scholarly journals Differences in photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidant system between invasive Alnus formosana and its native congener in response to different irradiance levels

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1087-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-liang Liu ◽  
Rong-jie Yang ◽  
Bo Ren ◽  
Mao-hua Wang ◽  
Ming-dong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii

We compared the invasive Alnus formosana (Burk.) Makino with its native congener (Alnus cremastogyne Burk.) at three irradiances in terms of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidant system. The increased light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax) and light saturation point (LSP) contributed directly to the increased performance of the invasive. The invasive species had also higher plasticity in carotenoid and total chlorophyll than the native species at 100% irradiance, potentially contributing to invasion success in high-irradiance locations via photoprotection. Moreover, the diurnal photoinhibition of photosynthesis, as judged by the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) of dark-adapted leaves, was more severe in the native species than in the invasive species. With increasing irradiance, the invasive exhibited increased antioxidant activities and higher antioxidant levels to support the adverse conditions of both low- and high-irradiance acclimation. In contrast, the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and stomatal limitation (Ls) decreased with increases in the net photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr). We speculated that Ls was the main factor inhibiting the An for both studied species. These results first indicated that the invasive may occupy new habitats successfully through tolerating shading at low irradiance and out-compete native species through higher Amax and antioxidant levels when irradiance is increased.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF BIO-ALGEEN S90 ON THE GROWTHOF MULTIFLORA ROSE SEEDLINGS (Rosa multiflora Thunb.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Mariusz Szmagara ◽  
Krystyna Pudelska ◽  
Wojciech Durlak ◽  
Barbara Marcinek ◽  
Kamila Rojek
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rosa Multiflora ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Natural Agent

Striving to intensify horticultural production, new and more effective bio-preparations are being sought to stimulate plant growth and development. Bio-algeen S90 is a natural agent based on sea algae, the high bi- ological activity of which results from the high content of natural growth regulators. The aim of the study was to verify the influence of Bio-algeen S90 on the growth, morphological characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence of Rosa multiflora seedlings. The bio-preparation was applied one, two and three times at con- centrations: 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg.dm−3. Following parameters were measured to evaluate the response of plants to the bio-preparation: F0 – initial fluorescence, Fm – maximal fluorescence in the dark-adapted state, Fv/Fm – maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII. All concentrations of the bio-preparation and frequency of its application stimulated the number of shoots in a bush, the length of shoots and the diameter of the root crown of plants intended for budding. The most beneficial was the two-fold bio-preparation application at a concentration of 0.4 mg.dm–3. Bio-algeen also positively influenced the chlorophyll fluorescence parame- ters. The highest mean F0 and Fm values were recorded with the two-fold preparation treatment. There was no significant effect of the bio-preparation on the Fv/Fm index, which was within the range of 0.75–0.66.

scholarly journals Native turncoats and indirect facilitation of species invasions

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1871) ◽  
pp. 20171936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobin D. Northfield ◽  
Susan G. W. Laurance ◽  
Margaret M. Mayfield ◽  
Dean R. Paini ◽  
William E. Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Indirect Interactions ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Species Invasion ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Indirect Facilitation

At local scales, native species can resist invasion by feeding on and competing with would-be invasive species. However, this relationship tends to break down or reverse at larger scales. Here, we consider the role of native species as indirect facilitators of invasion and their potential role in this diversity-driven ‘invasion paradox’. We coin the term ‘native turncoats’ to describe native facilitators of non-native species and identify eight ways they may indirectly facilitate species invasion. Some are commonly documented, while others, such as indirect interactions within competitive communities, are largely undocumented in an invasion context. Therefore, we use models to evaluate the likelihood that these competitive interactions influence invasions. We find that native turncoat effects increase with the number of resources and native species. Furthermore, our findings suggest the existence, abundance and effectiveness of native turncoats in a community could greatly influence invasion success at large scales.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool to select salinity-tolerant cowpea genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Jaima Ribeiro de Andrade ◽  
Sebastião De Oliveira Maia Júnior ◽  
José Wilson Da Silva Barbosa ◽  
Aryadne Ellen Vilar de Alencar ◽  
Raphael Silva Jovino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Efficient Selection

The use of saline water reduces the growth and productivity of crops, so the need for techniques that make possible the use of this resource such as the use of salinity tolerant genotypes and efficient selection methods are of great importance. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes to salt stress, through the chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, using a completely randomized design in a 2 x 10 factorial arrangement, with three replications, consisting of two levels of irrigation water salinity (0.6 and 5.1 dS m-1) and ten cowpea genotypes: (G1: MNCO1-649F-2-1, G2: MNCO3-736F-2, G3: PINGO DE OURO-1-2, G4: BRS GURGUÉIA, G5: BRS MARATAOÃ, G6: MNCO2-676F-3, G7: MNCO2-683F-1, G8: MNCO3-737F-5-4, G9: MNCO3-737F-5-9, and G10: BRS TUMUCUMAQUE). The stem length, stem diameter, SPAD index, and chlorophyll fluorescence transients were evaluated. The G2 and G4 genotypes had the lowest reductions in the growth, stem diameter, initial fluorescence, and primary and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, proving to be tolerant to salinity. Chlorophyll fluorescence is a tool that can be used in the selection of salinity-tolerant cowpea genotypes.

scholarly journals Physiological behavior of Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg. seedlings under flooding and shading

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3149-3166
Author(s):  
Maílson Vieira Jesus ◽  
◽  
Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon ◽  
Daiane Mugnol Dresch ◽  
Jéssica Aline Linné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Physiological Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Main Factor

Physiological information about native species, make it possible to know their potential for use in programs to recovery degraded areas. Nowadays climate changes are severe and factors as water and light are involved with plant development and growth. We hypothesized that shading may contribute to adjusting the characteristics of photosynthetic metabolism of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seedlings under flooding. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the flooding times and shading levels for gas exchanges and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) in C. xanthocarpa seedlings. Seedlings were grown under two water regimes (control and flooding), three levels of shading (0, 30, and 70%) and 4 evaluation periods (0, 15, 30, and 45 days). We verified damages to the photosynthetic apparatus and reductions in the efficiency of the photochemical process under flooding and at a high level of shading (70%) in a short period (15 days). However, seedlings showed favourable responses to the adjustment over the 45 days of exposure to those conditions. According to the multivariate analysis, it was possible to identify the relation between photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance as the main factor of metabolic adjustments in the tolerance of C. xanthocarpa to flooding and high shading intensity. C. xanthocarpa was more sensitive to short periods of flooding conditions and full sun and high level of shading (70%), however, it presented better adjustment responses to flooding periods when associated with 30% shade.

scholarly journals Comparison of Grazing Impacts Between the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail Potamopyrgus Antipidarum, and Native Macroinvertebrates

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Amy Krist ◽  
Caroline Charles
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Grazing Impacts ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Periphyton Biomass ◽  
New Zealand Mudsnail

To understand the impacts of an herbivorous invasive species on native herbivores, it is critical to quantify the relative impact of the invasive and the native species on shared resources. In a field experiment, we compared grazing efficacy of periphyton by the invasive New Zealand mudsnail, Potamopyrgus antipidarum, and 3 native macroinvertebrate grazers. Depending on the measure of periphyton biomass, P. antipodarum removed as much or more periphyton than any of the native grazers. When we examined diatom genera individually, P. antipodarum also suppressed the relative abundance of the greatest number of diatom genera and suppressed those diatoms more than the native grazers. As a result, P. antipodarum should compete strongly for periphyton with native grazers. In particular, because Ephemerella mayflies were the second most effective grazers and grazed many diatom genera similarly to the invasive snails, these mayflies may be competing with P. antipodarum in the introduced range. Overall, grazing ability may contribute to the invasion success of P. antipodarum.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Yield of Peanut in Response to Biochar Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujun Wang ◽  
Junlin Zheng ◽  
Yujia Wang ◽  
Qingfeng Yang ◽  
Taotao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Plant Nitrogen

The effect of biochar application on photosynthetic traits and yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is not well understood. A 2-year field experiment was conducted in Northwest Liaoning, China to evaluate the effect of biochar application [0, 10, 20, and 40 t ha−1 (B0, B10, B20, and B40)] on leaf gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and yield of peanut. B10 improved photochemical quenching at flowering and pod set and reduced non-photochemical quenching at pod set, relative to B0. B10 and B20 increased actual photochemical efficiency and decreased regulated energy dissipated at pod set, relative to B0. B10 significantly increased net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency at flowering and pod set, relative to B0. Compared with B0, B10 significantly improved peanut yield (14.6 and 13.7%) and kernel yield (20.2 and 14.4%). Biochar application increased leaf nitrogen content. B10 and B20 significantly increased plant nitrogen accumulation, as compared to B0. The net photosynthetic rate of peanut leaves had a linear correlation with plant nitrogen accumulation and peanut yield. The application of 10 t ha−1 biochar produced the highest peanut yield by enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity, and is thus a promising strategy for peanut production in Northwest Liaoning, China.

Introduction bias: Imbalance in species introductions may obscure the identification of traits associated with invasiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estibaliz Palma ◽  
Jian Yen ◽  
Peter Vesk ◽  
Montserrat Vila ◽  
Jane Catford
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Species Invasion ◽  
Species Introductions ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Introduction Pathway ◽  
Need To Evaluate

The introduction stage is usually overlooked in trait-based studies of invasiveness, implicitly assuming that species introductions are random. However, human activities promote the movement of specific types of species. Thus, species deliberately introduced for distinct purposes (e.g. gardening, forestry) or as contaminants of human commodities (e.g. stowaway) will likely show particular traits. If species with certain traits have been preferentially introduced (i.e. introduction bias), some traits may have been mistakenly linked to species' invasion abilities due to their influence on introduction probability. In this work, we propose a theoretical framework with different scenarios of introduction bias. The introduction scenarios are: (1) Random introduction, independent from traits; (2) Biologically biased introduction, following the worldwide distribution of the trait; and (3) Human biased introduction, following a theoretical introduction pathway that favours the introduction of species with high values of the trait. We evaluate how the introduced trait distributions in these scenarios may affect trait distributions in naturalized and invasive species pools under different hypothesized associations between traits and the probabilities of naturalization and invasion. The aim of this work is to identify situations where ignoring introduction bias may lead to spurious correlations being found between species' traits and species' ability to become naturalized or invasive. Our framework strongly points to the need to evaluate the traits of species that have become naturalized or invasive along with the traits of species that have failed to do so in order to unravel any existing introduction bias that may confound the correlation between species' traits and invasion success. Overlooking a possible introduction bias may lead to the overestimation of the correlation between the trait and the species' invasion ability, especially in cases when the pool of introduced species shows extreme values of the trait distribution (as compared to a random introduction). Trait-based studies that deserve special attention to avoid undesired effects of introduction bias on their findings are: those that investigate naturalization using only the pool of naturalized species, and those studies that examine invasiveness by comparing invasive species with native species.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Ethyl Cinnamate on the Photosynthesis and Physiological Characteristics ofChlorella vulgarisBased on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Flow Cytometry Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Jiao ◽  
Hui-Ling Ouyang ◽  
Yu-Jiao Jiang ◽  
Xiang-Zhen Kong ◽  
Wei He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽  
Average Cell Size ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii

The toxic effects of ethyl cinnamate on the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics ofChlorella vulgariswere studied based on chlorophyll fluorescence and flow cytometry analysis. Parameters, including biomass,Fv/Fm(maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII), ФPSII(actual photochemical efficiency of PSII in the light), FDA, and PI staining fluorescence, were measured. The results showed the following: (1) The inhibition on biomass increased as the exposure concentration increased. 1 mg/L ethyl cinnamate was sufficient to reduce the total biomass ofC. vulgaris. The 48-h and 72-h EC50 values were 2.07 mg/L (1.94–2.20) and 1.89 mg/L (1.82–1.97). (2) After 24 h of exposure to 2–4 mg/L ethyl cinnamate, the photosynthesis ofC. vulgarisalmost ceased, manifesting in ФPSIIbeing close to zero. After 72 h of exposure to 4 mg/L ethyl cinnamate, theFv/FmofC. vulgarisdropped to zero. (3) Ethyl cinnamate also affected the cellular physiology ofC. vulgaris, but these effects resulted in the inhibition of cell yield rather than cell death. Exposure to ethyl cinnamate resulted in decreased esterase activities inC. vulgaris, increased average cell size, and altered intensities of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Overall, esterase activity was the most sensitive variable.

Thermostability and Photostability of Photosystem II of the Resurrection Plant Haberlea rhodopensis Studied by Chlorophyll Fluorescence

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katya Georgieva ◽  
Liliana Maslenkova
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Resurrection Plant ◽  
Haberlea Rhodopensis ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii

The stability of PSII in leaves of the resurrection plant Haberlea rhodopensis to high temperature and high light intensities was studied by means of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. The photochemical efficiency of PSII in well-hydrated Haberlea leaves was not significantly influenced by temperatures up to 40 °C. F0 reached a maximum at 50 °C, which is connected with blocking of electron transport in reaction center II. The intrinsic efficiency of PSII photochemistry, monitored as Fv/Fm was less vulnerable to heat stress than the quantum yield of PSII electron transport under illumination (ΦPSII). The reduction of ΦPSII values was mainly due to a decrease in the proportion of open PSII centers (qP). Haberlea rhodopensis was very sensitive to photoinhibition. The light intensity of 120 μmol m−2 s−1 sharply decreased the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry and it was almost fully inhibited at 350 μmol m−2 s−1. As could be expected decreased photochemical efficiency of PSII was accompanied by increased proportion of thermal energy dissipation, which is considered as a protective effect regulating the light energy distribution in PSII. When differentiating between the three components of qN it was evident that the energy-dependent quenching, qE, was prevailing over photoinhibitory quenching, qI, and the quenching related to state 1-state 2 transitions, qT, at all light intensities at 25 °C. However, the qE values declined with increasing temperature and light intensities. The qI was higher than qE at 40 °C and it was the major part of qN at 45 °C, indicating a progressing photoinhibition of the photosynthetic apparatus.

scholarly journals Phylogenetically diverse native systems are more resistant to invasive plant species on Robben Island, South Africa

Genome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Kowiyou Yessoufou ◽  
Bezeng S. Bezeng ◽  
Orou G. Gaoue ◽  
Thato Bengu ◽  
Michelle van der Bank
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Alien Invasive Species ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Robben Island

Alien invasive species are problematic both economically and ecologically, particularly on islands. As such, understanding how they interact with their environment is necessary to inform invasive species management. Here, we ask the following questions: What are the main functional traits that correlate with invasion success of alien plants on Robben Island? How does phylogenetic structure shape biotic interactions on the island? Using multiple approaches to explore these questions, we found that alien invasive species flower later during the year and for longer period, although flowering phenology was sensitive to alternative starting date. Additionally, we observed that alien invasive species are mostly abiotically pollinated and are generally hermaphroditic whilst their native counterparts rely on biotic pollinators, flower earlier, and are generally dioecious, suggesting that alien invasive and native species use different ecological niches. Furthermore, we found a facilitative interaction between an alien invasive legume and other invasive plants as predicted by the invasional meltdown hypothesis, but this does not influence the phylogenetic structure of plant communities. Finally, phylogenetically diverse set of native species are less receptive to alien invasive species. Collectively, our findings reveal how biotic interactions and phylogenetic relatedness structure alien invasive – native co-existence.

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