Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have beneficial effects on visceral fat in diet-induced obesity model

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Haas de Mello ◽  
Rosiane de Bona Schraiber ◽  
Mariana Pereira de Souza Goldim ◽  
Khiany Mathias ◽  
Carolini Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

This study evaluated the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on oxidative stress and energy metabolism parameters in the visceral fat of a high-fat-diet induced obesity model. Energy intake, body mass, and visceral fat mass were also evaluated. Male Swiss mice received either a control diet (control group) or a high-fat diet (obese group) for 6 weeks. After this period, the groups were divided into control + saline, control + omega-3, obese + saline, and obese + omega-3, and to these groups 400 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1 of fish oil (or saline) was administered orally, for 4 weeks. Energy intake and body mass were monitored throughout the experiment. In the 10th week, the animals were euthanized and the visceral fat (mesenteric) was removed. Treatment with omega-3 PUFAs did not affect energy intake or body mass, but it did reduced visceral fat mass. In visceral fat, omega-3 PUFAs reduced oxidative damage and alleviated changes to the antioxidant defense system and the Krebs cycle. The mitochondrial respiratory chain was neither altered by obesity nor by omega-3 PUFAs. In conclusion, omega-3 PUFAs have beneficial effects on the visceral fat of obese mice because they mitigate changes caused by the consumption of a high-fat diet.

scholarly journals Composition of a maternal high fat diet rich in satured fats and omega 3 in gestation and lactation for studies with rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mata de Lima SILVA ◽  
Aline Maria Nunes de Lira Gomes BLOISE ◽  
Danilo Augusto Ferreira FONTES ◽  
Katarynna Santos de ARAÚJO ◽  
Mariana Oliveira BARBOSA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat

ABSTRACT Objective To prepare a high fat diet rich in satured fatty acids and supplemented with omega 3 for experimental studies in rodents. Methods Purified industrial ingredients and flaxseed oil as a source of omega 3 at a concentration of 3.5% (v/w) were used in the elaboration of the diets. Centesimal and nutritional compositions, fatty acids profile and dietary intake were evaluated. Serum levels of total protein, albumin, cholesterol and glucose in pregnant rats were verified. The offspring were assessed with regard to body mass and waist circumference. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anova One-Way test and Bonferroni post-test. Results High fat and high fat with omega 3 diets presented, respectively, 37% and 36% saturated fat, and the lipid amount was 80% higher than the American Institute of Nutrition 93G control diet. The omega 3 content was 50% higher in the high fat with omega 3 diet. There was no difference in consumption of diet types in weight (grams). The dams that received the High fat diet developed hypercholesterolemia and their High fat offspring exhibited higher body mass on the 1st day of life and increased abdominal circumference on the 30th day of life compared to the control and the high fat with omega 3 offspring. Conclusion The formulated diets with a higher amount of saturated fatty acids meet the nutritional requirements of the gestation and lactation period. The high fat diet with omega 3 was able to attenuate the changes observed in dams and their offspring.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Attenuate Brain Alterations in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Haas de Mello ◽  
Rosiane de Bona Schraiber ◽  
Mariana Pereira de Souza Goldim ◽  
Michelle Lima Garcez ◽  
Maria Luiza Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

scholarly journals Endogenous Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Preserved Morphology and Function of Brown Fat Impaired by High-Fat Diet Feeding in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1214-1214
Author(s):  
Lei Hao ◽  
Chih-Yu Chen ◽  
Jingxuan Kang ◽  
Yonghui Nie
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
And Function

Abstract Objectives The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in regulation of energy homeostasis remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate how omega-3 PUFA regulate the morphology and function of brown fat tissue (BAT) in mice. Methods Sixteen-week-old male wild type (WT) and transgenic fat-1 mice, which are capable of synthesizing omega-3 PUFA, were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 13 weeks. Metabolic tissues, including BAT, white adipose tissues, and liver, were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. Results Transgenic fat-1 mice had significantly lower body weight and total fat mass compared with WT mic fed HFD. In addition, fat-1 mice had improved glucose tolerance compared with WT. We found that in WT mice, HFD induced larger lipid droplet accumulation (“whitening”) in BAT, whereas “whitening” in BAT was significantly alleviated in fat-1 mice. Real time PCR showed that some thermogenic markers, such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I), and cell death activator (CIDE-A), were expressed more in fat-1 mice compared with WT mice fed HFD. Moreover, fat-1 mice had significantly lower lipopolysaccharide levels compared with WT mice. Real time PCR showed that fat-1 mice had significantly lower levels of inflammatory markers, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), and mouse macrophage marker (F4/80) in BAT. In a separate experiment, we found that fat-1 mice resisted UCP suppression by LPS injection. Conclusions This study demonstrated that HFD led to obesity and “whitening” of BAT in WT mice; conversely, omega-3 PUFA in fat-1 mice preserved morphology and function of BAT impaired by HFD. We revealed that the dysfunction of BAT may be attributed to increased LPS production due to HFD feeding, and that omega-3 PUFA alleviate the dysfunction of BAT through inhibition of LPS production. Funding Sources This study was supported by the Fortune Education Foundation (New York, USA) and Sansun Life Sciences (Hong Kong, China).

DHA-enriched phospholipids from large yellow croaker roe regulate lipid metabolic disorders and gut microbiota imbalance on SD rats with a high-fat diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Lu ◽  
Rongbin Zhong ◽  
Ling Hu ◽  
Luyao Huang ◽  
Lijiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Large Yellow Croaker ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sd Rats

Abstract Large yellow croaker roe phospholipids (LYCRPLs) has great nutritional value because of containing rich docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is a kind of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). In...

scholarly journals Effects of a high-fat-diet supplemented with probiotics and ω3-fatty acids on appetite regulatory neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in a pig model

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
D. Valent ◽  
L. Arroyo ◽  
E. Fàbrega ◽  
M. Font-i-Furnols ◽  
M. Rodríguez-Palmero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brain Functions

The pig is a valuable animal model to study obesity in humans due to the physiological similarity between humans and pigs in terms of digestive and associated metabolic processes. The dietary use of vegetal protein, probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids is recommended to control weight gain and to fight obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Likewise, there are recent reports on their beneficial effects on brain functions. The hypothalamus is the central part of the brain that regulates food intake by means of the production of food intake-regulatory hypothalamic neuropeptides, as neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin A and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. Other mesolimbic areas, such as the hippocampus, are also involved in the control of food intake. In this study, the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with these additives on brain neuropeptides and neurotransmitters was assessed in forty-three young pigs fed for 10 weeks with a control diet (T1), a high fat diet (HFD, T2), and HFD with vegetal protein supplemented with Bifidobacterium breve CECT8242 alone (T3) or in combination with omega-3 fatty acids (T4). A HFD provoked changes in regulatory neuropeptides and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the hypothalamus and alterations mostly in the dopaminergic system in the ventral hippocampus. Supplementation of the HFD with B. breve CECT8242, especially in combination with omega-3 fatty acids, was able to partially reverse the effects of HFD. Correlations between productive and neurochemical parameters supported these findings. These results confirm that pigs are an appropriate animal model alternative to rodents for the study of the effects of HFD on weight gain and obesity. Furthermore, they indicate the potential benefits of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids on brain function.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Impact on Health and Disease Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Samina Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti ◽  
Rida Fatima Saeed ◽  
Asma Saleem Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Health And Disease

Over the last decades, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been largely explored not only for their nutritional value but also for the numerous biological functions and therapeutic effects. The serum and erythrocyte levels of PUFAs depend on the genetic control of metabolism as well as the dietary intake and are considered to reflect the health and disease status of an individual. Two families of PUFAs, omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), have gained much attention because of their involvement in the production of bioactive lipid mediators and therefore, a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio is crucial in maintaining the overall health of an individual. Omega-3 PUFAs, notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) have been shown to exert beneficial effects, possibly due to their lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective effects, whereas omega-6 fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) exhibit the opposite properties. Even though, numerous epidemiological studies and clinical interventions have clearly established the effectiveness of omega-3 PUFAs in various pathological conditions including dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, some controversies do exist about the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs and need to be clarified. Larger clinical trials with extended follow-up periods are required along with a careful dose selection, in order to confirm the clinical significance and efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs as therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Effect of Supplementation with Hydroethanolic Extract of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Berg.) Leaves and Two Isolated Substances from the Extract on Metabolic Parameters of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Maiara Lopes Cardozo ◽  
Aline Carla Inada ◽  
Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso ◽  
Wander Fernando de Oliveira Filiú ◽  
Bernardo Barcelar de Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
American Institute ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract ◽  
Lipid Parameters

There are still controversies regarding the correlation between the beneficial effects for health and the administration of isolated compounds or crude extracts in therapeutic applications. Campomanesia xanthocarpa, found in the Brazilian Cerrado, demonstrated beneficial effects in metabolic disorders associated with obesity. We investigated the effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa hydroethanolic extract and two isolated substances from the extract (S1 and S2) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model. Male Swiss mice were divided into five groups: (1) American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93M) diet, (2) high-fat diet (HF), (3) HF supplemented with C. xanthocarpa hydroethanolic leaf extract at 100 mg/kg (HFE), (4) HF supplemented with S1 at 1 mg/kg (HFS1) and (5) HF supplemented with S2 at 1 mg/kg (HFS2). The HFS1, HFS2 and HFE groups did not present decreasing body weight or visceral adiposity gain. No differences in glycemic and lipid parameters, or in the expression of protein content in two cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10), were observed. Only the HFS1 group displayed decreased food intake. Even though substantial effects such as an improvement in obesity features or the metabolic and histological parameters promoted by S1, S2 and the extract were not observed, further investigations are necessary to evaluate the principal genes and protein expressions involved in regulating food behavior promoted by S1.

scholarly journals Postnatal Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Rescues Glucocorticoid-Programmed Adiposity, Hypertension, and Hyperlipidemia in Male Rat Offspring Raised on a High-Fat Diet

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (9) ◽  
pp. 3110-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan S. Zulkafli ◽  
Brendan J. Waddell ◽  
Peter J. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat

Fetal glucocorticoid excess programs several adverse outcomes in adult offspring, many of which can be prevented by postnatal, dietary omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids. Here we tested 2 separate hypotheses: 1) a postnatal high-fat diet exacerbates the glucocorticoid-programmed phenotype; and 2) postnatal, dietary n-3 fatty acids rescue programmed outcomes, even in the presence of a high-fat diet challenge. Pregnant Wistar rat dams were either untreated or administered dexamethasone acetate (Dex; 0.5 μg/mL drinking water) from day 13 of pregnancy. Offspring were cross-fostered to untreated mothers and males were weaned onto a standard (Std), high-fat, low n-3 (HF), or high-fat, high n-3 (HFHn-3) diet. Prenatal Dex reduced birth weight (26%) and delayed puberty onset by 1.2 days, irrespective of postnatal diet. Prenatal Dex programmed increased blood pressure in adult offspring, an effect worsened by the postnatal HF diet. Supplementation with high n-3 fatty acids, however, prevented both the Dex and HF-induced increases in blood pressure. Prenatal Dex also programmed increased adiposity, plasma cholesterol, and plasma triglyceride levels at 6 months of age, particularly in those offspring raised on the HF diet. But again, each of these adverse outcomes was rescued by supplementation of the HF diet with n-3 fatty acids. In conclusion, the capacity of n-3 fatty acids to overcome adverse programming outcomes remains evident, even in the presence of a HF diet challenge.

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