Isolation, identification, and antifungal activity of a macrolide antibiotic, oligomycin A, produced by Streptomyces libani

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom Seok Kim ◽  
Surk Sik Moon ◽  
Byung Kook Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Oligomycin A

The antibiotic As1A, strongly inhibitory to Phytophthora capsici Leonian in vitro and in vivo, was isolated from the broth culture of Streptomyces libani Baldacci & Grein using various chromatographic procedures. The molecular formula of the antibiotic As1A was deduced to be C45H74O11 (M+H, m/z 791.5307) by high resolution fast atom bombardment - mass spectroscopy. The analysis of 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, DEPT experiment, and two-dimensional NMR spectral data revealed that the antibiotic is a macrolide antibiotic having a 26-membered alpha, beta-unsaturated macrolactone ring with a conjugated diene fused to a bicyclic spiroketal. Based on the comparison of NMR data and other chemical properties, the antibiotic As1A turned out to have the same structure as oligomycin A. The antibiotic As1A showed a high level of inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Pers., Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Arthur, Colletotrichum lagenarium (C.P. Robin) Berkhout, Magnaporthe grisea (Herb.) Barr, and P. capsici, ranging from 3 to 5 µg·mL-1 of MICs. However, no antimicrobial activity was found against yeasts and bacteria. In further evaluation under greenhouse conditions, developments of the Phytophthora disease, anthracnose, and leaf blast were markedly inhibited on pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Hanbyul), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Baekrokdadaki), and rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nakdong) plants by treatments with the antibiotic As1A, respectively. Control efficacies of the antibiotic As1A against these plant diseases were in general similar to those of metalaxyl, chlorothalonil, and tricyclazole. The antibiotic As1A did not show any phytotoxicity on pepper, cucumber, and rice plants even at 500 µg·mL-1.Key words: Streptomyces libani, oligomycin A, antifungal activity, plant disease control.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Silver Ions and Nanoparticles on Phytopathogenic Fungi

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ki Jo ◽  
Byung H. Kim ◽  
Geunhwa Jung
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Planta

Silver in ionic or nanoparticle forms has a high antimicrobial activity and is therefore widely used for various sterilization purposes including materials of medical devices and water sanitization. There have been relatively few studies on the applicability of silver to control plant diseases. Various forms of silver ions and nanoparticles were tested in the current study to examine the antifungal activity on two plant-pathogenic fungi, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Magnaporthe grisea. In vitro petri dish assays indicated that silver ions and nanoparticles had a significant effect on the colony formation of these two pathogens. Effective concentrations of the silver compounds inhibiting colony formation by 50% (EC50) were higher for B. sorokiniana than for M. grisea. The inhibitory effect on colony formation significantly diminished after silver cations were neutralized with chloride ions. Growth chamber inoculation assays further confirmed that both ionic and nanoparticle silver significantly reduced these two fungal diseases on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Particularly, silver ions and nanoparticles effectively reduced disease severity with an application at 3 h before spore inoculation, but their efficacy significantly diminished when applied at 24 h after inoculation. The in vitro and in planta evaluations of silver indicated that both silver ions and nanoparticles influence colony formation of spores and disease progress of plant-pathogenic fungi. In planta efficacy of silver ions and nanoparticles is much greater with preventative application, which may promote the direct contact of silver with spores and germ tubes, and inhibit their viability.

scholarly journals Definition of Tissue-Specific and General Requirements for Plant Infection in a Phytopathogenic Fungus

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Dufresne ◽  
Anne E. Osbourn
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinase ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Plant Infection

Although plant diseases are usually characterized by the part of the plant that is affected (e.g., leaf spots, root rots, wilts), surprisingly little is known about the factors that condition the ability of pathogens to colonize different plant tissues. Here we demonstrate that the leaf blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea also can infect plant roots, and we exploit this finding to distinguish tissue-specific and general requirements for plant infection. Tests of a M. grisea mutant collection identified some mutants that were defective specifically in infection of either leaves or roots, and others such as the map kinase mutant pmk1 that were generally defective in pathogenicity. Conservation of a functional PMK1-related MAP kinase in the root pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis was also demonstrated. Exploitation of the ability of M. grisea to infect distinct plant tissues thus represents a powerful tool for the comprehensive dissection of genetic determinants of tissue specificity and global requirements for plant infection.

scholarly journals Characterization of Antifungal Lipopeptide Biosurfactants Produced by Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. CS30

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimei Wu ◽  
Ge Liu ◽  
Shengnan Zhou ◽  
Zhenxia Sha ◽  
Chaomin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Final Purification Step ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

This study was initiated to screen for marine bacterial agents to biocontrol Magnaporthe grisea, a serious fungal pathogen of cereal crops. A bacterial strain, isolated from the cold seep in deep sea, exhibited strong growth inhibition against M. grisea, and the strain was identified and designated as Bacillus sp. CS30. The corresponding antifungal agents were purified by acidic precipitation, sequential methanol extraction, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and two antifungal peaks were obtained at the final purification step. After analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS, two purified antifungal agents were deduced to belong to the surfactin family, and designated as surfactin CS30-1 and surfactin CS30-2. Further investigation showed that although the antifungal activity of surfactin CS30-1 is higher than that of surfactin CS30-2, both of them induced the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused serious damage to the cell wall and cytoplasm, thus leading to the cell death of M. grisea. Our results also show the differences of the antifungal activity and antifungal mechanism of the different surfactin homologs surfactin CS30-1 and surfactin CS30-2, and highlight them as potential promising agents to biocontrol plant diseases caused by M. grisea.

Production, purification, and antifungal activity of the antibiotic nucleoside, tubercidin, produced by Streptomyces violaceoniger

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Kook Hwang ◽  
Sang Joon Ahn ◽  
Surk Sik Moon
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Preparative Hplc ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
High Antifungal Activity ◽  
C Nmr

Three antibiotic substances strongly inhibitory to Phytophthora capsici or Magnaporthe grisea were isolated from the broth culture of Streptomyces violaceoniger strain A50. A butanol-soluble mixture of antibiotics from the broth were partially purified by XAD-2 column chromatography. The XAD-2 eluates inhibited the mycelial growth of P. capsici and M. grisea and the development of Phytophthora blight on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants. The antibiotics were separated by silica gel column chromatography and then purified on a Sephadex LH-20 column to yield three peaks of antifungal activity: SF1A, SF1B, and SF2A. The pure antibiotic SF2A was further purified by preparative HPLC and identified as the pyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidine nucleoside tubercidin based on the UV, 1H, and 13C NMR spectral data and other chemical evidence. The antibiotic SF2A and authentic tubercidin showed a high antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungi P. capsici, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Rhizoctonia solani. Key words: Streptomyces violaceoniger, tubercidin, antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Cultural and morphological studies on Ponnampet leaf and neck blast isolates of Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) barr on rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 604-608
Author(s):  
Kalavati Teli ◽  
M.K. Prasannakumar ◽  
V. Jyothi ◽  
S.C. Chandrashekar ◽  
M. Bhagyashree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Neck Blast ◽  
Ph Range

The study was carried out to standardize the optimal growth, sporulation and production of perfect stage of pathogen on different media. Among different media used such as Potato dextrose Agar (PDA), Oat meal Agar, Ragi flour agar, yeast extract + 2% soluble starch, Host extract + 2% soluble sucrose agar, Potato dextrose agar + Biotin + Thiamine and Rice flour agar, Oat meal agar and potato dextrose agar was found to be best media for radial growth and sporulation of M. grisea. Maximum conidia length (9.46μm) and breadth (7.36μm) was recorded in Oat meal agar followed by Potato dextrose agar and least conidia length (6.15 μm) and breadth (5.11 μm) was recorded in ragi flour media after 20 days of inoculation. Conidial size varied in leaf and neck blast isolates, the maximum mean colony diameter of 88.00mm and 89.16mm in neck and leaf blast was recorded in Oat meal agar respectively. The maximum sporulation mean index was observed in Oat Meal agar of 3.15 μm in leaf and 3.20 μm in neck blast was recorded. The best growth of the pathogen was recorded at optimum pH range from 6.0 - 7.0 and temperature of 27oC. Therefore oat meal agar media was found to be best among all the media used for growth, sporulation, conidial size and colony characters of M. grisea.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Phenyl Derivative of Pyranocoumarin fromPsoralea corylifoliaL. Seeds by Inhibition of Acetylation Activity of Trichothecene 3-O-Acetyltransferase (Tri101)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Srinivasan ◽  
D. V. L. Sarada
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ligand Docking ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Interaction ◽  
Phenyl Derivative ◽  
Bond Interaction

Antifungal activity of petroleum ether extract ofPsoralea corylifoliaL. seed, tested againstFusariumsp. namely,Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme,andFusarium graminearum, was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay. The chromatographic fractionation of the extract yielded a new phenyl derivative of pyranocoumarin (PDP). The structure of the PDP was confirmed using spectroscopic characterization (GC-MS, IR, and NMR), and a molecular mass ofm/z414 [M-2H]+with molecular formula C27H28O4was obtained. The PDP had a potent antifungal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 mg/mL againstFusariumsp. Molecular docking using Grid-Based Ligand Docking with Energetics (GLIDE, Schrodinger) was carried out with the Tri101, trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase, as target protein to propose a mechanism for the antifungal activity. The ligand PDP showed bifurcated hydrogen bond interaction with active site residues at TYR 413 and a single hydrogen bond interaction at ARG 402 with a docking score −7.19 and glide energy of −45.78 kcal/mol. This indicated a strong binding of the ligand with the trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase, preventing as a result the acetylation of the trichothecene mycotoxin and destruction of the “self-defense mechanism” of theFusariumsp.

scholarly journals Characterization of Streptomyces padanus JAU4234, a Producer of Actinomycin X2, Fungichromin, and a New Polyene Macrolide Antibiotic

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Qiang Xiong ◽  
Zhi-Ping Zhang ◽  
Jiang-Huai Li ◽  
Sai-Jin Wei ◽  
Guo-Quan Tu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Polyene Macrolide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polyene Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
Streptomyces Padanus

ABSTRACTStrain JAU4234, identified asStreptomyces padanus, was isolated from soil collected in Jiangxi Province, China. It produced actinomycin X2, fungichromin, and a new polyene macrolide compound with antifungal activity, antifungalmycin 702. Antifungalmycin 702 had good general antifungal activity and may have potential future agricultural and/or clinical applications.

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