scholarly journals Analytical quantification of electrochemical ferrates for drinking water treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena A. Cataldo Hernández ◽  
Andrew May ◽  
Arman Bonakdapour ◽  
Madjid Mohseni ◽  
David P. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
Colorimetric Measurements ◽  
Analytical Quantification ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Treatments

Ferrate ions are a highly oxidizing and unstable species that are challenging to quantify and analyze. They are, however, becoming increasingly recognized as an excellent candidate for a number of applications such as for water treatment. A wider acceptance of ferrates requires an accurate assay of the produced ferrates. We report on four analytical methods (existing and new) for quantification of ferrates and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. These methods include titrimetric analysis and spectrometric techniques such as direct colorimetric measurements of ABTS or NaI colorimetric. In terms of accuracy, the cost, simplicity, and time required the modified indirect UV-Vis NaI method is shown to be the most effective of all of the four methods investigated.

Equipment and Technology Research of Ballast Water Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 414-417
Author(s):  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Marine Environmental Protection ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Marine Environmental

Biological invasions caused by Ballast water is always one of the diffcult problems of marine environmental protection, and the technology of ballast water treatment is an effective way to solve biological invasion. This article introduce many equipments of ballast water treatment, introduce physical ballast water treatment, chemical treatment and comprehensive treatment, then describes the advantages and disadvantages of these metheods.

Corrigendum: Analytical quantification of electrochemical ferrates for drinking water treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1332-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena A. Cataldo Hernández ◽  
Andrew May ◽  
Arman Bonakdapour ◽  
Madjid Mohseni ◽  
David P. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Analytical Quantification ◽  
Water Treatments

scholarly journals USE OF MODIFIED REAGENTS SOLUTIONS WHEN PREPARING DRINKING WATER

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (166) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
S. Dushkin ◽  
T. Shevchenko ◽  
O. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Aluminum Salts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Clarified Water

Currently, attention is paid to the intensification of the process of natural and wastewater treatment, improvement of technology, development of new effective methods of intensification of water treatment. This will simplify the existing technology of water treatment, reduce labor-intensive processes of preparation and dosing of reagents, reduce the cost of operating treatment plants, increase their productivity, improve quality and reduce the cost of treated water. Treatment of water with a modified coagulant solution allows to increase the hydraulic size of the coagulated suspension. The strongest effect of the modified coagulant solution has on the hydraulic suspension size of 0.2 mm/s and less, i.e. the smallest and the suspension, which is difficult to remove, which creates conditions for more intensive sedimentation in settling tanks and improve the quality of water clarification and fed to fast filters. It has been experimentally determined that the treatment of water with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant should be performed when the content of suspended solids in the clarified water is up to 100–150 mg / dm3. The color of the clarified water during treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant does not depend on the content of suspended solids and is 1.5-1.6 times lower than the color than when using a conventional coagulant solution. It is established that the use of a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant in water purification can reduce the residual aluminum content in clarified water by an average of 50-60%. The results of researches of the modified solutions of reagents which are used at preparation of drinking water are presented. It is established that water treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant allows to improve the quality of drinking water preparation by suspended solids, color, reduce the content of aluminum salts in the clarified water, thereby increasing the environmental safety of drinking water.

scholarly journals Brackish water treatment for small community by using membrane technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
V R Auliya ◽  
B D Marsono ◽  
A Yuniarto ◽  
E Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Abstract High salinity water, containing high TDS and chloride, is a common problem in coastal areas of Indonesia. The chloride content in water causes water to taste salty. It occurs in a small community of Tambak Cemandi Village, Sidoarjo. The groundwater has chloride content up to 3,694.3 mg/L, hardness 2,071 mg/L (CaCO3), and total coliform 7,100 MPN/100 mL. Membrane technology has been overgrowing all over the world in the water desalination process. This study aims to examine the basic concepts, principles, advantages, and disadvantages of membrane technology and its application in brackish water treatment for drinking purposes. This research was conducted by literature review, secondary data analysis, and application of case studies. The case study is applied to small scale drinking water treatment (flow rate 0.2 L/second) with brackish raw water from groundwater in Tambak Cemandi Village, where some of the population do not have access to safe drinking water. The study concludes that RO membranes with UF pre-treatment are adequate to treat 98%, 96%, and 100% of chloride content, hardness, and total coliform and fulfilled Indonesia Ministry regulation’s drinking water quality standard. The treatment can serve 202 people with an operational cost of Rp. 1,198/people.day.

Selecting a Miniaturized System for Identification of Enterobacteriaceae

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. COX ◽  
D. Y. C. FUNG ◽  
M. C. GOLDSCHMIDT ◽  
J. S. BAILEY ◽  
J. E. THOMSON
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factors ◽  
Diagnostic Kits ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Conventional Procedure ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Comparative Information ◽  
Identification Manual

The most commonly used commercial diagnostic kits for identification of Enterobacteriaceae are API, Enteric-Tek, Enterotube II, Micro-ID, Minitek and Spectrum-10. The accuracy of identification by all systems does not vary significantly, and falls within the acceptable range. Therefore, a bacteriologist who is considering the use of these products should evaluate factors other than accuracy when making a choice. Twenty-three professional microbiologists who had previous experience with these systems listed advantages and disadvantages of each system, and evaluated the conventional procedure for identification. The comments were summarized and presented in tabular form. The current cost per isolate of each system and the cost of the identification manual, reagents and incidental costs were also determined. These data provide the potential user with comparative information on price, shelf-life, versatility, time required for inoculation, incubation and manipulation after incubation, possible difficulties in determining positive and negative reactions, and potential safety factors for laboratory personnel.

Study on secondary reaction and fate of hazardous chemicals by oxidants

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Kim ◽  
K. H. Oh ◽  
S. H. Lee ◽  
S. S. Choi ◽  
K. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Emergency Control ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
By Products

The water treatment procedure can lead to the formation of by-products, when the drinking water source is contaminated with trace amounts of organic matter. In this study, the disinfection by-products (DBPs) of trace organic compounds were identified to provide the knowledge on the possible DBPs of the contaminated water during the general or emergent water treatment procedure. Chlorination or ozonation was performed in the laboratory scale under the conditions for the drinking water treatments, and the DBPs of 16 VOCs and 4 phenols were screened using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). By the chlorination, dichlorobenzene was produced from benzene, ethylbenzene and styrene. 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane and phenol produced 1,1,1-trichloroethane, chloroform and chlorophenol, respectively. By the ozonation, bromoform changed to dibromomethane and styrene produced benzaldehyde. Finally, the water treatment method of each classified contaminant group was suggested for the emergency control of contamination.

Bioassay Test Protocol and Results for the Inactivation of Microbes in Drinking Water With a Water Treatment System Using a Low Pressure Mercury Lamp

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy M. Taylor ◽  
Anne Hoyt ◽  
Karen J. VanderKooi ◽  
Kenneth E. Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe need for reliable and effective means of treating drinking water to prevent illness due to consumption of microbe contaminated water has been realized as early as the 19th century. The development of ultraviolet light as a means of disinfecting water, which began as early as 1901, it's advantages and disadvantages are outlined in this paper. More importantly, system devices used in water treatment must have proper design, developed through awareness of flow dynamics, the impact on ultraviolet output imparted by water characteristics both organic and inorganic, and a knowledge of microbial inactivation requirements. Reliable and valid methods of performance evaluation are important to ensure standardized industry practices, thereby safeguarding the consumer. This paper discusses various standard test methods for evaluating performance of UV water treatment devices, with test results for such a device.

A review of different drinking water treatments for natural organic matter removal

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Xinhua Zhao ◽  
Xinbo Zhang ◽  
Sen Peng
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
Water Treatments

In the past decades, natural organic matter (NOM), which is a complex heterogeneous mixture of organic materials that are commonly present in all surface, ground and soil waters, has had an adverse effect on drinking water treatment. The existence of NOM results in many problems in drinking water treatment processes, and the properties and amount of NOM can significantly affect the efficiency of these processes. NOM not only influences the water quality with respect to taste, color and odor problems, but it also reacts with disinfectants, increasing the amount of disinfection by-products. NOM can be removed from drinking water via several treatment processes, but different drinking water treatment processes have diverse influences on NOM removal and the safety of the drinking water. Several treatment options, including coagulation, adsorption, oxidation, membrane and biological treatment, have been widely used in drinking water purification processes. Therefore, it is of great importance to be able to study the influence of different treatment processes on NOM in raw waters. The present review focuses on the methods, including coagulation, adsorption, oxidation, membrane, biological treatment processes and the combination of different treatment processes, which are used for removing NOM from drinking water.

Communitywide cryptosporidiosis outbreak associated with a surface water-supplied municipal water system – Baker City, Oregon, 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. DeSILVA ◽  
S. SCHAFER ◽  
M. KENDALL SCOTT ◽  
B. ROBINSON ◽  
A. HILLS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
Filter Water ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
City Water ◽  
Water Treatments

SUMMARYCryptosporidium, a parasite known to cause large drinking and recreational water outbreaks, is tolerant of chlorine concentrations used for drinking water treatment. Human laboratory-based surveillance for enteric pathogens detected a cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Baker City, Oregon during July 2013 associated with municipal drinking water. Objectives of the investigation were to confirm the outbreak source and assess outbreak extent. The watershed was inspected and city water was tested for contamination. To determine the community attack rate, a standardized questionnaire was administered to randomly sampled households. Weighted attack rates and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Water samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium species; a Cryptosporidium parvum subtype common in cattle was detected in human stool specimens. Cattle were observed grazing along watershed borders; cattle faeces were observed within watershed barriers. The city water treatment facility chlorinated, but did not filter, water. The community attack rate was 28·3% (95% CI 22·1–33·6), sickening an estimated 2780 persons. Watershed contamination by cattle probably caused this outbreak; water treatments effective against Cryptosporidium were not in place. This outbreak highlights vulnerability of drinking water systems to pathogen contamination and underscores the need for communities to invest in system improvements to maintain multiple barriers to drinking water contamination.

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