scholarly journals A differential capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization under well-watered conditions and its relationship with drought stress mitigation in unimproved vs. improved soybean genotypes

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Soraya Salloum ◽  
María Florencia Menduni ◽  
Celina Mercedes Luna
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Modern breeding programs may cause a reduction in plant responsiveness to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that responses such as higher arbuscule formation and mycorrhizal dependency (MD) in unimproved soybean genotypes than in improved genotypes is related to drought stress tolerance caused by enhanced growth parameters and oxidative stress regulation. Firstly, four unimproved and four improved soybean genotypes were compared under well-watered conditions. After 20 days, all of the unimproved soybean genotypes showed increased arbuscule formation, as well as a positive and higher MD index in foliar mineral nutrient and growth parameters compared with the four improved genotypes. Secondly, tolerance to drought stress was evaluated in the two improved soybean genotypes and the two unimproved genotypes selected for the most contrasting response to arbuscule formation under well-watered conditions. After 20 days of 30% of field capacity, arbuscule formation was higher in the unimproved than improved genotypes. Mycorrhizal dependency evaluated as leaf area as well as shoot and root dry mass were highest in the unimproved AM genotypes. Moreover, levels of malondiadehide were lower and proline was higher in the unimproved rather than the improved genotypes. The potential capacity of arbuscule formation is discussed as a selection criterion to identify improved soybean genotypes with increased efficiency under well-watered conditions and an enhanced capacity to relieve drought stress.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Improves Rhizobium–Glycyrrhiza Seedling Symbiosis under Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Hao ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Xuelian Jiang ◽  
Zhaoxiang Wu ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Am Fungus

Rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can potentially alleviate the abiotic stress on the legume Glycyrrhiza (licorice), while the potential benefits these symbiotic microbes offer to their host plant are strongly influenced by environmental factors. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of single and combined inoculation with a rhizobium Mesorhizobium tianshanense Chen and an AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis Walker & Schuessler on Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. seedling performance under different water regimes. Drought stress inhibited rhizobium nodulation but increased mycorrhizal colonization. Furthermore, co-inoculation of rhizobium and AM fungus favored nodulation under both well-watered and drought stress conditions. Glycyrrhiza seedling growth showed a high mycorrhizal dependency. The seedlings showed a negative growth dependency to rhizobium under well-watered conditions but showed a positive response under drought stress. R. irregularis-inoculated plants showed a much higher stress tolerance index (STI) value than M. tianshanense-inoculated plants. STI value was more pronounced when plants were co-inoculated with R. irregularis and M. tianshanense compared with single-inoculated plants. Plant nitrogen concentration and contents were significantly influenced by inoculation treatments and water regimes. R. irregularis inoculation significantly increased plant shoot and root phosphorus contents. AM fungus inoculation could improve Glycyrrhiza plant–rhizobium symbiosis under drought stress, thereby suggesting that tripartite symbiotic relationships were more effective for promoting plant growth and enhancing drought tolerance.

Overexpression of MdIAA24 improves apple drought resistance by positively regulating strigolactone biosynthesis and mycorrhization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Huang ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Guangquan Jing ◽  
Mengnan Ma ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Am Symbiosis

Abstract Most land plant species have the ability to establish a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. These fungi penetrate into root cortical cells and form branched structures (known as arbuscules) for nutrient exchange. We cloned the MdIAA24 from apple (Malus domestica) following its up-regulation during AM symbiosis. Results demonstrate the positive impact of the overexpression (OE) of MdIAA24 in apple on AM colonization. We observed the strigolactone (SL) synthesis genes, including MdD27, MdCCD7, MdCCD8a, MdCCD8b and MdMAXa, to be up-regulated in the OE lines. Thus, the OE lines exhibited both a higher SL content and colonization rate. Furthermore, we observed that the OE lines were able to maintain better growth parameters under AM inoculation conditions. Under drought stress with the AM inoculation, the OE lines were less damaged, which was demonstrated by a higher relative water content, a lower relative electrolytic leakage, a greater osmotic adjustment, a higher reactive oxygen species scavenging ability, an improved gas exchange capacity and an increased chlorophyll fluorescence performance. Our findings demonstrate that the OE of MdIAA24 in apple positively regulates the synthesis of SL and the formation of arbuscules as a drought stress coping mechanism.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal symbiosis alleviates plant drought stress within and across plant generations via plasticity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Puy ◽  
Carlos Perez Carmona ◽  
Inga Hiiesalu ◽  
Maarja Opik ◽  
Mari Moora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Am Symbiosis

Phenotypic plasticity is essential for organisms to adapt to local ecological conditions. Little is known about how mutualistic interactions, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, mediate plant phenotypic plasticity and to what extent this plasticity may be heritable (i.e. transgenerational effects). We tested for plant plasticity within- and across-generations in response to AM symbiosis and varying water availability in a full factorial experiment over two generations, using the perennial apomictic herb Taraxacum brevicorniculatum. We examined changes in phenotype, performance, and AM fungal colonization of the offspring throughout plant development. AM symbiosis and water availability triggered phenotypic changes during the life cycle of plants. Additionally, both triggered adaptive transgenerational effects, especially detectable during the juvenile stage. Drought stress and absence of AM fungi caused concordant plant phenotypic modifications towards a stress-coping phenotype within- and across-generations. AM fungal colonization of offspring was also affected by the parental environment. AM symbiosis can trigger transgenerational effects, including changes in functional traits related to resource-use acquisition and AM fungal colonization of the offspring, in turn affecting the biotic interaction. Thus, transgenerational effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis are not limited to plant fitness, but also improve plants ability to cope with environmental stress.

scholarly journals Dendrocalamus strictus ((Roxb.) Nees): A Suitable Host for the Maintenance and Propagation of AM Fungi under Temperate Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shipra Singh ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Anita Pandey ◽  
Lok Man S. Palni
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Dendrocalamus Strictus

Dendrocalamus strictus ((Roxb.) Nees) was tested as a perennial host plant for propagation of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal consortium, initially isolated from rhizosphere of tea plants growing in the colder regions. The host performance in terms of colonization and spore production was compared with two annual hosts. The mycorrhizal dependency and growth enhancement potential were analyzed to test the suitability of D. strictus as a host plant. After 90 days of growth, 77.2% roots of D. strictus were found to be colonized by AM fungi with a spore count of 7 per g soil. AM fungal colonization and spore density values were lower in case of the host plants tested. Growth of D. strictus plants was found to be enhanced, in terms of all studied parameters; significant increases were recorded in shoot length as well as fresh and dry weight of shoots, a part of commercial importance. Similarly, P content, protein concentration, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents were found to increase significantly. These data suggest that D. strictus can be used for the multiplication of AM fungi, isolated originally from the rhizosphere of tea; simultaneously, higher shoot biomass can provide additional economic benefit, using this environment friendly technology.

scholarly journals Application of Mycorrhizal Technology for Improving Yield Production of Common Bean Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal M. Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Wafaa M. Shukry ◽  
Mahmoud M.B. Shokr ◽  
Mai A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Common Bean Plants

This study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi with different levels of NPK fertilizers on yield production of common bean plants which common bean plants were subjected to five levels of NPK fertilizers (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 %). Application of AMF significantly increased the growth and yield components of common beans with minimized the levels of NPK comparing to equivalents non-mycorrhizal ones. The results obtained revealed that inoculation with AMF and the concentrations 50% and 75% of NPK with AMF are the greater than other concentrations and non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal Common bean plants had significantly higher number of pods, length of one pod, pods weight, 100 seeds weight, weight of seed/plant and intensity of mycorrhizal colonization(M%) . Concentrations of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and total carbohydrates, crude protein and mycorrhizal dependency of some yield parameters were significantly increased in mycorrhizal plants at different NPK levels when comparing to those of non-mycorrhizal plants paticularly at (50% and 75%) concentration of NPK, but lower Na concentration in mycorrhizal common bean seeds than those of non-mycorrhizal.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 191-197

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Sclerotium rolfsii in Groundnut by Using Microbial Inoculants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khirood DOLEY ◽  
Mayura DUDHANE ◽  
Mahesh BORDE
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Microbial Strains

Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.) is the causal agent of stem-rot in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)crop. With the increase in demand for the groundnut, control of stem-rot efficiently by microbial strains is fast becoming inevitable as the conventional system of chemicals is degrading our ecosystem. This investigation here emphasizes on inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma species for growth achievement and disease control. The present investigation showed that these microbial strains were found to be worth applying as they stimulated growth and decreased harmful effects of S. rolfsii (cv. ‘Western-51’). The increased biochemical parameters and antioxidant activities also indicated their defence related activities in groundnut plants. In spite of positive attributes meted out by these microbial strains towards groundnut crop, the interaction among AM fungi and Trichoderma species seemed to be less co-operative between each other which were noted when mycorrhizal dependency and percent root colonization were observed. However, in summary more practical application of low-input AM fungi along with Trichoderma species may be needed for the advancement of modern agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Stable C and N isotope natural abundances of intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Mycorrhiza ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-780
Author(s):  
Saskia Klink ◽  
Philipp Giesemann ◽  
Timo Hubmann ◽  
Johanna Pausch
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
C And N

Abstract Data for stable C and N isotope natural abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are currently sparse, as fungal material is difficult to access for analysis. So far, isotope analyses have been limited to lipid compounds associated with fungal membranes or storage structures (biomarkers), fungal spores and soil hyphae. However, it remains unclear whether any of these components are an ideal substitute for intraradical AM hyphae as the functional nutrient trading organ. Thus, we isolated intraradical hyphae of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis from roots of the grass Festuca ovina and the legume Medicago sativa via an enzymatic and a mechanical approach. In addition, extraradical hyphae were isolated from a sand-soil mix associated with each plant. All three approaches revealed comparable isotope signatures of R. irregularis hyphae. The hyphae were 13C- and 15N-enriched relative to leaves and roots irrespective of the plant partner, while they were enriched only in 15N compared with soil. The 13C enrichment of AM hyphae implies a plant carbohydrate source, whereby the enrichment was likely reduced by an additional plant lipid source. The 15N enrichment indicates the potential of AM fungi to gain nitrogen from an organic source. Our isotope signatures of the investigated AM fungus support recent findings for mycoheterotrophic plants which are suggested to mirror the associated AM fungi isotope composition. Stable isotope natural abundances of intraradical AM hyphae as the functional trading organ for bi-directional carbon-for-mineral nutrient exchanges complement data on spores and membrane biomarkers.

Impact of soil sterilization and irrigation intervals on P and K acquisition by mycorrhizal onion (Allium cepa)

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Aliasgharzad ◽  
Saheb Bolandnazar ◽  
Mohammad Neyshabouri ◽  
Nader Chaparzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

AbstractDrought is a world-spread problem seriously influencing crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association and soil microorganisms can help plant growth under water stress condition by improvement of its nutrient and water uptake. In this experiment, onion plants (Allium cepa L. cv. Red Azar Shahr) were inoculated with three AM fungi species (Glomus versiforme, G. intraradices, G. etunicatum) or left un-inoculated as non-mycorrhizal plants, in a sterile or non-sterile sandy loam soil. Plants were irrigated at 7, 9 or 11-day intervals to keep the soil moisture content to field capacity at the irrigation time. Mycorrhizal root colonization decreased (p < 0.05) with an increase in irrigation interval, and the highest root colonization was achieved at 7-day irrigated onions in symbiosis with G. versiforme. Phosphorus content in plant tissue was significantly increased in mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal onions. Plants inoculated with G. versiforme at 9-day interval treatment had the highest leaf P content, while the lowest P was observed in non-mycorrhizal plants at all irrigation intervals. Onions inoculated by G. versiforme or G. etunicatum at 9-day irrigation interval had the highest K content. Results revealed that the inoculation of onion plant with G. versiforme or G. etunicatum and increasing irrigation interval up to 9 days, could improve P and K uptake.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizae Applications in Sustainable Forestry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayakar Govindu ◽  
Anusha Duvva ◽  
Srinivas Podeti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Sustainable Forestry ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Am Symbiosis ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Forest Plants

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association is the most common symbiotic association of plants with microbes. AM fungi occur in the majority of natural habitats and they provide a range of important biological services, in particular by improving plant nutrition, abiotic resistance, and soil structure and fertility. AM fungi also interact with most crop varieties and forest plants. The possible benefit of AM fungi in forestry can be achieved through a combination of inoculum methods. The mycorrhizal inoculum levels in the soil and their colonization in different forest plant roots which leads to reduce the fertilizers, pathogen effects and fungicides and to protect topsoil, soil erosion, and water-logging. Currently, several reports were suggested that AM symbiosis can improve the potential for different plant species. Two steps could be used to produce high yielding of different plant biomass that would be both mycorrhizal dependency and suitability for sowing into the field with high inoculum levels Therefore, the wide-scale inoculation of AM fungi on forest trees will become economically important. The successful research is required in the area of mass production of AM fungal inoculum and AM fungi associated with roots which will contribute to sustainable forestry.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Mechanisms Underlying Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Plants Mediated by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Cheng ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
Abeer Hashem ◽  
Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symbiotic Association

Plants are often subjected to various environmental stresses during their life cycle, among which drought stress is perhaps the most significant abiotic stress limiting plant growth and development. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, a group of beneficial soil fungi, can enhance the adaptability and tolerance of their host plants to drought stress after infecting plant roots and establishing a symbiotic association with their host plant. Therefore, AM fungi represent an eco-friendly strategy in sustainable agricultural systems. There is still a need, however, to better understand the complex mechanisms underlying AM fungi-mediated enhancement of plant drought tolerance to ensure their effective use. AM fungi establish well-developed, extraradical hyphae on root surfaces, and function in water absorption and the uptake and transfer of nutrients into host cells. Thus, they participate in the physiology of host plants through the function of specific genes encoded in their genome. AM fungi also modulate morphological adaptations and various physiological processes in host plants, that help to mitigate drought-induced injury and enhance drought tolerance. Several AM-specific host genes have been identified and reported to be responsible for conferring enhanced drought tolerance. This review provides an overview of the effect of drought stress on the diversity and activity of AM fungi, the symbiotic relationship that exists between AM fungi and host plants under drought stress conditions, elucidates the morphological, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying AM fungi-mediated enhanced drought tolerance in plants, and provides an outlook for future research.

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