scholarly journals Optimizing feed intake recording and feed efficiency estimation to increase the rate of genetic gain for feed efficiency in beef cattle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghader Manafiazar ◽  
John Basarab ◽  
Lisa McKeown ◽  
Jennifer Stewart-Smith ◽  
Vern S Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Estimation

scholarly journals RAPID COMMUNICATION: Residual feed intake in beef cattle is associated with differences in protein turnover and nutrient transporters in ruminal epithelium

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181-2187
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Elolimy ◽  
Emad Abdel-Hamied ◽  
Liangyu Hu ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
Daniel W Shike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Ruminal Epithelium

Abstract Residual feed intake (RFI) is a widely used measure of feed efficiency in cattle. Although the precise biologic mechanisms associated with improved feed efficiency are not well-known, most-efficient steers (i.e., with low RFI coefficient) downregulate abundance of proteins controlling protein degradation in skeletal muscle. Whether cellular mechanisms controlling protein turnover in ruminal tissue differ by RFI classification is unknown. The aim was to investigate associations between RFI and signaling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in ruminal epithelium. One hundred and forty-nine Red Angus cattle were allocated to 3 contemporary groups according to sex and herd origin. Animals were offered a finishing diet for 70 d to calculate the RFI coefficient for each. Within each group, the 2 most-efficient (n = 6) and least-efficient animals (n = 6) were selected. Compared with least-efficient animals, the most-efficient animals consumed less feed (P < 0.05; 18.36 vs. 23.39 kg/d DMI). At day 70, plasma samples were collected for insulin concentration analysis. Ruminal epithelium was collected immediately after slaughter to determine abundance and phosphorylation status of 29 proteins associated with MTOR, ubiquitin-proteasome, insulin signaling, and glucose and amino acid transport. Among the proteins involved in cellular protein synthesis, most-efficient animals had lower (P ≤ 0.05) abundance of MTOR, p-MTOR, RPS6KB1, EIF2A, EEF2K, AKT1, and RPS6KB1, whereas MAPK3 tended (P = 0.07) to be lower. In contrast, abundance of p-EEF2K, p-EEF2K:EEF2K, and p-EIF2A:EIF2A in most-efficient animals was greater (P ≤ 0.05). Among proteins catalyzing steps required for protein degradation, the abundance of UBA1, NEDD4, and STUB1 was lower (P ≤ 0.05) and MDM2 tended (P = 0.06) to be lower in most-efficient cattle. Plasma insulin and ruminal epithelium insulin signaling proteins did not differ (P > 0.05) between RFI groups. However, abundance of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter SLC2A4 and the amino acid transporters SLC1A3 and SLC1A5 also was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in most-efficient cattle. Overall, the data indicate that differences in signaling mechanisms controlling protein turnover and nutrient transport in ruminal epithelium are components of feed efficiency in beef cattle.

scholarly journals EFISIENSI PRODUKSI SAPI POTONG PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT PADA MUSIM KEMARAU DI DAERAH PERTANIAN LAHAN KERING KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Handayanta ◽  
Lutojo Lutojo ◽  
Kurniasih Nurdiati
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmer ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Daily Gain

<p><em>This research was conducted to know the production efficiency of beef cattle in smallholder farmer in a dry farming area at dry season. Research has been started on June and finished on September (dry season) at smallholder farmer in the village Kemejing, Semin subdistrict, district Gunungkidul, DIY. The research materials are 28 heads of beef cattle from 17 farmers, which consist of 10 heads of PO breed, 10 heads of a Simpo breed, and 8 heads of Limpo breed with 292.25 kg of initial body weight. This research was using Participatory Rural Appraisal method which is a collecting data process that an active teamwork between data collector and farmer. Collected parameter are feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, feed cost per gain (FC/G), and income over feed cost (IOFC). Data resulting from this research are 8.42 kg/head/day of feed intake, 0.19 kg/head/day of ADG, 0.021 of feed efficiency, Rp 46.166,62 of feed cost per gain, and Rp 3.985,55 of income over feed cost. It can be concluded that the efficient production of beef cattle in smallholder farmer at the dry area is low because average daily gain, feed cost per gain and income over feed cost produced are extremely small so if the calculated economic result is less favorable.</em></p>

scholarly journals Characterization and Duodenal Transcriptome Analysis of Chinese Beef Cattle With Divergent Feed Efficiency Using RNA-Seq

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyun Yang ◽  
Liyun Han ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Yanling Ding ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Biological Regulation ◽  
Key Genes

Residual feed intake (RFI) is an important measure of feed efficiency for agricultural animals. Factors associated with cattle RFI include physiology, dietary factors, and the environment. However, a precise genetic mechanism underlying cattle RFI variations in duodenal tissue is currently unavailable. The present study aimed to identify the key genes and functional pathways contributing to variance in cattle RFI phenotypes using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Six bulls with extremely high or low RFIs were selected for detecting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq, followed by conducting GO, KEGG enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and co-expression network (WGCNA, n = 10) analysis. A total of 380 differentially expressed genes was obtained from high and low RFI groups, including genes related to energy metabolism (ALDOA, HADHB, INPPL1), mitochondrial function (NDUFS1, RFN4, CUL1), and feed intake behavior (CCK). Two key sub-networks and 26 key genes were detected using GO analysis of DEGs and PPI analysis, such as TPM1 and TPM2, which are involved in mitochondrial pathways and protein synthesis. Through WGCNA, a gene network was built, and genes were sorted into 27 modules, among which the blue (r = 0.72, p = 0.03) and salmon modules (r = −0.87, p = 0.002) were most closely related with RFI. DEGs and genes from the main sub-networks and closely related modules were largely involved in metabolism; oxidative phosphorylation; glucagon, ribosome, and N-glycan biosynthesis, and the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Through WGCNA, five key genes, including FN1 and TPM2, associated with the biological regulation of oxidative processes and skeletal muscle development were identified. Taken together, our data suggest that the duodenum has specific biological functions in regulating feed intake. Our findings provide broad-scale perspectives for identifying potential pathways and key genes involved in the regulation of feed efficiency in beef cattle.

scholarly journals Influence of genetic markers on the feeding behavior of yearling bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Estela Garza-Brenner ◽  
Ana M Sifuentes-Rincón ◽  
Felipe A Rodríguez Almeida ◽  
Ronald D Randel ◽  
G Manuel Parra-Bracamonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Performance ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Para Determinar

Background: The search for gene and marker effects on economically important traits is aimed not only to understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits but also to applying the information to breeding schemes. Objective: To analyze the effect of two temperament-related SNPs (rs109576799 located in the DRD3 gene, and rs43696138 in the HTR2A gene) on feeding performance of Mexican beef cattle. Methods: One hundred and thirty-six young beef bulls were included in a centralized feed efficiency performance test based on residual feed intake (RFI), with 20 d for adaptation and 70 d of feed efficiency testing. In addition to feeding traits, temperament was assessed at the beginning of the trial using pen score (PS) and exit velocity (EV). All animals were genotyped with two markers located in the HTR2A and DRD3 genes, and an association analysis was conducted between these genotypes and the measured traits. Results: For Brangus breed, a significant association was obtained between average daily gain (ADG; p=0.019), and the rs43696138 marker, resulting in higher gains for homozygous genotype GG (1.69 ± 0.04 kg), when compared to the heterozygous genotype GA (1.54 ± 0.04 kg). Conclusion: The previously reported association of these markers with temperament was not confirmed in the evaluated breeds; however, the rs43696138 marker showed an effect on a feeding performance trait. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of this and other markers on both RFI and temperament.Keywords: beef cattle, feed efficiency, residual feed intake, single nucleotide polymorphism, temperament.  Resumen Antecedentes: La búsqueda de efectos genéticos y marcadores de rasgos económicamente relevantes no solo se basa en el interés biológico de comprender la arquitectura genética de rasgos complejos, sino también en aplicar la información en los esquemas prácticos de mejoramiento. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de dos SNPs relacionados con el temperamento (rs109576799 localizado en el gen DRD3, y rs43696138 localizado en el gen HTR2A) sobre la eficiencia alimenticia en el ganado bovino mexicano. Métodos: Ciento treinta y seis toretes de carne jóvenes fueron sometidos a una prueba de comportamiento alimenticio basada en el consumo residual de alimento (RFI), con 20 d de adaptación y 70 d de prueba para la eficiencia alimenticia. Además de los rasgos de comportamiento alimenticio, se evaluó el temperamento de los animales al inicio de la prueba, mediante la evaluación de comportamiento en el corral (PS), y la velocidad de salida (EV). Todas las muestras se tipificaron con dos marcadores localizados en los genes DRD3 y HTR2A para posteriormente realizar un análisis de asociación de los genotipos con los rasgos evaluados. Resultados: En la raza Brangus, se observó una asociación significativa de la media de ganancia diaria de peso (ADG, p=0,019) con el marcador rs43696138, localizado en el gen HTR2A, resultando en mayores ganancias para el genotipo GG (1,69 ± 0,04 kg) en comparación con los toros heterocigóticos GA (1,54 ± 0,04 kg). Conclusión: No se confirmó la asociación de estos marcadores previamente reportados con el temperamento en las razas evaluadas; sin embargo, el marcador rs43696138 mostró efecto en un rasgo de comportamiento alimenticio. Se necesitan más estudios para determinar el efecto de éste y otros marcadores en el consumo residual de alimento (RFI) y el temperamento.Palabras clave: consumo residual de alimento, eficiencia alimenticia, ganado de carne, polimorfismo de un solo nucleótido, temperamento.  Resumo Antecedentes: A busca de efeitos genéticos e marcadores de características economicamente relevantes não se baseia apenas no interesse biológico de compreender a arquitetura genética de traços complexos, mas também na aplicação da informação nos esquemas práticos de melhoria. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito de dois SNPs relacionados ao temperamento (rs109576799 localizado no gene DRD3 e rs43696138 localizado no gene HTR2A) sobre a eficiência nutricional no gado mexicano. Métodos: Cento e trinta e seis touros jovens foram submetidos a um teste de comportamento alimentar com base na entrada de alimentação residual (RFI), com 20 d de adaptação e 70 d de teste para eficiência de alimentação. Além dos traços de comportamento alimentar, o temperamento dos animais foi avaliado no início do teste, através da avaliação do comportamento na caneta (PS) e da velocidade de saída (EV). Todas as amostras foram digitadas com dois marcadores localizados nos genes DRD3 e HTR2A para posteriormente realizar uma análise de associação dos genótipos com os traços avaliados. Resultados: Na raça Brangus, observou-se uma associação significativa do ganho diário médio (ADG, p = 0,019) com o marcador rs43696138, localizado no gene HTR2A, resultando em maiores ganhos para o genótipo GG (1,69 ± 0,04 kg), em comparação com os touros heterozigóticos GA (1,54 ± 0,04 kg). Conclusão: A associação destes marcadores previamente relatados com o temperamento nas raças avaliadas não foi confirmada; no entanto, o marcador rs43696138 mostrou um efeito sobre uma característica de comportamento alimentar. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar o efeito deste e outros marcadores com ingestão alimentar residual (RFI) e temperamento.Palavras-chave: consumo residual de alimentos, eficiência alimentar, gado bovino, polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único, temperamento.

Test duration for growth, feed intake, and feed efficiency in beef cattle using the GrowSafe System1

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 2289-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Wang ◽  
J. D. Nkrumah ◽  
C. Li ◽  
J. A. Basarab ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Test Duration

scholarly journals Feed and production efficiency of young crossbred beef cattle stratified on a terminal total merit index1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Kelly ◽  
Stephen B Conroy ◽  
Craig P Murphy ◽  
Roy D Sleator ◽  
Donagh P Berry
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Validation Population ◽  
Carcass Conformation

Abstract Few studies have attempted to quantify the association between a terminal total merit index with phenotypic feed and production efficiency in beef cattle, particularly when feed efficiency is itself explicitly absent as a goal trait in the index. The objective of the present study was to quantify the differences in phenotypic performance for feed intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits of crossbred bulls, steers, and heifers differing in a terminal total merit index. A validation population of 614 bulls, steers, and heifers that were evaluated for feed intake and efficiency in the same feedlot and subsequently slaughtered at the end of their test period was constructed. The Irish national genetic evaluations for a terminal index of calving performance, docility, feed intake, and carcass traits were undertaken with the phenotypic records of animals present in the validation population masked. The validation population animals were subsequently stratified into four groups, within sex, according to their terminal index value. Mixed models were used to quantify the association between terminal genetic merit and phenotypic performance; whether the associations differed by sex were also investigated. The regression coefficient of phenotypic feed intake, carcass weight, carcass conformation, or carcass fat on its respective estimated breeding values was 0.86 kg dry matter 0.91 kg, 1.01 units, and 1.29 units, respectively, which are close to the expectation of one. On average, cattle in the very high terminal index stratum had a 0.63 kg DM/d lower feed intake, a 25.05 kg heavier carcass, a 1.82 unit better carcass conformation (scale 1 to 15), and a 1.24 unit less carcass fat score (scale 1 to 15), relative to cattle in the very low terminal index stratum. Cattle of superior total genetic merit were also more feed efficient (i.e., had a lower energy conversion ratio, lower residual feed intake, and greater residual gain), had a greater proportion of their live-weight as carcass weight (i.e., better dressing percentage) and were slaughtered at a younger age relative to their inferior total genetic merit counterparts. This study provides validation of an all-encompassing total merit index and demonstrates the benefits of selection on a total merit index for feed and production efficiency, which should impart confidence among stakeholders in the contribution of genetic selection to simultaneous improvements in individual animal performance and efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of Phenotypic Residual Feed Intake and Dietary Forage Content on the Rumen Microbial Community of Beef Cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (14) ◽  
pp. 4949-4958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara A. Carberry ◽  
David A. Kenny ◽  
Sukkyan Han ◽  
Matthew S. McCabe ◽  
Sinead M. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fibrobacter Succinogenes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physiological Variables

ABSTRACTFeed-efficient animals have lower production costs and reduced environmental impact. Given that rumen microbial fermentation plays a pivotal role in host nutrition, the premise that rumen microbiota may contribute to host feed efficiency is gaining momentum. Since diet is a major factor in determining rumen community structure and fermentation patterns, we investigated the effect of divergence in phenotypic residual feed intake (RFI) on ruminal community structure of beef cattle across two contrasting diets. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were performed to profile the rumen bacterial population and to quantify the ruminal populations ofEntodiniumspp., protozoa,Fibrobacter succinogenes,Ruminococcus flavefaciens,Ruminococcus albus,Prevotella brevis, the genusPrevotella, and fungi in 14 low (efficient)- and 14 high (inefficient)-RFI animals offered a low-energy, high-forage diet, followed by a high-energy, low-forage diet. Canonical correspondence and Spearman correlation analyses were used to investigate associations between physiological variables and rumen microbial structure and specific microbial populations, respectively. The effect of RFI on bacterial profiles was influenced by diet, with the association between RFI group and PCR-DGGE profiles stronger for the higher forage diet. qPCR showed thatPrevotellaabundance was higher (P< 0.0001) in inefficient animals. A higher (P< 0.0001) abundance ofEntodiniumandPrevotellaspp. and a lower (P< 0.0001) abundance ofFibrobacter succinogeneswere observed when animals were offered the low-forage diet. Thus, differences in the ruminal microflora may contribute to host feed efficiency, although this effect may also be modulated by the diet offered.

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