mink farmed in Poland and to compare Polish isolates with AMDV variants available in the GenBank database. For this purpose PCR amplification and analysis of the 429 bp DNA fragment of the AMDV NS1 gene from 13 randomly selected AMDV infected mink was performed. A comparison showed that all tested amplicons were closely related to the sequence of the NS1 gene of AMDV and showed high (94%-97%) homology to virus variants from American mink (Neovison vison) isolated in Canada in 2007-2008. Eleven samples showing a high percentage (95%-97%) of sequence similarity together with three similar isolates originating from Canada formed one clade (monophyletic group). Two variants showing a lower percentage (about 94%- 95%) of sequence similarity to isolates from Canada formed a separate clade. Polish viruses can be subdivided into two main groups with a putative ancestor common to both Polish and three Canadian isolates. This result confirms the literature data indicating the occurrence of American mink in Eastern Europe (including Poland) from the 1950s when the animals were imported for breeding purposes. In conclusion, we provide for the first time a report on the genetic characteristics of the AMDV variants circulating in the Polish population of farmed mink and their relationship with previously known AMDV variants isolated and described abroad.

Comparison of 2 highly automated nucleic acid extraction systems for quantitation of human cytomegalovirus in whole blood

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Mengelle ◽  
Jean-Michel Mansuy ◽  
Isabelle Da Silva ◽  
Chistian Davrinche ◽  
Jacques Izopet
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Nucleic Acid Extraction

scholarly journals Aptamer-targeting of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) can be an effective strategy to inhibit virus replication

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taofeng Lu ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Qin Ma ◽  
Wenzhuo Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Aleutian Mink Disease Virus ◽  
Random Library

AbstractAleutian mink disease (AMD), which is caused by Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV), is an important contagious disease for which no effective vaccine is yet available. AMD causes major economic losses for mink farmers globally and threatens some carnivores such as skunks, genets, foxes and raccoons. Aptamers have exciting potential for the diagnosis and/or treatment of infectious viral diseases, including AMD. Using a magnetic beads-based systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) approach, we have developed aptamers with activity against AMDV after 10 rounds of selection. After incubation with the ADVa012 aptamer (4 μM) for 48 h, the concentration of AMDV in the supernatant of infected cells was 47% lower than in the supernatant of untreated cells, whereas a random library of aptamers has no effect. The half-life of ADVa012 was ~ 32 h, which is significantly longer than that of other aptamers. Sequences and three dimensions structural modeling of selected aptamers indicated that they fold into similar stem-loop structures, which may be a preferred structure for binding to the target protein. The ADVa012 aptamer was shown to have an effective and long-lasting inhibitory effect on viral production in vitro.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Phytophthora infestans in Late Blight-Infected Potato and Tomato Using PCR

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Trout ◽  
J. B. Ristaino ◽  
M. Madritch ◽  
T. Wangsomboondee
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Phytophthora Species ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen

Late blight caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans is a devastating disease of potato and tomato worldwide. A rapid and accurate method for specific detection of P. infestans is necessary for determination of late blight in infected fruit, leaves, and tubers. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from four isolates of P. infestans representing the four genotypes US1, US6, US7, and US8 was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the universal primers internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 4 and ITS5. PCR products were sequenced using an automated sequencer. Sequences were aligned with published sequences from 5 other Phytophthora species, and a region specific to P. infestans was used to construct a PCR primer (PINF). Over 140 isolates representing 14 species of Phytophthora and at least 13 other genera of fungi and bacteria were used to screen the PINF primer. PCR amplification with primers PINF and ITS5 results in amplification of an approximately 600 base pair product with only isolates of P. infestans from potato and tomato, as well as isolates of P. mirabilis and P. cactorum. P. mirabilis and P. cactorum are not pathogens of potato; however, P. cactorum is a pathogen of tomato. P. infestans and P. cactorum were differentiated by restriction digests of the amplified product. The PINF primer was used with a rapid NaOH lysis technique for direct PCR of P. infestans from infected tomato and potato field samples. The PINF primer will provide a valuable tool for detection of P. infestans in potatoes and tomatoes.

scholarly journals STUDY OF GELATIN FROM DUCK BONE AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF HALAL GELATIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Habbib Khirzin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Alternative Sources

Gelatin is an intermediate ingredient which is oftenly used in many field such as food, pharmacy, and cosmetics. It is usually extracted from pig and cow. Halal issue of gelatin sources and the outbreaks of mad cow diseases encouraged people to find an alternative sources of gelatin. One of the alternative sources of gelatin was duck bone. The aim of this research was to describe physicochemical properties of duck bone gelatin which is extracted by using acid extraction method as an alternative sources of halal gelatin. The extraction of duck bone gelatin used 5% concentration of HCl (hydrochloric acid). The extraction process consisted of four steps, they were degreassing, defating, demineralization, and acid extraction. The result showed that gelatin which was extracted from duck bone had these several characteristic: yield of 6.24%, pH 4.0, water content of 13.43%, ash content of 13.42%, protein content of 65.43%, and whiteness degree of 30.35%. Generally, gelatin which was extracted from duck bone had similar characteristic with commercial gelatin and SNI standard. Further researcher had been suggested to reoptimized extraction method in order to reduce ash content.

Abstract W P422: ABC/2 Does Not Accurately Predict Volume of Arteriovenous Malformations

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D Roark ◽  
Venu Vadlamudi ◽  
William R Stetler ◽  
Joseph J Gemmete ◽  
Neeraj Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
T Test ◽  
Digital Subtraction ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Cylinders And Spheres

Introduction: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) represents an important method of curing arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and preventing associated hemorrhages. The decision to proceed with SRS is commonly based on calculated nidal volume, as smaller AVMs are more likely to obliterate. When counseling patients for SRS, physicians commonly use the ‘ABC/2’ method. We aim to understand whether such an approximation is accurate when compared to the exact volume calculated from thin-cut axial sections used for SRS planning. Hypothesis: AVM volume calculated by the ‘ABC/2’ method on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is significantly different than the volume calculated using SRS planning techniques. Methods: 85 AVMs treated with SRS were identified from our database. Maximum nidal diameters in orthogonal planes on DSA images were recorded to determine volume by the ‘ABC/2’ formula. The nidal target volume was extracted from operative reports of SRS. The volumes were then compared using descriptive statistics and the paired t-test. Results: The average volume was 7.1 cm 3 (SD 7.94) when using SRS planning methods, and 11.2 cm 3 (SD 15.6) when using the ABC/2 methodology. Moderate correlation was seen between ABC/2 and SRS (r = 0.657; p <0.001). Paired samples T-test revealed significant differences between the SRS volume and ABC/2 (t = -3.2; p = 0.002). When the AVMs were stratified based on an ABC/2 volume, the significant differences remained (t = -2.1; p = 0.046 for ABC/2 volume less than 7 cm 3 and t= -4.2; p <0.001 for ABC/2 volume greater than 7 cm 3 ). Comparisons of AVM volume using SRS planning techniques with analysis utilizing equations for the volumes of various shapes (cones, cylinders, and spheres) demonstrated significant differences with cones and solids (p < 0.001 in both) while spherical volume was statistically indistinguishable from SRS planning volumes (p = 0.388). Conclusions: ‘ABC/2’ on DSA is not an accurate method of calculating AVM nidal volumes as it overestimates the volume by 57.7%. As a result, practitioners may choose not to offer SRS - incorrectly concluding that a particular AVM is too large to have an appropriate response to SRS. We propose that SRS planning techniques should be utilized before counseling patients on treatment.

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