Phenotypic alteration of limbal niche–associated limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency by ultraviolet-B exposure–induced phototoxicity in mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prosun Das ◽  
Jacintha Archana Pereira ◽  
Malay Chaklader ◽  
Aditya Law ◽  
Ketaki Bagchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Explant Culture ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Cd38 Expression ◽  
Limbal Stem Cell

Good vision requires a healthy cornea, and a healthy cornea needs healthy stem cells. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are a traditional source of corneal epithelial cells and are recruited for the continuous production of epithelium without seizing throughout an animal's life, which maintains corneal transparency. Like the maintenance of other adult somatic stem cells, the maintenance of LESCs depends on the specific microenvironmental niche in which they reside. The purpose of this study was to determine the microenvironmental damage associated with LESCs fate due to ultraviolet (UV)-B exposure in a mouse model. Structural alteration and deregulation of the stem cell and its neighboring niche components were observed by using clinical, morphological, explant culture study, and flowcytometric analysis, which demonstrated that the limbal microenvironment plays an important role in cornea-related disease development. In UV-exposed mice, overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 indicated neovascularization, decreased CD38 expression signified the alteration of limbal epithelial superficial cells, and the loss of limbal stem cell marker p63 indicated limbal stem cell deficiency in the limbal vicinity. We concluded that LESC deficiency diseases (LESCDDs) are associated with pathophysiological changes in the LESC niche, with some inhibitory interception such as UV-B irradiation, which results in corneal defects.

scholarly journals Derivation and Characterization of EGFP-Labeled Rabbit Limbal Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential for Research in Regenerative Ophthalmology

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1134
Author(s):  
Julia I. Khorolskaya ◽  
Daria A. Perepletchikova ◽  
Daniel V. Kachkin ◽  
Kirill E. Zhurenkov ◽  
Elga I. Alexander-Sinkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Limbal Stem Cell ◽  
Green Fluorescent

The development of cell-based approaches to the treatment of various cornea pathologies, including limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), is an area of current interest in regenerative biomedicine. In this context, the shortage of donor material is urgent, and limbal mesenchymal stem cells (L-MSCs) may become a promising cell source for the development of these novel approaches, being established mainly within the rabbit model. In this study, we obtained and characterized rabbit L-MSCs and modified them with lentiviral transduction to express the green fluorescent protein EGFP (L-MSCs-EGFP). L-MSCs and L-MSCs-EGFP express not only stem cell markers specific for mesenchymal stem cells but also ABCG2, ABCB5, ALDH3A1, PAX6, and p63a specific for limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs), as well as various cytokeratins (3/12, 15, 19). L-MSCs-EGFP have been proven to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic directions, as well as to transdifferentiate into epithelial cells. The possibility of using L-MSCs-EGFP to study the biocompatibility of various scaffolds developed to treat corneal pathologies was demonstrated. L-MSCs-EGFP may become a useful tool for studying regenerative processes occurring during the treatment of various corneal pathologies, including LSCD, with the use of cell-based technologies.

scholarly journals Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha as a Marker of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Development and Stem Cell Biology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin M. Farahani ◽  
Munira Xaymardan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Factor Receptor Alpha ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Three decades on, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been intensively researched on the bench top and used clinically. However, ambiguity still exists in regard to their anatomical locations, identities, functions, and extent of their differentiative abilities. One of the major impediments in the quest of the MSC research has been lack of appropriatein vivomarkers. In recent years, this obstacle has been resolved to some degree as PDGFRαemerges as an important mesenchymal stem cell marker. Accumulating lines of evidence are showing that the PDGFRα+cells reside in the perivascular locations of many adult interstitium and fulfil the classic concepts of MSCsin vitroandin vivo. PDGFRαhas long been recognised for its roles in the mesoderm formation and connective tissue development during the embryogenesis. Current review describes the lines of evidence regarding the role of PDGFRαin morphogenesis and differentiation and its implications for MSC biology.

scholarly journals Limbal stem cell deficiency: etiology, pathogenesis, priniciples and prospects of surgical treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
A. S. Dubovikov ◽  
I. O. Gavrilyuk ◽  
A. N. Kulikov ◽  
S. V. Churashov ◽  
V. F. Chernysh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Limbal Stem Cells ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Limbal Stem Cell

The review is focused on the modern view of the etiology and pathogenesis of limbal stem cells deficiency. The history of development of tissue and ex-vivo transplantation of limbal epithelial stem cells is presented. Certain promising directions of the treatment of patients with limbal stem cells deficiency are presented.

scholarly journals EGFR signaling promotes self-renewal through the establishment of cell polarity in Drosophila follicle stem cells

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Castanieto ◽  
Michael J Johnston ◽  
Todd G Nystul
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Egfr Signaling ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Liver Kinase B1 ◽  
Follicle Stem Cells ◽  
Drosophila Ovary

Epithelial stem cells divide asymmetrically, such that one daughter replenishes the stem cell pool and the other differentiates. We found that, in the epithelial follicle stem cell (FSC) lineage of the Drosophila ovary, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling functions specifically in the FSCs to promote the unique partially polarized state of the FSC, establish apical–basal polarity throughout the lineage, and promote FSC maintenance in the niche. In addition, we identified a novel connection between EGFR signaling and the cell-polarity regulator liver kinase B1 (LKB1), which indicates that EGFR signals through both the Ras–Raf–MEK–Erk pathway and through the LKB1–AMPK pathway to suppress apical identity. The development of apical–basal polarity is the earliest visible difference between FSCs and their daughters, and our findings demonstrate that the EGFR-mediated regulation of apical–basal polarity is essential for the segregation of stem cell and daughter cell fates.

scholarly journals Islet morphogenesis and stem cell markers in rat pancreas.

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 947-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Bouwens ◽  
E De Blay
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Intermediate Filament Protein ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Islets Of Langerhans

During embryonic development, and possibly also later in life, pancreatic islets of Langerhans originate from differentiating epithelial stem cells. These stem cells are situated in the pancreatic ducts but are otherwise poorly characterized. We found by immunohistochemical staining that protodifferentiated pancreatic epithelial cells from rat embryos of Day 13-Day 15 express the cytoskeletal protein keratin 20, similar to mature duct epithelium. During the period of islet morphogenesis, which occurs between Day 17 and birth, large aggregates of K20-positive duct cells were formed, which gradually differentiated into endocrine cells. This islet morphogenic mechanism has not been described thus far and we did not observe it in postnatal rats. During fetal islet formation, transient expression of vimentin was noted in the duct cells but not in endocrine cells. This intermediate filament protein is not observed in duct epithelial cells after birth. The proto-oncogene product bcl-2, a putative epithelial stem cell marker, was detected in duct cells from fetal and postnatal pancreas. We conclude that K20, vimentin, and bcl-2 are markets for the pancreatic (islet) stem cells.

scholarly journals Clinical Trials of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Treated with Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Oliva ◽  
Fawzia Bardag-Gorce ◽  
Yutaka Niihara
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Limbal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Limbal Stem Cell

The corneal surface is an essential organ necessary for vision, and its clarity must be maintained. The corneal epithelium is renewed by limbal stem cells, located in the limbus and in palisades of Vogt. Palisades of Vogt maintain the clearness of the corneal epithelium by blocking the growth of conjunctival epithelium and the invasion of blood vessels over the cornea. The limbal region can be damaged by chemical burns, physical damage (e.g., by contact lenses), congenital disease, chronic inflammation, or limbal surgeries. The degree of limbus damage is associated with the degree of limbal stem cells deficiency (partial or total). For a long time, the only treatment to restore vision was grafting part of the healthy cornea from the other eye of the patient or by transplanting a cornea from cadavers. The regenerative medicine and stem cell therapies have been applied to restore normal vision using different methodologies. The source of stem cells varies from embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, to induced pluripotent stem cells. This review focuses on the use of oral mucosa epithelial stem cells and their use in engineering cell sheets to treat limbal stem cell deficient patients.

Delayed Loss of Corneal Epithelial Stem Cells in a Chemical Injury Model Associated with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency in Rabbits

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1098-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Kadar ◽  
Vered Horwitz ◽  
Rita Sahar ◽  
Maayan Cohen ◽  
Liat Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Chemical Injury ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Limbal Stem Cell
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