Effects of pig genotype, immunological castration, and use of ractopamine on growth performance, carcass traits, and pork quality for entire male pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-106
Author(s):  
J. Park ◽  
C.P. Campbell ◽  
E.J. Squires ◽  
C.F.M. de Lange ◽  
I.B. Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Entire Male

Entire male (EM) pigs (152; ∼30 kg body weight) were used to examine immunocastration using Improvest and feeding ractopamine on growth performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acid composition. Timing for administering second dose of Improvest compared dosing at 4 and 8 wk pre-slaughter. A factorial arrangement evaluated two genotypes [Large Whites and Duroc crossbreds (Durocs)] by five management regimens (EM fed control diet, EM fed ractopamine, second dose Improvest 4 wk pre-slaughter, second dose Improvest 8 wk pre-slaughter, second dose Improvest 4 wk pre-slaughter plus ractopamine). Average daily gain and gain to feed (G:F) were generally greater (P ≤ 0.01) in Durocs. Immunocastration increased (P < 0.01) dry matter intake (DMI); feeding ractopamine decreased (P < 0.02) DMI and increased (P < 0.03) G:F. Immunocastration decreased (P < 0.04) carcass and lean yields; feeding ractopamine increased (P < 0.04) carcass weights, lean yield, muscling, and longissimus shear force while decreasing (P < 0.01) backfats. Immunocastration did not affect loin pH, color, drip loss, and shear force. Timing for second Improvest dose did not affect most growth performance, carcass, and meat quality traits except for greater (P < 0.02) backfats when administering dose 8 wk pre-slaughter. Effects of immunocastration and (or) feeding ractopamine were relatively consistent in both genotypes evaluated.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementary Levels of Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality in Feedlot Yaks (Bos grunniens)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3384
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Ma ◽  
Zhiwei Zhao ◽  
Hucheng Wang ◽  
Jianwei Zhou ◽  
Chengfu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Meat Color ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Yak, a unique bovine species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, has provided pastoralists with the basic materials of production and life for thousands of years. Existing literature showed that yak meat is of high nutritional value for humans whereas the growth performance is relatively low. As it has been demonstrated, lysine and methionine are the two key limiting amino acids in ruminants. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementary levels of rumen-protected lysine (RPL) and methionine (RPM) on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in feedlot yaks. Thirty-two male yaks, with initial body weight (IBW) of 237.5 ± 13.99 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (n = 8), including control group (CON; basal diet without adding rumen-protected amino acid (RPAA)), low RPAA supplementation group (Group Low; basal diet supplemented with RPL (30.0 g/animal/day) and RPM (7.5 g/animal/day)), medium RPAA supplementation group (Group Medium; basal diet supplemented with RPL (50.0 g/animal/day) and RPM (12.5 g/animal/day)), and high RPAA supplementation group (Group High; basal diet supplemented with RPL (70.0 g/animal/day) and RPM (17.5 g/animal/day)). The average daily gain was increased linearly (p < 0.001) and quadratically (p < 0.01) while feed to gain ratio was decreased linearly (p < 0.001) and quadratically (p < 0.001) with the increasing RPAA supplementation, and the average daily gain was higher while feed to gain ratio was lower in RPAA than CON (p < 0.001). Meat color L* values and b* were decreased linearly (p < 0.01) with the increase of RPAA supplementation, and b* was lower in RPAA than CON (p < 0.05). Meat color a* value was increased linearly (p < 0.05) with the increasing RPAA supplementation, and a* was higher in RPAA than CON (p < 0.05). The 24 h drip loss and shear force were decreased quadratically (p < 0.01) with the increasing RPAA supplementation, and drip loss and shear force values were lower in RPAA than CON (p < 0.05). The glycine concentration in longissimus dorsi (LD) increased linearly (p < 0.05) with the increasing RPAA supplementation. These results demonstrated that both the growth performance and meat quality characteristics were improved in feedlot yaks as an effect of the dietary supplementation with RPL and RPM, and the medium supplementary level is recommended, since it showed the most promising results.

scholarly journals Growth performance and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of limit-fed diets containing wet brewer’s grains to Holstein heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hatungimana ◽  
Tess C Stahl ◽  
Peter S Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Limit Feeding ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of Holstein heifers limit-fed diets containing different amounts of wet brewer’s grains (WBG). A 12-wk randomized complete block study was conducted using 30 yearling Holstein heifers [378 ± 27 d of age, and body weight (BW) of 357.8 ± 27.6 kg (mean ± SD)]. Treatments were 0%, 10% and 20% of WBG on a dry matter (DM) basis and diets were formulated to be limit-fed for dry matter intake (DMI) at 2.35% of BW and provided 15% crude protein (CP) and 2.27 Mcal metabolizable energy/kg of DM. Dry matter intake was recorded daily, while BW and skeletal measurements were measured every 2 wk. During week 12, fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum over four consecutive days and composited by heifer to determine apparent total tract nutrient digestibility using acid detergent insoluble ash as a marker. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Dry matter intakes, BW, and average daily gain were not different among treatments (P = 0.2, P = 0.4, and P = 0.6, respectively). Dry matter intakes ranged from 8.6 to 9.0 kg/d. Average BW were 404.4, 411.5, and 409.3 kg for heifers fed the 0%, 10%, and 20% WBG diets, respectively. Average daily gains were 1.03, 1.04, and 0.96 kg/d for heifers fed the 0%, 10%, and 20% WBG diets respectively. Skeletal measurements and body condition scores (BCS) were not different among treatments except for the change in heart girth (P &lt; 0.01) and initial BCS (P &lt; 0.01). Apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, organic matter, CP, fat, and hemicellulose were greater or tended to be greater in heifers fed 0% and 20% WBG treatments than heifers fed 10 % WBG (P = 0.04, P = 0.04, P = 0.06, P = 0.06, and P = 0.01, respectively). Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and fat digestibilities were similar among treatments (P = 0.2, P = 0.3, and P = 0.3, respectively). During the digestibility phase, DMI tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for the 10% WBG treatment. These results demonstrate that limit-feeding heifers with diets containing up to 20% WBG could replace soybean- and corn-based concentrates in diets without adverse consequences to the heifer growth performance.

Effect of nutritional regimen including limit feeding and breed on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in beef cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. McGregor ◽  
C. P. Campbell ◽  
S. P. Miller ◽  
P. P. Purslow ◽  
I. B. Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Limit Feeding ◽  
Daily Gain

McGregor, E M., Campbell, C. P., Miller, S. P., Purslow, P. P. and Mandell, I. B. 2012. Effect of nutritional regimen including limit feeding and breed on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 327–341. The effects of nutritional management regimen and breed on growth performance, carcass attributes, and meat quality were evaluated in 68 British (BRIT) and Continental (CONT) crossbred steers, managed on one of three nutritional regimens: (1) ad libitum access to a 77% corn diet (ALGRAIN), (2) limit feeding initially of the 77% corn diet, followed by ad libitum access to the 77% corn diet (LFGRAIN), and (3) limit feeding initially of a 90% haylage diet, followed by ad libitum access to the 77% corn diet (LFHAYL). Nutritional regimen by breed interactions (P<0.02) were present for average daily gain, dry matter intake (DMI), gain to feed, and shear force. LFHAYL regimen decreased gains to a greater extent for BRIT steers than CONT steers managed on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN. Feed intakes were similar across nutritional regimens for CONT steers, while DMI was depressed in BRIT on LFHAYL as compared with steers started on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN. Gain to feed was greater in BRIT cattle on LFGRAIN vs. ALGRAIN, while gain to feed was similar in CONT started on grain (ALGRAIN, LFGRAIN). Shear force was lower for beef from LFHAYL BRIT vs. beef from BRIT on ALGRAIN or LFGRAIN, while the converse was true for CONT. Limit feeding of a high-energy diet may be appropriate for cattle of British background to reduce feed input costs, while ensuring tenderness.

MONENSIN, CHLORTETRACYCLINE AND TYLOSIN EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTION IN LAMBS FED A GROUND ALFALFA DIET

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. MIR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Daily Gain

Supplementing a control diet of ground alfalfa (CON) with monensin (MON), chlortetracycline (CTC) or tylosin (TYL) did not affect (P < 0.05) dry matter intake or average daily gain of market lambs. Feed efficiency with CTC was less than with the unsupplemented control (CON) (6.22 vs. 5.68) (P < 0.05). Mean digestibilities of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were lower (P < 0.05) with all antibiotic treatments than the CON diet. Relative to CON, nitrogen digestibility was increased with MON (66.3 vs. 70.9%) while that of energy was reduced with TYL (P < 0.05). Rumen ammonia and acetic, propionic and butyric acid concentrations were not influenced by any of the treatments. MON, CTC and TYL were not effective supplements for lambs fed alfalfa finishing diets. Key words: lamb, chlortetracycline, monensin, tylosin, alfalfa hay, digestibility

scholarly journals PSVIII-4 Live growth performance of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
Ty Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment was designed to study the effect of days on feed and an aggressive implant strategy on Jersey steer growth performance. Steers (n = 30; start of trial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments; negative control (CON) or implanted with Revalor 200 every 70 d (REV; d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) for a total of 6 implants. Steers were weighed every 35 d and daily feed delivery was recorded daily. Data for dry matter intake (DMI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were analyzed via a mixed model; the fixed effects were day and treatment. Live growth BW and average daily gain (ADG) used day as the repeated measure and animal as the subject in a repeated measures analysis. Change in BW increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01); treatments differed in BW from d 280 through d 350 (P &lt; 0.01). Average daily gain decreased (P &lt; 0.01) linearly and differed (P &lt; 0.01) at d 70, d 140, d 280, and d 350, but not (P ≥ 0.10) at d 210 or d 420. Dry matter intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for REV steers (7.6 kg/d) than CON (6.8 kg/d). Gain to feed ratio did not differ (P ≥ 0.78) between CON steers (0.13 kg/kg dry matter (DM)) and REV (0.14 kg/kg DM) steers, yet G:F differed (P &lt; 0.01) amongst periods (d 70 = 0.21 kg/kg, d 140 = 0.16 kg/kg, d 210 = 0.15 kg/kg, d 280 = 0.13 kg/kg, d 350 = 0.08 kg/kg, d 420 = 0.08 kg/kg). Aggressively implanting Jersey steers improved growth performance by 9.6%, 13.2%, 11.3%, and 7.7% for BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F, respectively.

scholarly journals PSXIV-28 Performance of lambs of sheep fed diets containing narasin

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 447-447
Author(s):  
Rhaissa Garcia de Assis ◽  
Janaina S Biava ◽  
Nathalia R Eckermann ◽  
Thamires U Sturion ◽  
Terezinha T de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of narasin in the diet of lactating ewes on dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) of their lambs. Forty crossbred ewes Dorper x Santa Inês with their lambs were assigned to a randomized complete block design (10 blocks and 4 treatments). The treatments were defined by the inclusion of narasin to a base diet (16.8 ± 0.66 of CP) containing 50% of concentrate and 50% of Brachiaria brizanta hay, as follow: 0N - control diet; 13N - 13 mg of narasin/kg of DM; 20N - 20 mg of narasin/kg of DM; 27N - 27 mg of narasin/kg of DM. The experiment lasted from 14 to 70 days of lactation. From the second to the tenth week of age the lambs received initial concentrate (57.0% corn; 25.0% soybean meal; 1.5% limestone; 1.5% of mineral mix; 5.0% of sugarcane molasses and 10% of milk replacer; composition: DM=89.3%; CP = 21.1%; FDN = 8.9%; FDA=2.7%) (ad libitum) in a private feeder. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The lambs were weighed weekly after 5-hours fasting. The orts were quantified weekly to determine the DMI. There was no effect of the supply of narasin to the ewes on the DMI by the lambs (0N = 0.126; 13N = 0.088; 20N = 0.153; 27N = 0.145 kg/d; P &gt; 0.05). However, the supply of narasin decreased the ADG (0N = 269.3; 13N = 259.60; 20N = 264.02; 27 = 228.01 g; P &lt; 0.01) of lambs. In conclusion, the use of narasin for the ewes did not benefit lamb performance.

scholarly journals 43 Effects of steroidal implants on feedlot growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum and meat estradiol-17β concentrations of Holstein steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Pedro Carvalho ◽  
Tara Felix ◽  
George Perry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Abstract Objectives were to determine the effects of implants on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and estradiol-17β (E2) concentrations in the serum and longissimus muscle of Holstein steers fed a grain-based diet. Seventy Holstein steers (initial BW = 275 ± 6.4 kg) were assigned to treatments: (1) Implanted on d 0 with Component TE-IS with Tylan (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) and on d 84 with Component TE-S with Tylan (Elanco Animal Health) of the experiment; or (2) not implanted (control). Implanted Holstein steers were heavier (P ≤ 0.01) than nonimplanted Holstein steers on d 84, at time of reimplant, and at the end of the experiment (d 186). Implanting Holstein steers increased (P &lt; 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) without affecting (P = 31) gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) when compared to steers that were not implanted. Carcasses from implanted Holstein steers had greater (P &lt; 0.01) hot carcass weights (HCW) and longissimus muscle (LM) area than carcasses from nonimplanted steers. Implanting did not affect (P ≥ 0.21) other carcass characteristics. There was an increase (P = 0.03) of 1.3 pg of E2/g of muscle when LM from implanted Holstein steers was compared to LM from nonimplanted steers. There was an implant × day interaction (P &lt; 0.01) in circulating serum E2 concentrations. Serum E2 concentrations remained relatively constant in nonimplanted Holstein steers. In implanted steers, serum E2 concentrations increased (P &lt; 0.01) after each implant. Serum E2 peaked at 28 d after the first implant and then declined after d 56. Implanting Holstein steers fed grain-based diets increased ADG, HCW, and LM area due to increased circulating E2 concentrations. Implants did increase LM E2 concentrations; however, changes were minimal compared to E2 concentrations in other human foods and were not great enough to warrant concerns regarding meat consumption from implanted animals.

scholarly journals Methane emissions and growth performance of young Nellore bulls fed crude glycerine- v. fibre-based energy ingredients in low or high concentrate diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (7) ◽  
pp. 1280-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. LAGE ◽  
E. SAN VITO ◽  
R. A. REIS ◽  
E. E. DALLANTONIA ◽  
L. R. SIMONETTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Crude Glycerine ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYA total of 70 Nellore bulls (18 ± 3 months of age) were used to determine the effects of crude glycerine (CG) replacing starch- v. fibre-based energy ingredients in low (LC; 0·40 concentrate) or high concentrate (HC; 0·60 concentrate) – on a dry matter (DM) basis – on DM intake (DMI), methane emissions and growth. Ten bulls were slaughtered (reference group) to obtain the carcass gain (CrG). The 60 remaining bulls (374 ± 24·5 kg) were allocated to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two concentrate levels, LC or HC; and three feeding regimes, FR). The FR were: CO – without CG and maize as an ingredient of concentrate; CGM – inclusion of CG (0·10 of DM) replacing maize in the concentrate; and CGSH – inclusion of CG (0·10 of DM) replacing soybean hulls (SH) in the concentrate. Bulls fed LC or HC had similar DMI (kg/d) and growth. The DMI and average daily gain (ADG) were similar among FR. Concentrate level and FR tended to interact for methane emissions (g) per kg DMI. Bulls fed CGM had a greater G : F (g CrG/kg DMI) than those fed CO or CGSH diets. Increasing dietary concentrate (0·40–0·60) did not affect intake, methane emissions, or growth. Inclusion of CG in diets to replace SH in LC diets tended to decrease methane emissions from animals. When CG replaces SH in the diets, CrG and G:F (g CrG/kg DMI) are decreased compared with bulls fed CGM.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Aceh Jantan yang Diberi Imbangan Antara Hijauan dan Konsentrat di Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Indrapuri

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunasri Usman ◽  
Eka Meutia Sari ◽  
Nuzul Fadilla
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Research Analysis

The evaluation of the Aceh cattle bulls weight which compensated between forage and concentrate at Superior Livestock Place in IndrapuriABSTRACT. This research was conducted at Superior Livestock Place in Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar  which lasted for 42 days. It was started on November 28th 2012 until January 9th 2013. This research was aims to know about the average daily gain for Aceh cattle bulls which compensated between forage and concentrate by using 12 bulls aged 2-2,5 years old. The design was used a Randomized Design Groups with 4 feed treatments and 3 repetitions. The feed percentages between forage and concentrate are ration A (100% forages), B (80%)forages and 20% concentrates), C (60% forages and 40% concentrates), and D (40% forages and 60% concentrates). The research analysis data were obtained by using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The parameters which observed in this study was the average daily gain, consumption, conversion, and efficiency rations. The result showed that the ration dry matter intake highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (4,45 Kg), and B (3,61 Kg), C (2,72 Kg), and D (3,38 Kg), but the treatment B and D highly significantly than treatment C (P0,01), the best ration consumption were derived from treatment C. The body weight Kg/bull/day significantly (P0,05) between treatment A (0,47 Kg) and B (0,65 Kg), C (0,60 Kg), and D (0,61 Kg), the best average daily gain were derived from treatment B. The conversion ration showed that highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (9,55 Kg), and B (5,55 Kg), C (4,60 Kg), and D (5,59 Kg), the best ration conversion were derived treatment C. Similarly, the efficiency ration showed that highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (0,11%), and B (0,18%), C (0,22%), and D (0,18%), C is the best ration efficiency on the treatment.

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