Smoke originating from different plants has various effects on germination and seedling growth of species in Fescue Prairie

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1141-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Ren ◽  
Yuguang Bai
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Festuca Hallii ◽  
Seed Regeneration ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Radical Length

Little is known about how smoke, an important germination cue, influences seed regeneration of species in Fescue Prairies. Whether germination and seedling growth responses vary with smoke produced from different materials is still ambiguous. In this study, seeds of four forbs from a Fescue Prairie were primed in serial dilutions of aqueous smoke solutions produced from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), prairie hay (Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper), and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.), and incubated at 10–0 °C or 25–15 °C in a 12 h light – 12 h dark cycle or 24 h darkness for 49 d. Nonprimed seeds and those primed in distilled water were used as controls. Germination and radical length of Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist increased after priming in concentrated smoke-solutions derived from alfalfa, but decreased after priming in the same concentrated smoke solutions made from prairie hay and wheat straw at 25–15 °C in 24 h darkness. Smoke substituted for light improved germination of Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Our results indicate that the effect of smoke on seed germination and seedling growth was temperature- and light-dependent. It appears that smoke produced from alfalfa had different compounds that, in turn, had different germination and seedling growth responses as compared with the smoke produced from prairie hay and wheat straw.

Wheat straw placement effects on total phenolic compounds in soil and corn seedling growth

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Opoku ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
R. P. Voroney
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Sampling Times

The effects of placement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw on the release of phenolic compounds potentially phytotoxic to corn (Zea mays L.) seedling growth were examined in plastic pots under controlled conditions in growth cabinets. The treatments were soil only (control), soil with straw only in the top 2.5 cm, and soil with mixed straw. Each of these treatments was either sown or not sown with corn. Corn radicle length and seedling biomass were significantly reduced, relative to other treatments, when wheat straw was present only in the top layer of soil. Water extracts from soil with surface straw had higher amounts of total phenolic compounds than the other treatments at each of the sampling times. The concentration of phenolic compounds increased with time, with average amounts at 14 and 28 d being 53 and 77%, respectively, of the concentration at 42 d. The presence of corn reduced the amount of phenolic compounds at 14 and 42 d compared with when corn was absent (P = 0.01). Water extracts prepared from soil after 42 d from all the treatments were used to investigate germination of corn seeds. Germination of corn seeds and radicle extension were inhibited by water extracts from all the above soils at 42 d compared with the control (deionized water). Coleoptile length was inhibited when concentration of phenolic compounds exceeded 10 ppm. Soil NO3-N differences among the treatments were insignificant at the various sampling times. This indicated that the observed corn growth differences were mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Key words: Wheat (winter), straw replacement, phenolic acids, seedling, allelopathy

Comparison of pre-treatments for inducing germination in highly dormant wheat genotypes

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Matus-Cádiz ◽  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Pre Treatment

An effective dormancy-breaking method may be of interest to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders selecting for increased seed dormancy prior to advancing their populations in greenhouse grow-outs. The objective of this study was to identify an effective pre-treatment for breaking dormancy in wheat that did not result in seedling etiolation. In 2000, eight dormant (W98616, line 211, EMDR-4, EMDR-9, EMDR-14, RL4137, Columbus, and AC Domain) and one nondormant line (Roblin) were grown at two locations in Saskatchewan. Seeds were: (i) stored for zero to 21 wks at 24°C before incubating at 20°C for 7 d; (ii) incubated at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 14 d; and (iii) treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.0006 and 0.0014 M), potassium nitrate (KNO3) (0.01 and 0.02 M), chilling, heating, chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, and heating with 0.01 M KNO3 before incubating at 10°C for 14 d. Seedling growth was observed in a duplicated growth chamber experiment. Seedling length, first inter-node length, and biomass yield data were collected from plants grown from seeds treated with four effective pretreatments. Data were subjected to an ANOVA. Six to 18 weeks of storage at 24°C were required to break the dormancy (≥ 95% germination) in dormant genotypes. Incubation at 10°C was the most effective temperature for promoting germination in dormant seeds after 10d of testing. Four pre-treatments including 0.0006 M GA3, 0.0014 M GA3, chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, and heating with 0.01 M KNO3 led to ≥ 95% germination within 10 d of testing. Only GA3 treatments were associated with etiolated seedling growth. Heating with 0.01 M KNO3 or chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, applied before incubating at 10°C in darkness, may be of interest to breeders selecting for increased dormancy before advancing breeding populations in greenhouse grow-outs. Key words: Triticum, dormancy, nitrate, chilling, heating, etiolated seedling

scholarly journals Influence of boron on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashagre Habtamu ◽  
A. Hamza Ibrahim ◽  
Fita Urgecha ◽  
Nedesa Worku
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L

Seedling Growth Responses of Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) to Tebuthiuron and Honey Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Allen Rasmussen ◽  
Roger P. Smith ◽  
Charles J. Scifres
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Prosopis Glandulosa ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Pennisetum Ciliare ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Soil Changes ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Tebuthiuron {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N,N′-dimethylurea} at 2 or 4 ppmw placed 0 to 3, 8 to 11, or 15 to 18 cm deep in soil columns reduced root and shoot weights of buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare(L.) Link # PESCI] 30 days after emergence. Plains bristlegrass (Setaria macrostachyaH.B.K.) seedling shoot weights were not reduced when 2 ppmw tebuthiuron was placed 8 to 11 cm deep or deeper. Effects of tebuthiuron at 0.13 to 0.50 ppmw on buffelgrass shoot and net tiller production were not moderated by the presence of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa# PRCJG) in the pots. However, regardless of tebuthiuron dosage, average height and shoot weight of buffelgrass seedlings were greater when seedlings were grown in soil collected from beneath honey mesquite canopies compared to growth in soil from interspaces. Therefore, spatial variations in buffelgrass response to applications of tebuthiuron for control of invading shrubs may largely be attributed to soil changes induced by woody plants rather than to presence of shrubs.

No-till alfalfa stand termination strategies: Alfalfa control and wheat and barley production

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bullied ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
S. R. Smith Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Crown Area ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Relationship

Crop rotations involving perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) present the unique problem of terminating the alfalfa stand. Intensive tillage currently used to terminate alfalfa increases the risk of soil erosion and reduces many of the rotational benefits from alfalfa. Inadequate alfalfa termination results in severe competition to the following crop by surviving alfalfa plants. Field experiments were conducted in Manitoba between 1991 and 1993 with the following objectives: 1) to investigate no-till vs. tillage management systems for successful alfalfa termination, 2) to compare fall vs. spring alfalfa termination, 3) to compare the performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeded into alfalfa residue, and 4) to determine the relationship between alfalfa escapes and grain yield. Fall termination produced higher grain yields than spring termination, however this advantage was only achieved with the better termination treatments capable of lowering alfalfa regrowth below a critical level. The best herbicide treatment tested here was glyphosate at 1.78 kg a.i. ha−1. Successful treatments would have to reduce residual alfalfa basal crown area (a measure of alfalfa regrowth potential) after cereal grain harvest to below 2%. Alfalfa escapes reduced yield of following wheat and barley crops similarly (P > 0.05). When alfalfa termination treatment method allowed some regrowth, in-crop herbicide treatments significantly reduced alfalfa basal crown area. Results of this study indicate that it is feasible to terminate alfalfa with herbicides in the absence of tillage, however an overall cropping strategy, including adequate consideration of weeds present in alfalfa fields at time of termination, must be considered. Key words: Herbicides, competition, recropping, no-till, alfalfa regrowth, soil conservation, sustainable cropping

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document