Cambrian detrital zircon signatures of the northern Cordilleran passive margin, Liard area, Canada: evidence of sediment recycling, non-Laurentian ultimate sources, and basement denudation

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-621
Author(s):  
Margot McMechan ◽  
Lisel Currie ◽  
Filippo Ferri ◽  
William Matthews ◽  
Paul O’Sullivan

Detrital zircon U–Pb age probability distributions for the Cambrian Vizer formation (informal) and Mount Roosevelt Formation (middle member) of the northern Canadian Cordilleran passive margin indicate extensive recycling from ∼1.7 to 1.6 Ga Paleoproterozoic sandstones and Proterozoic and Lower Cambrian strata, respectively. The units have minor or no first cycle input from Laurentian basement. The lower part of the Vizer formation contains North American magmatic gap (1610–1490 Ma) detrital zircons and lacks ultimate Grenvillian sourced grains, indicating that the grains were likely sourced from a nearby Mesoproterozoic basin and have an ultimate non-Laurentian source. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages of 670–640 Ma from the middle member of the Mount Roosevelt Formation indicate associated volcanic clasts were locally sourced, and are not of syn-sedimentary Middle Cambrian age. Provenance of these units was indirectly impacted by the Liard Line basement feature. Detrital zircon U–Pb age probability distributions from the northern Canadian Cordilleran passive margin indicate sediments were sourced from the east in the Early Cambrian (Terreneuvian; Vizer formation and correlatives) and the northeast during Early Cambrian (Series 2) deposition of Sekwi Formation and correlative strata. In the early Middle Cambrian, the middle member of the Mount Roosevelt Formation was primarily locally sourced, whereas the upper member was derived from Laurentian basement to the east and southeast. The change from reworked Paleoproterozoic cover in the Terrenuvian to primary basement sources in the Middle Cambrian suggests significant denudation of the basement occurred southeast of the Liard Line.

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Westrop ◽  
Ed Landing

The Hanford Brook Formation, one of the classic Cambrian units of Avalonian North America, contains at least eight species of endemic trilobites, including Berabichia milleri Westrop n. sp., that are assigned to seven genera. The vertical succession of faunas is far more complex than has been recognized previously, with each member containing a lithofacies-specific assemblage. These are, in ascending order: a bradoriid-linguloid Association without trilobites in the nearshore St. Martin's Member, a Protolenus Association in dysaerobic siltstones and sandstones of the Somerset Street Member, and a Kingaspidoides-Berabichia Association in hummocky cross-stratified sandstones of the Long Island Member that overlie a parasequence boundary at Hanford Brook. Due to the breakdown of biogeographic barriers in the late Early Cambrian, two new species-based zones, the Protolenus elegans and Kingaspidoides cf. obliquoculatus zones, share trilobite genera with the Tissafinian Stage of Morocco. This generic similarity has been the basis for correlation of this upper Lower Cambrian interval on the Avalon continent with the West Gondwanan lowest Middle Cambrian. However, the clear facies control on the occurrence of genera in the Hanford Brook Formation and the presence of an abrupt faunal break and unconformity at the base of the Tissafinian in Morocco makes this correlation questionable. The Hanford Brook Formation may represent a late Early Cambrian interval unknown in Gondwana. Sequence-stratigraphic criteria even raise the possibility that the Protolenus Association is the biofacies equivalent of Callavia broeggeri Zone faunas of the Brigus Formation of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Massachusetts.


1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Guang Zhang ◽  
Brian R. Pratt

Phosphatized, three-dimensional cuticle fragments of the palaeoscolecids Houscolex lepidotus new genus and new species, Houscolex species indeterminate, and an unidentified form are described from the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation of Shaanxi, China. These segmented worms, characterized by regularly arranged simple plates and platelets, small circular pores and fine pits, and irregularly distributed nipplelike protuberances, are unique among known palaeoscolecids. The occurrence of such cuticles as seemingly persistent elements of phosphatized faunas suggests that wormlike organisms achieved a fairly high diversity and widespread geographic distribution during the Early and Middle Cambrian.


1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip W. Signor ◽  
Mark A. S. Mcmenamin

Two new species of worm tubes referable to the genus Onuphionella occur in Lower Cambrian strata in eastern California and western Nevada. Onuphionella durhami n. sp. is found in the Campito Formation (in pre-trilobite strata, in the Fallotaspis and, possibly, the Nevadella Zones) and O. claytonensis n. sp. occurs in the Middle Member of the Poleta Formation (Nevadella Zone). The unusual tubes are armored with an imbricated coat of mica flakes, reminiscent of the modern genus Owenia. The lowest occurrence of Onuphionella in western North America corresponds closely with the lowest occurrence of the genus in the Baltic region, indicating that correlations between the two regions are not greatly in error.


2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Dewing ◽  
J C Harrison ◽  
Brian R Pratt ◽  
Ulrich Mayr

The Kennedy Channel and Ella Bay formations are the two oldest stratigraphic units exposed in the Franklinian margin sedimentary sequence in the Canadian Arctic Islands. An Early Cambrian age had previously been accepted by the occurrence of trilobites and small shelly fossils in the type section of the Kennedy Channel Formation. Reinvestigation of the area around the type section shows that several large strike-slip faults cut the succession and that the olenelloid trilobites are from an infaulted slice of a younger unit, the Lower Cambrian Kane Basin Formation. Thus, there is no unambiguous paleontological evidence for the age of either the Kennedy Channel or Ella Bay formations. However, the abundance of stromatolites, absence of trace fossils, and separation from overlying Lower Cambrian clastics by a regional angular unconformity indicate a probable late Neoproterozoic age for these two formations. The Ella Bay Formation likely correlates with the Portfjeld Formation in North Greenland, the Spiral Creek Formation in East Greenland, and the Risky Formation of the Mackenzie Mountains in northwestern Canada. The passive margin that existed in northern Laurentia during the early Paleozoic was, therefore, established in the late Neoproterozoic, and the onset of rifting must have preceded this, rather than occurring in the Early Cambrian as some authors have suggested.


2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Landing ◽  
Susan C. Johnson ◽  
Gerd Geyer

The Cambrian inlier at Beaver Harbour, southern New Brunswick, is now confidently referred to the marginal platform of the late Proterozoic–Early Paleozoic Avalon microcontinent. The sub-trilobitic Lower Cambrian Chapel Island and Random Formations are unconformably overlain by the mafic volcanic-dominated Wade's Lane Formation (new). Late Early Cambrian trilobites and small shelly taxa in the lowest Wade's Lane demonstrate a long Random–Wade's Lane hiatus (middle Terreneuvian–early Branchian). Latest Early–middle Middle Cambrian pyroclastic volcanism produced a volcanic edifice at Beaver Harbour that is one of three known volcanic centers that extended 550 km along the northwest margin of Avalon. Middle Middle Cambrian sea-level rise, probably in theParadoxides eteminicusChron, mantled the extinct volcanics with gray-green mudstone and limestone of the Fossil Brook Member. Black, dysoxic mudstone of the upper Manuels River Formation (upper Middle Cambrian,P. davidisZone) is the youngest Cambrian unit in the Beaver Harbour inlier.Lapworthella cornu(Wiman, 1903) emend., a senior synonym of the genotypeL. nigra(Cobbold, 1921),Hyolithellus sinuosusCobbold, 1921, and probablyAcrothyra seraMatthew, 1902a, range through the ca. 8 m.y. of the trilobite-bearing upper Lower Cambrian, andH. sinuosusandA. serapersist into the middle Middle Cambrian.Lapworthella cornuandH. sinuosusreplaced the tropical taxaL. schodackensis(Lochman, 1956) andH. micansBillings, 1872, in cool-water Avalon.


1979 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
A.R Palmer ◽  
J.S Peel

Early, Middle and Late Cambrian faunas from Peary Land, eastern North Greenland, are briefly documented. The Early Cambrian faunas of the lower Brønlund Fjord Group are assigned to the Bonnia-Olenellus Zone, although olenellids from the underiying Buen Formation may be older. Strata from the upper Brønlund Fjord Group with Middle Cambrian faunas are seemingly separated from the Lower Cambrian by a discontinuity, without representation of early Middle Cambrian zones. Faunas from lower beds of the overlying Tavsens Iskappe Group span the Middle-Late Cambrian boundary. Upper beds ofthe Tavsens Iskappe Group are assigned to the Late Cambrian, but corroborative faunal evidence is not yet available.


2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Malone ◽  
John Craddock ◽  
Stuart Kenderes

We report the results of analyses of detrital zircon from the middle Cambrian Flathead Sandstone from four locations in Park County, WY. The Flathead U-Pb zircon age spectra (n=355) includes one peak at 2702–3345 Ma (95%) and two small age peaks at 1784 Ma (4%) and ∼1830 Ma (1%). Regional paleocurrent data for the Flat-head indicate sediment transport from east to west but the dominant Archean detrital zircons in our sample suite indicates a proximal source in structurally and topographically high Wyoming Province crust. The Archean ages are consistent with the >3.0 Ga fraction being derived from basement rocks present in the northern Beartooth Range and areas further to the west. The 2.8–3.0 Ga grains were derived from the Beartooth-Bighorn magmatic zone, which directly underlies and extends to the south and east of these Flathead sampling localities. The 1.7–1.8 Ga grains were derived from 100s of km to the south and east, in the Cheyenne Belt or more distal Yavapai Province rocks. This 1.7–1.8 Ga crust was uplifted along the Transcontinental Arch during late Precambrian time. The Transcontinental Arch, and perhaps the Midcontinent Rift further to the east as well, prevented easterly-sourced (i.e. Grenville) zircons from reaching the Wyoming Sauk shoreline.


2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1007-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke P. Beranek ◽  
Victoria Pease ◽  
Robert A. Scott ◽  
Tonny B. Thomsen

Enigmatic successions of deep-water strata referred to as the Nesmith beds and Grant Land Formation comprise the exposed base of the Franklinian passive margin sequence in northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. To test stratigraphic correlations with Ediacaran to Cambrian shallow-water strata of the Franklinian platform that are inferred by regional basin models, >500 detrital zircons from the Nesmith beds and Grant Land Formation were analyzed for sediment provenance analysis using laser ablation (LA–ICP–MS) and ion-microprobe (SIMS) methods. Samples of the Nesmith beds and Grant Land Formation are characterized by 1000–1300, 1600–2000, and 2500–2800 Ma detrital zircon age distributions and indicate provenance from rock assemblages of the Laurentian craton. In combination with regional stratigraphic constraints, these data support an Ediacaran to Cambrian paleodrainage model that features the Nesmith beds and Grant Land Formation as the offshore marine parts of a north- to northeast-directed depositional network. Proposed stratigraphic correlations between the Nesmith beds and Ediacaran platformal units of northern Greenland are consistent with the new detrital zircon results. Cambrian stratigraphic correlations within northern Ellesmere Island are permissive, but require further investigation because the Grant Land Formation provenance signatures agree with a third-order sedimentary system that has been homogenized by longshore current or gravity-flow processes, whereas coeval shallow-water strata yield a restricted range of detrital zircon ages and imply sources from local drainage areas or underlying rock units. The detrital zircon signatures of the Franklinian passive margin resemble those for the Cordilleran and Appalachian passive margins of Laurentia, which demonstrates the widespread recycling of North American rock assemblages after late Neoproterozoic continental rifting and breakup of supercontinent Rodinia.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document