Prevention of ice propagation by permeability barriers in bud axes of Vitis vinifera

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim S Jones ◽  
Bryan D McKersie ◽  
John Paroschy
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Nucleation Temperature ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Vitis Species ◽  
Freezing Acclimation ◽  
Apoplastic Permeability

A physical barrier exists in Vitis vinifera L. (wine-quality grapevines) between the canes that freeze at subzero temperatures and the buds that supercool, thereby avoiding ice formation in these delicate organs. Our objective was to characterize the ice nucleation barrier by observing grape buds at different stages of acclimation, by treating them with pectinase, and by comparing them to buds of the more hardy Vitis riparia L. and to non-supercooling buds of Populus nigra L. "Italica." Differential thermal analysis (DTA) indicated that as V. vinifera andV. riparia acclimated in the autumn, the ice nucleation point of the buds declined, then increased as the grapevines de-acclimated in the spring. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to detect the penetration of fluorescent rhodamine green dyes from the cane into the bud as a measure of apoplastic permeability. These pore size exclusion tests indicated that the bud axes were impermeable to a 3000 MW dextran-conjugated dye when the ice nucleation temperature was below -20°C, but permeable above -20°C. This lower porosity presumably restricts the penetration of ice into the bud from the cane. In contrast to the two Vitis species, the permeability of Populus buds did not limit ice propagation, and the water in buds froze between -5 and -10°C according to DTA. Pectinase and phosphate treatments of grape buds to remove pectin increased apoplastic permeability, increased the ice nucleation temperature, and prevented supercooling according to DTA. Light microscopy indicated that suberin coated the scales of the grape buds, probably preventing ice nucleation from the environment, but was not present in the bud axis region. We concluded that a permeability barrier, possibly containing pectin, in the axis of grape buds limits the propagation of ice into the buds and enables supercooling to occur.Key words: supercooling, freezing, acclimation, winter hardiness, pectin, confocal microscopy.

Vitis Species from the Southwestern United States Vary in Their Susceptibility to Powdery Mildew

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. PDIS-10-20-2103
Author(s):  
Laila Fayyaz ◽  
Alan Tenscher ◽  
Andy Viet Nguyen ◽  
Huma Qazi ◽  
M. Andrew Walker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Vitis Species ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Eastern Species

The European grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) has been cultivated in North America for about 500 years. One of the major limitations to its culture is the powdery mildew (PM) fungus, Erysiphe necator Schw. This study reports on the most extensive screening of Vitis species from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico for resistance to PM, testing 147 accessions of 13 Vitis species. In addition, Vitis vinifera cv. Carignane, a highly susceptible wine grape cultivar, was used as a reference to evaluate the effect of the inoculum 14 days postinoculation. Inoculation was done with a vacuum-operated settling tower using a broadly virulent isolate of E. necator, the C-strain. Resistant accessions (nine), moderately susceptible accessions (39), and highly susceptible accessions (99) were detected. The resistant accessions were then inoculated with an additional fungal isolate, e1-101, and they retained their resistance. Vitis species susceptibility was not associated with a North-South gradation, but Western species were more susceptible than Midwestern and Eastern species. All five of the V. monticola accessions were susceptible, as were the accessions of V. treleasei. The species V. acerifolia, V. candicans, V. cinerea, and V. × doaniana had significantly more resistant to moderately susceptible accessions compared with V. arizonica, V. berlandieri, V. californica, V. × champinii, V. girdiana, V. riparia, and V. rupestris, which had relatively more susceptible accessions than the other species. This research identified new sources of PM resistance in Vitis from the southwestern United States that could be incorporated into PM resistance breeding programs throughout the world.

scholarly journals Genetic Stability of in vitro Propagated Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Al-Bayadi

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Bandar S. Aljuaid ◽  
Ismail A. Ismail ◽  
Attia O. Attia ◽  
El Dessoky S. Dessoky
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Vitis Species ◽  
Rpoc1 Gene

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) fruit crops are a significant source of antioxidants, fibre, and nutrients; all are vital for a healthy diet and play a key role in the economy of several advanced and developing countries. It is of great importance to generate true-to-type plant products using in vitro propagation system. Thus, somaclonal variations can multiply very rapidly which leads to loss of the main features of parent rootstocks. In this research, a mixture of three Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based molecular marker methods – (conserved DNA derived polymorphism) CDDP, (Inter-simple sequence repeat) ISSR, and DNA barcoding – have been used to verify micro propagated grapevine genetic stability. Both ISSR and CDDP primer combinations produced scorable PCR fragments. The total number of bands was 98 and 109, with an average of 9.8 and 10.9 bands/primer in ISSR and CDDP assays, respectively. On the other hand, about 20 polymorphic bands were collected by CDDP primers, of CDDP-3 and CDDP-11produced 1 and 5 bands, with a polymorphism percentage of 11% and 33%, respectively. About 5 different unique PCR bands were detected in the mother plant (control) and were not observed in micro propagated plantlets (MP) samples of grapevine plant or vice versa. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using ISSR and CDDP assays diverged the control from MP samples at 1.3% and 7%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree constructed using (chloroplast gene RNA polymerase1) rpoC1 gene, multiple sequence alignment revealed that rpoC1 gene sequencing detected small genetic differences between control and MP samples of the grapevine and clustered grapevine control and MP samples to a single cluster with other Vitis species. This experiment reveals the potentiality of using CDDP, ISSR, and DNA barcoding in detecting the somaclonal variation of grapevine varieties subjected to tissue culture as a tool for plant conservation and breeding programs.

Cloning and characterization of Vine-1, a LTR-retrotransposon-like element in Vitis vinifera L., and other Vitis species

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Verriès ◽  
C Bès ◽  
P This ◽  
C Tesnière
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Primer Binding Site ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Vitis Species ◽  
Gag Protein ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Multiple Copies

We report the organization of a grapevine chimeric gene Adhr-Vine-1, composed by an Adhr gene, into which a retroelement, Vine-1, was inserted. Sequence analysis revealed that Adhr is a member of the Adh multigene family, but does not correspond to any other grapevineAdh described to date. Vine-1, albeit defective, is the most complete LTR (long terminal repeat)-retrotransposon-like element described in Vitis vinifera L. It is 2392 bp long, with two almost identical LTRs (287 bp) in the same orientation, and flanked by direct repeats of a 5 bp host DNA. This element presents other features, characteristic of retroviruses and retrotransposons including inverted repeats, a primer binding site, and a polypurine tract. It has a single open reading frame (ORF) of 581 amino acids, potentially encoding for a gag protein and parts of the protease and integrase proteins. Vine-1 is most likely related to the copia-like type family, but with no significant similarity to any previously described plant retrotransposon or inserted element, nor to any eukaryotic element described to date. Vine-1 element has been found in Adhr at the same location in different V. vinifera cultivars, but not in some other analyzed Vitis species. These data suggest that Vine-1 insertion in Adhr is specific to V. vinifera, and has occurred after the Adh isogene separation, but prior to cultivar development. Sequences related to Vine-1 were revealed in multiple copies in the V. vinifera genome and, to a lesser extent, in other analyzed Vitis species. The polymorphism observed prompts us to question the role played by transposition in the evolution of the Vitis genus. Key words: alcohol dehydrogenase, LTR, polymorphism, retrotransposon, Vitis vinifera L.

Resveratrol oligomers from Vitis Vinifera L. stems

Planta Medica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Amira-Guebailia ◽  
T Richard ◽  
S Rouaiguia ◽  
P Waffo Tueguo ◽  
JC Delaunay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L

Biotransformation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in the rhizosphere of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wang ◽  
T. Zhou1 ◽  
K. Li ◽  
X.W. Guo ◽  
Y.S. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Isolation and characterization of cell walls from the mesocarp of mature grape berries (Vitis vinifera)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Nunan ◽  
Ian Sims ◽  
A Bacic ◽  
SP Robinson ◽  
GB Fincher
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Nylon Mesh ◽  
Cytoplasmic Material ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

Cell walls have been isolated from the mesocarp of mature grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries. Tissue homogenates were suspended in 80% (v/v) ethanol to minimise the loss of water-soluble wall components and wet-sieved on nylon mesh to remove cytoplasmic material. The cell wall fragments retained on the sieve were subsequently treated with buffered phenol at pH 7.0, to inactivate any wall-bound enzymes and to dislodge small amounts of cytoplasmic proteins that adhered to the walls. Finally, the wall preparation was washed with chloroform/methanol (1:1, v/v) to remove lipids and dried by solvent exchange. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the wall preparation was essentially free of vascular tissue and adventitious protein of cytoplasmic origin. Compositional analysis showed that the walls consisted of approximately 90% by weight of polysaccharide and less than 10% protein. The protein component of the walls was shown to be rich in arginine and hydroxyproline residues. Cellulose and polygalacturonans were the major constituents, and each accounted for 30-40% by weight of the polysaccharide component of the walls. Substantial varietal differences were observed in the relative abundance of these two polysaccharides. Xyloglucans constituted approximately 10% of the polysaccharide fraction and the remainder was made up of smaller amounts of mannans, heteroxylans, arabinans and galactans.

Sistemas atmosféricos em Santa Catarina no período da maturação à colheita de videira Cabernet Sauvignon

Agrometeoros ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pandolfo ◽  
Marilene De Lima ◽  
Angelo Mendes Massignam ◽  
Aparecido Lima da Silva ◽  
Luiz Albano Hammes
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Santa Catarina

Os sistemas atmosféricos exercem um papel significativo no clima de uma região e poucos trabalhos determinaram os impactos dos sistemas atmosféricos no de­senvolvimento e na produção de videira. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram deter­minar a frequência de ocorrência dos sistemas atmosféricos durante o período da maturação à colheita da videira (Vitis vinifera L.) var. Cabernet Sauvignon para as duas regiões produtoras de Santa Catarina em diferentes safras e determinar a as­sociação entre a ocorrência dos sistemas atmosféricos e as regiões produtoras e as safras. Os sistemas atmosféricos foram identificados durante as safras de 2005/2006 à 2008/2009. Os municípios de Água Doce e Campos Novos foram escolhidos para re­presentar a região produtora 1 e os municípios de Bom Retiro e São Joaquim para re­presentar a região produtora 2. As frequências de ocorrências dos sistemas atmosfé­ricos durante o período da maturação à colheita de videira são muito semelhantes entre as regiões, somente houve diferença na frequência de ocorrência do sistema jato subtropical entre regiões. Houve uma diferença significativa da ocorrência da frequência dos sistemas atmosféricos entre safras.

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