Species-specific environmental requirements to break seed dormancy: implications for selection of regeneration niches in three Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae) species

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Santiago ◽  
José M. Herranz ◽  
Elena Copete ◽  
Pablo Ferrandis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Close Correspondence ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Germination Phenology ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Regeneration Niches ◽  
Selection Of

Environmental requirements for seed germination can operate as an important filter in determining the regeneration niche and ultimately the habitat preference of many plant species. We hypothesize that morphological and morphophysiological seed dormancy may play a major role in habitat selection, because underdeveloped embryos responsible for those dormancy types usually require strict species-specific environmental conditions to grow and to overcome dormancy, imposing marked constraints to recruitment and thus to species distribution. We analyzed the influence of temperature and light on embryo growth and seed germination, as well as germination phenology in three Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae) species. Lonicera xylosteum L. seeds had morphological dormancy. Those of Lonicera etrusca Santi had unusual within-species dormancy variability, with a fraction being able to show both morphological and morphophysiological dormancy. Seeds of Lonicera arborea had deep complex morphophysiological dormancy. The close correspondence between the environmental conditions that each Lonicera species requires to break seed dormancy and their altitudinal range suggests that morphological and morphophysiological dormancies act as important filters in determining the regeneration niches of species, probably because such dormancy mechanisms impose markedly specific environmental requirements during the earlier stages of recruitment.

scholarly journals Regulation of Seed Dormancy and Germination Mechanisms in a Changing Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1357
Author(s):  
Ewelina A. Klupczyńska ◽  
Tomasz A. Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

Environmental conditions are the basis of plant reproduction and are the critical factors controlling seed dormancy and germination. Global climate change is currently affecting environmental conditions and changing the reproduction of plants from seeds. Disturbances in germination will cause disturbances in the diversity of plant communities. Models developed for climate change scenarios show that some species will face a significant decrease in suitable habitat area. Dormancy is an adaptive mechanism that affects the probability of survival of a species. The ability of seeds of many plant species to survive until dormancy recedes and meet the requirements for germination is an adaptive strategy that can act as a buffer against the negative effects of environmental heterogeneity. The influence of temperature and humidity on seed dormancy status underlines the need to understand how changing environmental conditions will affect seed germination patterns. Knowledge of these processes is important for understanding plant evolution and adaptation to changes in the habitat. The network of genes controlling seed dormancy under the influence of environmental conditions is not fully characterized. Integrating research techniques from different disciplines of biology could aid understanding of the mechanisms of the processes controlling seed germination. Transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, and other fields provide researchers with new opportunities to understand the many processes of plant life. This paper focuses on presenting the adaptation mechanism of seed dormancy and germination to the various environments, with emphasis on their prospective roles in adaptation to the changing climate.

scholarly journals Seed dormancy and germination in Cardiocrinum giganteum var. yunnanense, a perennial herb in China with post-dispersal embryo growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Ye-Fang Li ◽  
Jie Song ◽  
Wen-Ling Guan ◽  
Feng-Rong Li
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

Seeds of Cardiocrinum giganteum var. yunnanense, which is native to China, has underdeveloped embryos when dispersed from parent plants that did not grow until the second autumn and winter after exposure to summer temperatures. Radicles and cotyledons emerged in late winter and spring. Thus, a 15–16 month period was required from dispersal to seed germination. Under laboratory conditions, this period could be shortened to 5–6 months in a 25°C/15°C (60 days) → 15°C/5°C (60 days) → 5°C (60 days) temperature sequence. Based on dormancy-breaking requirements, the seeds have deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). This is practical knowledge for propagation of the species from seeds.

Embryo transcriptome and miRNA analyses reveal the regulatory network of seed dormancy in Ginkgo biloba

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Jia ◽  
Beibei Zhao ◽  
Sian Liu ◽  
Zhaogeng Lu ◽  
Bang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Tree Seeds ◽  
Dormancy Induction ◽  
Release Processes

Abstract Seed dormancy is crucial for plant survival and prevents seed germination out of season. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of morphophysiological seed dormancy. Ginkgo biloba L. is one of the most ancient gymnosperms, and the completion of seed germination in this species requires cold and moist stratification. Here, we observed that at the mature seed stage, the embryo was not fully developed in G. biloba seeds. During dormancy stages, the length and weight of the embryo significantly increased, and nutrients accumulated in cotyledons. We further found that abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin and ethylene were integrated in the seed dormancy induction, maintenance and release processes, and GA biosynthesis and signaling transduction specifically act on dormancy release. Combining mRNA and miRNA analyses, we demonstrated that miRNA156 is involved in the regulation of morphophysiological dormancy. Our analyses revealed that G. biloba seed dormancy belongs to the ancestral morphophysiological dormancy type, which is not only regulated by the balance of ABA/GA, but also by other hormones associated with embryo morphological development, as well as genes related to embryo differentiation and development. These findings helped with elucidating the comprehensive regulatory network of morphophysiological dormancy in tree seeds.

scholarly journals Seed germination biology of the Albany pitcher plant, Cephalotus follicularis

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Michael P. Just ◽  
David J. Merritt ◽  
Shane R. Turner ◽  
John G. Conran ◽  
Adam T. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Germination Success

Cephalotus follicularis is an ecologically unique, taxonomically isolated and range-restricted carnivorous plant that occurs exclusively within vulnerable wetland habitats in coastal south-western Australia. Very little is known about the reproductive biology of this iconic plant species, particularly in relation to seed dormancy and the specific requirements for germination. This knowledge gap must be filled to facilitate the establishment of conservation and management initiatives for the species, as Cephalotus is increasingly impacted by habitat loss, alteration to natural hydrological and fire regimes and, in recent times, climatic change. This study aimed to determine the type of seed dormancy that the seeds of Cephalotus possess, determine the optimum conditions required for seed germination, and examine the storage behaviour of seeds. The seeds of Cephalotus are small (1.0 × 0.5 mm), lightweight (0.1 mg) and remain indehiscent within a wind-dispersed hairy achene. Results suggest that the seeds may exhibit some sensitivity to desiccation and appear to be short lived (<12 months) when stored at 23°C. Maximum germination was achieved after 16 weeks incubation at 15°C for seeds removed from the protective outer layer of the achene, while seeds retained within the protective outer layer displayed lower germination success. The post-ripening morphological changes in the embryo, limited response to gibberellic acid, and the long time period required for germination suggests that the seeds exhibit morphophysiological dormancy, with a fraction of seeds remaining dormant for a period of time post-dispersal. These results highlight the importance of limiting hydrological alteration within the few remaining habitats that continue to support Cephalotus, but to ensure its long-term protection, further research focusing on phenology and in situ recruitment is required.

Seed biology, dormancy and phenophases of seed germination of three rare Himalayan herbs

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
B. Sharma ◽  
Lal Singh ◽  
Maninder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Polygonatum Verticillatum ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Gibberelic Acid ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Physiological Type

The three of the Astavarga (8) species, Lilium polyphyllum (Kshirakakoli), Polygonatum verticillatum (Meda) and P. cirrhifolium (Mahameda), were included in the study. The seed viability test showed very low viability (22.5%) for L. polyphyllum, which was improved by hand pollination. These species possessed seed dormancy from 28 days to over two years. Gibberelic acid treatments of 1000 and 2000 ppm in combination with scarification of soaked seeds gave species specific results for breaking seed dormancy. The species included were described to have deep simple epicotyls morpho-physiological type of dormancy. They were found to have peculiar phenophases of seed germination, which have been discussed in detail along with diagrams.

scholarly journals Non-Deep Simple Morphophysiological Dormancy and Germination Characteristics of Gentiana triflora var. japonica (Kusn.) H. Hara (Gentianaceae), a Rare Perennial Herb in Korea

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Min Kim ◽  
Jun-Hyeok Kim ◽  
Da-Hyun Lee ◽  
Young-Ho Jung ◽  
Chung-Youl Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Gentiana Triflora ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Seed Propagation

This study investigated the kind of seed dormancy and seed germination of Gentiana triflora var. japonica (Kusn.) H. Hara for developing a seed propagation method. The seeds were collected in October 2020 from plants at Mt. Sobaeksan, Korea. In a water imbibition experiment, seed weights increased by > 101.9% of their initial masses over 12 h. Effects of incubation temperature (5, 15, 20, 25, 15/6, or 25/15 °C), cold stratification period (5 °C; 0, 4, 8, or 12 weeks), and gibberellic acid (GA3; 0, 10, 100, or 1000 mg∙L−1) and potassium nitrate treatment (KNO3; 0, 1000, 2000, or 4000 mg∙L−1) on seed germination were investigated to characterize seed dormancy. These seeds exhibited underdeveloped embryos during seed dispersal. The seeds failed to reach the final germination of 15.0% after treatment at 5, 15, 20, 25, 15/6, or 25/15 °C. After cold stratification for 8 weeks, the germination increased dramatically by > 90.0% compared to that at 0 weeks. After the GA3 treatment, the germination reached > 80.0% within 5 days. The final germination was 90.0% in the 100 mg∙L−1 GA3 treatment group. However, the KNO3 treatment had no effect on seed germination. Therefore, the G. triflora var. japonica seeds exhibited non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy.

Dormancy-breaking and germination requirements for seeds of Diervilla lonicera (Caprifoliaceae), a species with underdeveloped linear embryos

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti N Hidayati ◽  
Jerry M Baskin ◽  
Carol C Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Germination Phenology ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Controlled ◽  
Germination Requirements ◽  
Morphological Dormancy

Dormancy-breaking requirements and type of dormancy were determined for seeds of Diervilla lonicera Mill. Seeds have an underdeveloped linear embryo that is about 35% of the length of the seed at maturity. Embryos (in intact seeds) grew at 25:15°C but not at 5°C. Up to 85% of the freshly matured seeds had morphological dormancy (MD), and thus, they germinated within about 30 days on a moist substrate in light at 30:15°C; a maximum of 3% of the seeds germinated in constant darkness. The other portion of fresh seeds had nondeep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) and required a period of warm stratification or treatment with GA3 to break dormancy. These seeds also required light to germinate. In contrast, cold stratification induced dormancy, and dry storage for up to 1 year did not effectively break dormancy. Seeds with MD germinated to significantly higher percentages on soil than on filter paper or on sand. Seeds sown on soil in a non-temperature-controlled greenhouse in mid-November germinated mostly in late May, whereas those sown in mid-April germinated in early May. Apparently, embryos of November-sown seeds were induced into physiological dormancy during winter. Thus, seeds had MPD in spring and needed several weeks of warm temperatures for dormancy break, embryo growth, and germination. This is the first report on seed dormancy in the genus Diervilla.Key words: embryo growth, germination phenology, Diervilla lonicera, morphological seed dormancy, morphophysiological seed dormancy, underdeveloped linear embryo.

scholarly journals Practical Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in a Wild Ornamental Tulip Species Tulipa thianschanica Regel

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lian-Wei Qu ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Han-Ping Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy

The innate physiological dormancy of Tulipa thianschanica seeds ensures its survival and regeneration in the natural environment. However, the low percentage of germination restricts the establishment of its population and commercial breeding. To develop effective ways to break dormancy and improve germination, some important factors of seed germination of T. thianschanica were tested, including temperature, gibberellin (GA3) and/or kinetin (KT), cold stratification and sowing depth. The percentage of germination was as high as 80.7% at a constant temperature of 4 °C, followed by 55.6% at a fluctuating temperature of 4/16 °C, and almost no seeds germinated at 16 °C, 20 °C and 16/20 °C. Treatment with exogenous GA3 significantly improved the germination of seeds, but KT had a slight effect on the germination of T. thianschanica seeds. The combined treatment of GA3 and KT was more effective at enhancing seed germination than any individual treatment, and the optimal hormone concentration for the germination of T. thianschanica seeds was 100 mg/L GA3 + 10 mg/L KT. In addition, it took at least 20 days of cold stratification to break the seed dormancy of T. thianschanica. The emergence of T. thianschanica seedlings was the highest with 82.4% at a sowing depth of 1.5 cm, and it decreased significantly at a depth of >3.0 cm. This study provides information on methods to break dormancy and promote the germination of T. thianschanica seeds.

scholarly journals The identification of novel immunogenic antigens as potential Shigella vaccine components

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruklanthi de Alwis ◽  
Li Liang ◽  
Omid Taghavian ◽  
Emma Werner ◽  
Hao Chung The ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Genome ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Vaccine Antigens ◽  
Bactericidal Antibody ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Shigella is a major diarrheal pathogen for which there is presently no vaccine. Whole genome sequencing provides the ability to predict and derive novel antigens for use as vaccines. Here, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens that could serve as Shigella vaccine candidates, either alone, or when conjugated to Shigella O-antigen. Methods Using a reverse vaccinology approach, where genomic analysis informed the Shigella immunome via an antigen microarray, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens. A core genome analysis of Shigella species, pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, led to the selection of 234 predicted immunogenic Shigella antigens. These antigens were expressed and probed with acute and convalescent serum from microbiologically confirmed Shigella infections. Results Several Shigella antigens displayed IgG and IgA seroconversion, with no difference in sero-reactivity across by sex or age. IgG sero-reactivity to key Shigella antigens was observed at birth, indicating transplacental antibody transfer. Six antigens (FepA, EmrK, FhuA, MdtA, NlpB, and CjrA) were identified in in vivo testing as capable of producing binding IgG and complement-mediated bactericidal antibody. Conclusions These findings provide six novel immunogenic Shigella proteins that could serve as candidate vaccine antigens, species-specific carrier proteins, or targeted adjuvants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document