Antheridiogen and abscisic acid affect conversion and ANI1 expression in Ceratopteris richardii gametophytes

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Ganger ◽  
Julia A. Girouard ◽  
Hannah M. Smith ◽  
Beth A. Bahny ◽  
Sarah J. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Ceratopteris Richardii ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Distinct Role

The development of male Ceratopteris richardii Brongn. gametophytes (induction) is well studied. Males develop in response to hermaphrodite-produced antheridiogen, which coincides with induced expression of ANI1 (antheridiogen-induced 1). Induction is blocked by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). Conversion of male gametophytes to hermaphrodites occurs when males are removed from antheridiogen and is a less understood process. In this study, males were exposed to ABA at 0 μmol·L−1, 1 μmol·L−1, 10 μmol·L−1, 100 μmol·L−1, and 300 μmol·L−1 and monitored for conversion. RT-qPCR methodology was developed to examine ANI1 expression levels in gametophytes outside of induction. Conversion of male gametophytes occurred more often and more quickly in media lacking ABA, and at lower ABA concentrations than at higher concentrations. ANI1 expression dropped significantly in males transferred to media lacking antheridiogen, but remained high in males remaining in the presence of antheridiogen and in those transferred to ABA. ANI1 expression was higher in 24 day old hermaphrodites relative to 24 day old males and at comparable expression levels to 6 day old gametophytes. These results suggest ABA serves a distinct role in conversion compared with induction, and ANI1 is expressed throughout the male’s lifespan and in older hermaphrodites.

scholarly journals NaCl-induced expression of glutathione reductase in roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings is mediated through hydrogen peroxide but not abscisic acid

2009 ◽  
Vol 320 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chwan-Yang Hong ◽  
Yun-Yang Chao ◽  
Min-Yu Yang ◽  
Sin-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Shih-Chueh Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Induced Expression

scholarly journals Hydrogen sulfide improves ox‑LDL‑induced expression levels of Lp‑PLA2 in THP‑1 monocytes via the p38MAPK pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-Jing Hu ◽  
Jie Qiu ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Han Tang ◽  
Shun-Lin Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
P38mapk Pathway

scholarly journals Effect of Exogenous Gibberellin, Paclobutrazol, Abscisic Acid, and Ethrel Application on Bulblet Development in Lycoris radiata

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxu Xu ◽  
Qingzhu Li ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Liuyan Yang ◽  
Yongchun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Lycoris Radiata ◽  
Bulblet Development

Lycoris species have great ornamental and medicinal values; however, their low regeneration efficiency significantly restricts their commercial production. Exogenous hormone application is an effective way to promote bulblet development, but their effect on Lycoris radiata has not been verified to date. In the present study, we examined the effect of different exogenous hormones on bulblet development in L. radiata, and found that gibberellic acid (GA) significantly inhibited, whereas paclobutrazol (PBZ), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethrel promoted bulblet development, especially PBZ, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor. Furthermore, GA reduced endogenous cytokinin (CK) content, as well as the activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, including sucrose synthase (SUS) and glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase (AGPase), by downregulating the expression levels of LrSUS1, LrSUS2, and genes encoding AGPase large and small subunits. This resulted in the decrease in carbohydrate accumulation in the bulblets, thus hindering their development. PBZ had the opposite effect to GA on carbohydrate metabolism; it decreased endogenous GA15 and GA24, thereby promoting bulblet development. ABA promoted endogenous auxin content and the activities of starch synthesis enzymes, especially soluble starch synthase (SSS) and granule-bound SS (GBSS), through the up-regulation of the expression levels of LrSS1, LrSS2, and LrGBSS1 genes, which could also result in the accumulation of carbohydrates in the bulblets and promote their development. In addition, ethrel application partly promoted bulblet development by promoting endogenous CK content. Although the accumulation of carbohydrates and the activity of starch enzymes were increased by ethrel treatment, we hypothesized that the effect of ethrel on regulating carbohydrate metabolism may be indirect. Our results could provide a basis for improving the propagation efficiency of L. radiata for production, as well as propose some directions for future research.

Effect of Exogenous Abscisic acid (ABA) on the Morphology, Phytohormones, and Related Gene Expression of Developing Lateral Roots in ‘Qingzhen 1’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Zhang ◽  
Shaohuan Li ◽  
Ting Tang ◽  
Jiangping Mao ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Primary Stress ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Lateral roots (LRs) are critical for plant stress tolerance and productivity. Understanding how hormones and genes interact in a fluctuating environment to coordinate LR development is a major challenge. Abscisic acid (ABA) is the primary stress-responsive hormone and mediates LR development in various plant species. However, the effect of exogenous ABA on LR development has not been elucidated in apple. In this study, ‘Qingzhen 1’ was treated with exogenous 5 µM ABA for 20 days to investigate the regulation mechanism of ABA on LR development. Morphological observations advocated that ABA inhibited both LR and shoot development in ‘Qingzhen 1’ apple plants, where the root number was 16.94%, the root length was 30.32%, the plant height was 10.88%, and the stem thickness was 8.08% lower than those in the control plants. Meanwhile, the endogenous ABA concentration was significantly increased, but the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations were significantly decreased with ABA treatment. Furthermore, the expression levels of ABA-related genes (MdCYP707A2, MdABI1, MdAREB2, and MdABF3) were significantly upregulated, while the expression levels of auxin-related genes (MdYUCCA3, MdYUCCA8, MdPIN1 MdPIN2, MdPIN3, and MdARF19), root development-related genes (MdWOX5 and MdWOX11), and cell cycle-related genes (MdCYCD1;1 and MdCYCD3;1) were significantly downregulated at the early stage of ABA treatment, which act together on the inhibition of LR development. Taken together, the changes in hormone levels and gene expression resulted in inhibited LR development of apple plants in response to ABA.

scholarly journals Klotho deficiency intensifies hypoxia-induced expression of IFN-α/β through upregulation of RIG-I in kidneys

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258856
Author(s):  
Asako Urabe ◽  
Shigehiro Doi ◽  
Ayumu Nakashima ◽  
Takeshi Ike ◽  
Kenichi Morii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
End Stage

Hypoxia is a common pathway to the progression of end-stage kidney disease. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) encodes an RNA helicase that recognizes viruses including SARS-CoV2, which is responsible for the production of interferon (IFN)-α/β to prevent the spread of viral infection. Recently, RIG-I activation was found under hypoxic conditions, and klotho deficiency was shown to intensify the activation of RIG-I in mouse brains. However, the roles of these functions in renal inflammation remain elusive. Here, for in vitro study, the expression of RIG-I and IFN-α/β was examined in normal rat kidney (NRK)-52E cells incubated under hypoxic conditions (1% O2). Next, siRNA targeting RIG-I or scramble siRNA was transfected into NRK52E cells to examine the expression of RIG-I and IFN-α/β under hypoxic conditions. We also investigated the expression levels of RIG-I and IFN-α/β in 33 human kidney biopsy samples diagnosed with IgA nephropathy. For in vivo study, we induced renal hypoxia by clamping the renal artery for 10 min in wild-type mice (WT mice) and Klotho-knockout mice (Kl−/− mice). Incubation under hypoxic conditions increased the expression of RIG-I and IFN-α/β in NRK52E cells. Their upregulation was inhibited in NRK52E cells transfected with siRNA targeting RIG-I. In patients with IgA nephropathy, immunohistochemical staining of renal biopsy samples revealed that the expression of RIG-I was correlated with that of IFN-α/β (r = 0.57, P<0.001, and r = 0.81, P<0.001, respectively). The expression levels of RIG-I and IFN-α/β were upregulated in kidneys of hypoxic WT mice and further upregulation was observed in hypoxic Kl−/− mice. These findings suggest that hypoxia induces the expression of IFN-α/β through the upregulation of RIG-I, and that klotho deficiency intensifies this hypoxia-induced expression in kidneys.

scholarly journals Salt-induced expression of peroxisome-associated genes requires components of the ethylene, jasmonate and abscisic acid signalling pathways

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
WAYNE L. CHARLTON ◽  
KYOKO MATSUI ◽  
BARBARA JOHNSON ◽  
IAN A. GRAHAM ◽  
MASARU OHME-TAKAGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Induced Expression
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