Patterns of boreal permafrost peatland vegetation across environmental gradients sensitive to climate warming

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Camill
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Feather Mosses ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Ecosystem Level

This study documents changes in community and functional group across environmental gradients sensitive to climate warming in boreal permafrost peatlands and describes how future changes in temperature and precipitation may lead to changes in species composition and ecosystem properties. At the landscape scale, the presence of permafrost strongly influenced species composition. The position of permafrost thaw affected surface water pH and species composition. At local scales, a combination of water table depth and vegetation structure strongly controlled community composition. Permafrost plateau plots with high Picea mariana basal area were characterized by darker and drier understorey conditions, low cover of Sphagnum fuscum, Ledum groenlandicum, and lichen, and high cover of feather mosses. Aquatic collapse scar plots were dominated by aquatic Sphagnum and Carex, whereas more xeric plots were dominated by hummock Sphagnum and ericaceous shrubs. Functional group responses indicated that changing environmental conditions with climate warming may have significant impacts on community composition and ecosystem processes. A decomposition example is presented to show how changes in species and functional group composition could have important implications for ecosystem-level processes like peat accumulation during climate warming.Key words: bogs, fens, boreal, permafrost, vegetation, ordination

Monitoring natural stand change in the forest reserve of Liedekerke, Flanders (Belgium)

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van den Meersschaut ◽  
B. De Cuyper ◽  
K. Vandekerkhove ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Sweet Chestnut

Natural  stand changes in the forest reserve of Liedekerke were analysed during the  period    1986-1996, using a permanent grid of circular plots. The monitoring  concentrated on natural    changes in species composition, using stem number and basal area as  indicators, and changes    in spatial distribution and colonization capacities of trees and shrubs,  with special interest in the    competition between exotic and indigenous species. After only a decade of  monitoring important    natural changes in the woody layer were detected. The pioneer forest is  gradually maturing    through self-thinning processes and shifts in species composition. The  overall stem number    decreased with 33.6%, while the basal area increased with 20.9%. Birch (Betula pendula/    pubescens) and indigenous oak (Quercus robur/petraea) remained  dominant. More tolerant    exotic species, like red oak (Quercus rubra) and sweet chestnut (Castanea  sativa), are slowly    increasing their share in the species composition and expanding their  range. Pioneer species on    the other hand, like aspen (Populus tremula), willow (Salix  capreaicinerealaurita), alder buckthorn    (Frangula alnus) and  common (Alnus glutinosa)  and grey alder (A. incana),  strongly declined.    Black cherry (Prunus serotina) seems to be slowly invading the forest due to its  massive    natural regeneration. Strong competition may be expected especially from  rowan ash (Sorbus    aucuparia), which showed similar regeneration  and colonization capacities. Elder (Sambucus    nigra) dramatically extented its range, though  its share remains marginal. Beech remained absent    most probably due to the lack of mature trees in the vacinity of the  forest. Finally this    change detection allowed that general predictions could be made on the  future natural development    and composition of this forest reserve, which could serve forest management  decisions.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Summer Water Temperature and Current Velocity on the Distribution of a Cold-Water-Adapted Sculpin (Cottus nozawae)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Kaiji Suzuki ◽  
Nobuo Ishiyama ◽  
Itsuro Koizumi ◽  
Futoshi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Water Abstraction

Clarifying the combined effects of water temperature and other environmental factors on the species distributions of cold-water fishes is the first step toward obtaining a better understanding of the complex impacts of climate warming on these species. In the present study, we examined the abundance and occurrence of the fluvial sculpin, Cottus nozawae, in response to water temperature along environmental gradients in northern Japan. The abundance survey was conducted in the Sorachi River catchment with two-pass electrofishing with a backpack electrofisher. For the occurrence survey, we carried out one-pass electrofishing in the Sorachi, Chitose, and Tokachi River catchments. Fish sampling was conducted once from July to August 2018 in the Sorachi River catchment, from May to June 2011 in the Chitose River catchment, and from July to September 2012 in the Tokachi River catchment. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and generalized linear models (GLMs) were used for the abundance and occurrence analyses, respectively. We found that the mean summer water temperature was the most influential factor on the distribution of C. nozawae; the abundance and occurrence were both negatively affected by increased water temperatures. In the occurrence model, occurrence probabilities of 0.9 and 0.5 for C. nozawae corresponded to mean summer temperatures of 12.0 and 16.1 °C, respectively. Furthermore, we identified a combined effect of water temperature and current velocity on the abundance of C. nozawae. The increased mean summer water temperature had a stronger negative effect on C. nozawae abundance under gentle flow conditions. While the precise mechanisms of this combined effect could not be determined in this study, stressors associated with low current velocities may increase their vulnerability to higher water temperatures. Our findings indicate that flow disturbances caused by human activities such as excessive water abstraction may exacerbate the negative impacts of climate warming on populations of C. nozawae in the future.

Elevational gradients of bryophyte diversity, life forms, and community assemblage in the southern Appalachian Mountains

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2164-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Stehn ◽  
Christopher R. Webster ◽  
Janice M. Glime ◽  
Michael A. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Community Assemblage

We investigated the influence of fine-scale elevational gradients and overstory disturbance on bryophyte distribution, diversity, and community composition. Bryophyte species cover and richness were sampled across 60 randomly selected plots within high-elevation spruce–fir ( Picea – Abies ) forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Ordination and regression analyses revealed a fine-scale elevation gradient (700 m) in bryophyte community composition. Observed changes in bryophyte diversity and community composition were also associated with variation in deciduous basal area and thus litter composition, the prevalence of herbaceous plants, and the degree of canopy openness resulting from balsam woolly adelgid ( Adelges piceae Ratz.) infestation. Although overstory disturbances, such as those caused by the adelgid, create suitable substrate for bryophyte colonization, the corresponding increase in light availability and deciduous basal area may alter bryophyte diversity and community assemblages.

scholarly journals The possibility of reclamation criteria success in Indonesia: soil condition, vegetation structure and species composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3201-3210
Author(s):  
Tedi Yunanto ◽  
Farisatul Amanah ◽  
Nabila Putri Wisnu
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Mine Reclamation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Standard Interval ◽  
Chemical Conditions

There are two regulations for mine reclamation success in the forestry area in Indonesia, namely Minister of Forestry Regulation No. P.60/Menhut-II/2009 and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 1827.K/30/MEM/2018. Both regulations rule vegetation and soil success. This study aims to analyse criteria parameters from both regulations in the mine reclamation and compare them to the surrounding secondary natural forest (SNF). This study was conducted in 6 six types of mine reclamation stand structures: 1, 4, 6, 9, 11-year-old plantation and SNF using 1 hectare of the circular plot each (total 6 ha). Soil samples were collected from 40 cm depth to analyse physical, biological and chemical conditions. Mine reclamation areas had almost similar physical, biological and chemical soil conditions with SNF. Nevertheless, due to the potential acid-forming (PAF) material from overburden, the 1-year-old plantation had pH = 3.23-3.27. The highest diversity index and the number of species and families in all reclamation areas were H’ = 1.82 (11-year-old); 14 species (9-year-old); and 11 families (9-year-old), comparing with SNF were H’ = 3.48; 67 species, and 31 families. Conversely, vegetation structure parameters in mine reclamation areas were higher than SNF (diameter at height breast (DBH; 1.3 m) = 28.42 cm; tree density = 469/ha; basal area = 35.04 m2/ha; and total height = 16.85 m). Compared to the SNF, vegetation structure and soil conditions are mostly possible for mine reclamation success. Still, species composition needs to be considered further as a standard interval to meet the criteria.

scholarly journals Amphipod (Crustacea, Amphipoda) Communities in the North-Western Part of the Black Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
S. A. Kudrenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Quantitative Parameters ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

Abstract The data about the community composition, number and biomass of amphipods in three gulfs of the North-Western Black Sea are presented. The amphipod communities of the gulfs of Yahorlyk, Karkinit, and Tendra were studied and the species composition was compared with the previously published data. For each particular gulf, the list of amphipod species was composed. The quantitative parameters of the amphipod communities in the studied localities in different years were described.

Forest Regrowth on the Cumberland Plateau and Implications for Productive Management

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Cumberland Plateau ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Commercial Species

Abstract An old-growth forest and a 35-year-old, second-growth forest on the Cumberland Plateau were studied to compare species composition and structure. Species composition and total basal area of the two stands did not differ, although total stand density was 19 percent lower and basal area of commercial species was 25 percent higher in the old-growth than in the second-growth stand. Analysis of size-class distributions showed that both stands were best represented by an inverse J-shaped distribution, which best describes old-age stands. The rapid regeneration of the second-growth stand seems to be the result of minimal disturbance to accumulated nutrient pools in the soil. The importance of these accumulated nutrient pools and implications for forest management on the Cumberland Plateau are discussed.

scholarly journals Testing for consistency in the impacts of a burrowing ecosystem engineer on soil and vegetation characteristics across biomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Louw ◽  
N. S. Haussmann ◽  
P. C. le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Ecosystem Engineer ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Ecosystem Engineers ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mesic Grassland ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractThe impacts of ecosystem engineers may be expected to vary along environmental gradients. Due to some resources being more limited in arid than in mesic environments, disturbances created by burrowing mammals are expected to have a greater ameliorating effect in arid environments, with larger differences in microhabitat conditions expected between burrows and undisturbed areas. The aim of this study was to test if the impacts of a medium-sized burrowing mammal, the aardvark, on soil properties (soil temperature, moisture and compaction) and vegetation characteristics (plant cover, species richness and species composition) are consistent across three biomes that differ strongly in annual rainfall. Burrowing affected soil and vegetation attributes, but the direction and magnitude of these biogeomorphological impacts were not consistent across the different biomes. For example, plant species composition was altered by burrowing in the arid scrubland and in the mesic grassland, but not in the semi-arid savannah. Contrary to expectations, the difference in the impacts of burrowing between biomes were not related to rainfall, with burrowing having strong, albeit different, impacts in both the arid scrubland and the mesic grassland, but weaker effects in the semi-arid savannah. It appears, therefore, that the impacts of these biogeomorphic agents may be site-specific and that it may be difficult to predict variation in their biotic and abiotic effects across environmental gradients. As a result, forecasting the impacts of ecosystem engineers under different conditions remains a challenge to management, restoration and conservation strategies related to these types of species.

scholarly journals Influence of host genetics in shaping the rumen bacterial community in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Abbas ◽  
Jeremy T. Howard ◽  
Henry A. Paz ◽  
Kristin E. Hales ◽  
James E. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Abstract In light of recent host-microbial association studies, a consensus is evolving that species composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota is a polygenic trait governed by interactions between host genetic factors and the environment. Here, we investigated the effect of host genetic factors in shaping the bacterial species composition in the rumen by performing a genome-wide association study. Using a common set of 61,974 single-nucleotide polymorphisms found in cattle genomes (n = 586) and corresponding rumen bacterial community composition, we identified operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Families and Phyla with high heritability. The top associations (1-Mb windows) were located on 7 chromosomes. These regions were associated with the rumen microbiota in multiple ways; some (chromosome 19; position 3.0–4.0 Mb) are associated with closely related taxa (Prevotellaceae, Paraprevotellaceae, and RF16), some (chromosome 27; position 3.0–4.0 Mb) are associated with distantly related taxa (Prevotellaceae, Fibrobacteraceae, RF16, RFP12, S24-7, Lentisphaerae, and Tenericutes) and others (chromosome 23; position 0.0–1.0) associated with both related and unrelated taxa. The annotated genes associated with identified genomic regions suggest the associations observed are directed toward selective absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen to increase energy availability to the host. This study demonstrates that host genetics affects rumen bacterial community composition.

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