Effect of vegetation control, harvest intensity, and soil disturbance on 20-year jack pine stand development

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Fleming ◽  
J.-D. Leblanc ◽  
T. Weldon ◽  
P.W. Hazlett ◽  
D.S. Mossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Harvest Intensity ◽  
Stand Productivity ◽  
Size Inequality ◽  
Planted Tree ◽  
Whole Tree

Currently, there are uncertainties regarding the impacts and (or) efficacy of biomass harvesting and silvicultural practices on stand production on coarse-textured boreal soils. Replicated factorial field experiments examining effects of complete vegetation control (repeated glyphosate application) following operational stem-only harvest with disc trenching (SOT), operational whole-tree harvest with (WTT) and without (WT) disc trenching, and whole-tree harvest with complete forest floor removal by blading (WTB) and blading followed by compaction (WTBC) were installed on four sandy northern Ontario jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) sites. Over 20 years, WTB improved planted-tree survival but decreased longer term stand productivity in comparison with other harvest intensity – soil disturbance treatments. Vegetation control improved tree growth and stand productivity initially, but over time, benefits declined substantially. SOT and WTT had similar impacts on stand production. Disc trenching improved initial planted-tree growth (WTT vs. WT), particularly without vegetation control. Jack pine natural regeneration was greatest with SOT, accounting for 25% of stand biomass at year 20. Stand structure effects included increased size inequality of naturals with WTB and reduced size inequality and asymmetry of naturals with vegetation control. Overall, impacts of forest floor removal and natural regeneration on stand development have become increasingly important over time compared with those of vegetation control.

Effects of biomass harvest intensity and soil disturbance on jack pine stand productivity: 15-year results

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1566-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Fleming ◽  
J.-D. Leblanc ◽  
P.W. Hazlett ◽  
T. Weldon ◽  
R. Irwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Stand Productivity ◽  
Planted Tree ◽  
Whole Tree

Rising demands for forest biomass have raised concerns that the increased removal of organic residues and harvest impacts may reduce longer term site productivity. Replicated field experiments examining the effects of stem-only harvest with disc trenching (SOT), whole-tree harvest with (WTT) and without (WT) disc trenching, whole-tree harvest with forest-floor removal by blading (WTB), and blading followed by compaction (WTBC) were installed on nine sandy jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) sites in northern Ontario. At year 5, planted-tree diameters, dominant tree heights (HD), and stand aboveground biomass (jPPBio) were smaller without soil disturbance (the WT), but were otherwise similar among treatments. At year 15, planted-tree size and stand yield rankings were WTT = SOT = WT > WTB = WTBC. Biomass production by natural regeneration and total stand aboveground biomass (TotBio) treatment rankings were SOT ≥ WTT ≥ WT > WTB = WTBC. HD, jPPBio, and TotBio showed increasing divergence over time in WTB vs. WTT – SOT response, whereas statistical equivalence of the WTT and SOT treatments was shown for most tree and stand growth responses. There was some evidence of increasingly negative impacts of WTB as site index declined. Overall, negative WTB effects on tree and stand productivity have become increasingly apparent.

Season and intensity of whole-tree harvesting influence regeneration in the oak–pine type

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. McMinn ◽  
Wade L. Nutter
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree

Oak–pine stands in the Upper Piedmont of Georgia were whole-tree harvested to 10-cm and 2.5-cm lower dbh limits in both the dormant and early growing seasons. Pine natural regeneration and hardwood coppice were observed through five growing seasons. Dormant-season harvesting resulted in pine stocking of over 90% and 60% for the 2.5-cm and 10-cm limit, respectively. Growing-season harvesting resulted in initial pine stocking of less than 15%. Initial coppice coverage was greatest after dormant-season harvesting, but due to pine competition was approximately equal to the growing-season harvest coverage after 5 years. Residual stems with total basal areas less than 7 m2/ha after 10-cm limit cutting suppressed growth of both the pine regeneration and the hardwood coppice. Results demonstrate that modifications in harvesting alone can substantially influence subsequent species composition and stand development.

Natural regeneration of jack pine following harvesting and site preparation in the Clay Belt of northwestern Quebec

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Béland ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Richard Zarnovican
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Positive Effect

A 36-ha experiment was carried out to assess the possibility of naturally regenerating jack pine stands following harvesting on clay soils of northwestern Quebec. Although differences between treatments were not statistically significant, there was a trend toward a positive effect of one treatment combining on-site delimbing and scarification with the Silva Wadell™ cone scarifier on jack pine seedling density (up to 10 000/ha) and distribution (50% of 1 m2 plots with at least one seedling, corresponding to 94% with 4 m2 plots), two years after harvest. However, scarified microsites contained fewer seedlings than expected and undisturbed humus contained more seedlings than expected. This result, contrary to what is generally reported in the literature may be explained either by the fairly humid conditions, favourable to germination and seedling establishment, occurring on clay sites or by the scarifier spreading the cone-bearing slash outward. Seedling abundance and distribution improved substantially from the first year to the second year following treatment. Although the irregular branch distribution over the cutover area appears to have limited regeneration success, combining on-site delimbing with soil scarification could lead to relatively good stocking of jack pine regeneration that could be enhanced by some fill-planting. This regeneration method could constitute an alternative to planting jack pine on clay. However, vegetation control to remove aspen competition might be necessary. Key words: jackpine, silviculture, natural regeneration, boreal mixed wood

scholarly journals The influence of fencing on seedling establishment during reforestation of oak stands: a comparison of artificial and natural regeneration techniques including costs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Löf ◽  
Julien Barrere ◽  
Mattias Engman ◽  
Linda K. Petersson ◽  
Adrian Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Efficient Regeneration ◽  
Temperate Europe ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Establishment Rate ◽  
Block Experiment

AbstractIn temperate Europe, oak-dominated forests are widespread, supporting high biodiversity and providing important ecosystem services. Insufficient natural regeneration has, however, been a concern for over a century. The objective of this study was to gain insights into differences in regeneration success using artificial and natural regeneration techniques for reforestation of oak (Quercus robur L.) stands. We monitored seedlings following planting, direct seeding and natural regeneration over five years in a randomized block experiment in southern Sweden with fenced and non-fenced plots. Fencing had a strong positive effect on height growth, especially for planted seedlings that were taller than the other seedlings and more frequently browsed in non-fenced plots. In contrast, there was little effect of fencing on survival, establishment rate and recruitment rate of seedlings. Due to aboveground damage on seedlings from voles, protection of acorns did not improve establishment rate following direct seeding. Under current circumstances at the site with a sparse shelterwood of old oaks, we conclude that natural regeneration was the most cost-efficient regeneration method. It resulted in the most seedlings at the lowest cost. However, regeneration success was heavily influenced by interference from herbaceous vegetation. With a small additional investment in vegetation control, the results might have been improved for planting and direct seeding.

scholarly journals Tolerant hardwood natural regeneration 15 years after various silvicultural treatments on an industrial freehold of northwestern New Brunswick

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (04) ◽  
pp. 512-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Béland ◽  
Bruno Chicoine
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Selection Cutting

We examined applicability of various partial cutting systems in order to regenerate tolerant hardwood stands dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccarhum), American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) on northern New Brunswick J.D. Irving Ltd. freehold land. Sampling of 1065 one-m2 plots in 31 stands managed by selection cutting, shelterwood method and strip or patch cutting and in six control stands allowed a 15-year retrospective study of natural regeneration in stands of low residual densities and with minimal soil disturbance and no control of competing vegetation. Beech regeneration was most abundant in the patch cuts, yellow birch in shelterwood stands and sugar maple in the selection system areas. Results suggest that initial stand conditions influence the composition of the regeneration more than the prescribed treatment. At the stand scale (a few hectares), sugar maple recruitment was positively influenced by its proportion in the initial stand, and negatively by the cover of herbs and shrubs. Yellow birch regeneration was mainly affected by shrub competition. At the plot (1 m2) scale, mineral soil and decayed wood substrates and ground-level transmitted light were determinant factors for yellow birch regeneration. Beech-dominated stands were likely to regenerate to beech. A dense beech sucker understory was promoted in harvested patches. Areas with dense understory of American beech, shrubs, or herbs require site preparation to reduce interference either before or at the time of partial cutting. Shelterwood seed cutting and selection cutting should leave a residual of 12 m2/ha and 17 m2/ha respectively in seed trees uniformly distributed.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus fractions vary with harvest intensity and vegetation control at two contrasting Douglas-fir sites in the Pacific northwest

Geoderma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. DeBruler ◽  
Stephen H. Schoenholtz ◽  
Robert A. Slesak ◽  
Brian D. Strahm ◽  
Timothy B. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Soil Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Harvest Intensity ◽  
The Pacific

Jack pine foliar δ15N indicates shifts in plant nitrogen acquisition after severe wildfire and through forest stand development

2013 ◽  
Vol 373 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. LeDuc ◽  
David E. Rothstein ◽  
Zhanna Yermakov ◽  
Susan E. Spaulding
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Foliar Δ15n

Critical period of interspecific competition for four northern conifers: 10-year growth response and associated vegetation dynamics

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2474-2485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Wagner ◽  
Andrew P Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Vegetation Control

The influence of the timing and duration of interspecific competition on planted jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) was assessed using 10-year growth responses in a northern Ontario experiment. Stand volume was 117%, 208%, 224%, and 343% higher for jack pine, red pine, white pine, and black spruce, respectively, with 5 years of vegetation control than with no vegetation control. Stand volume increased linearly with number of years of vegetation control, and the slope of the relationship varied among conifer species. Change-point regression analysis was used to derive segmented weed-free and weed-infested curves, and to simultaneously estimate key critical-period parameters. Weed-free and weed-infested curves in the 10th year were similar to those derived in year 5, indicating that the patterns established during the first few years after planting were relatively robust for the first decade. The critical-period was 2 and 3 years after planting for jack pine and red pine, respectively, and occupied most of the 5-year period for white pine and black spruce. Principal components analysis of the vegetation community indicated that repeated herbicide applications caused differential shifts in the relative abundance of shrub, fern, and moss species through the 10th year. Species richness, however, was not substantially different between the untreated control and the most intensive treatments. Difference modeling was used to quantify how annual volume increment during the first decade varied with time, conifer species, cover of woody and herbaceous vegetation, and stage of development.

Soil disturbance and juvenile Douglas-fir growth following stump removal on moderately coarse textured soils in southwestern British Columbia: 10-year results

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 767-774
Author(s):  
Stefan Zeglen ◽  
Paul J. Courtin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Root Diseases

Mechanized treatment for root diseases such as Coniferiporia sulphurascens (Pilát) L. W. Zhou & Y. C. Dai (syn. Phellinus sulphurascens Pilát) and Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink (syn. Armillaria solidipes Peck) is often avoided due to cost or the perception that removal of stumps creates detrimental soil disturbance or degradation that hinders site productivity. Our study tested five diseased stands that were treated by extracting stumps following harvesting and replanted with susceptible Douglas-fir. Soil disturbance surveys were conducted in treated and untreated plots, and individual planted spots were assessed and categorized for soil disturbance using existing and proposed new categories specific to disturbance caused by the stump removal. Tree measurements were taken at intervals over the first 10 years of stand development, and foliage was sampled for nutrient analysis. The percentage of total and counted disturbance was 20%–46% and 8%–11% greater, respectively, in treated versus untreated plots; however, mean tree growth in height and diameter was not statistically different between treatments and was more positive for treated plots at all sites but one. Tree nutrition and survival to age 10 was not negatively affected by stump removal. Total site productivity represented by basal area and tree volume differed widely between sites but was not significantly different between treatments.

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