Pollen development in relation to phenological stages of inflorescence expansion in Amelanchier alnifolia (saskatoon), with a comparison with buds forced out of dormancy

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Michael J Sumner ◽  
William R Remphrey ◽  
Richard Martin
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Flower Bud Development

A relationship was developed between phenological stages of inflorescence expansion and the internal development of pollen within the anther of Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. flowers. The major microscopic events associated with microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis were correlated with seven stages of external inflorescence development in both natural buds and those forced from dormancy in different concentrations of gibberellin at various times of the year. In fall and early spring, it was found that gibberellin at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L forced buds to produce inflorescences that most resembled those from natural field populations. However, it was not possible to force flower buds to develop all the way to anthesis. Flower bud development stopped when the pollen was at the binucleate stage. Despite this limitation, the ability to force buds increases the time frame for the study of many aspects of the reproductive biology of A. alnifolia.Key words: microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, gibberellin, GA, flowering.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SWEET CHERRY FLOWER BUD DEVELOPMENT AND FRUIT QUALITY

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 668b-668
Author(s):  
Preston K. Andrews ◽  
Shulin Li ◽  
Margaret L. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Flower Bud Development

The development of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L., `Bing') flower buds from winter through anthesis was examined. Shoots were collected from the top and bottom of the canopy. The weight and size of flower buds and primordia produced on last-season's and 1-year-old wood were measured. As early as mid-December bud and primordia size and weight were greater on last-season's wood than on 1-year-old wood, with the largest and heaviest buds and primordia produced on last-season's wood in the bottom of the canopy. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of primordia per bud and primordium weight. The relationship between flower bud and primordia size during mid-December and ovary size at anthesis suggests a causal relationship, which may be a major source of variation influencing harvested fruit size and quality.

scholarly journals Water Stress Alter Leaf Hydric Status and Flower Bud Development in Apricot cv. “Royal”

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
H. Ramírez ◽  
A. I. Melendres- Alvarez ◽  
A. Zermeño- González ◽  
D. Jasso- Cantú ◽  
J. A. Villarreal- Quintanilla
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Aims: The apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), is a drought-sensitive deciduous fruit. This concept arises from the fact that soil moisture stress can: Decrease the number and quality of flower buds differentiated; delay the time of flower differentiation and decrease the number of flower buds per shoot. The objectives of this investigation were to determine: The extent to which drought influences water status in the leaves; its effect on flower buds development and on bloom in apricot cv. “Royal”. Study Design: Trees were divided into 6 groups of six replicate each under a random block design. Results were analyzed using the statistical program 'RStudio' for Windows version 10 and data obtained subjected to a comparison of means with the Tukey (P≤0.05) test. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture in Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Mexico, during 2018-2019. Methodology: Seven-year-old apricot trees growing in containers were subjected to a 4 to 5week period of water stress at different times during the growing season. Leaf water potential was periodically measured and flower bud development was followed from early differentiation up to full bloom. Results: Leaf water potential in water stressed trees was constantly low. Water stress early in the season induced a delay in bud development during late summer and fall. Water stress late in the season did not appreciably affect the rate of bud development. Full bloom was delayed when water stress was applied in late summer and fall. Water stress at flower bud initiation and differentiation, together with high temperatures, may have induced flowers with double pistils. Water stress from April through October did not induce flower drop. Conclusion: Soil water stress severely affect leaf water potential; delays flower bud development and may induce flowers with double pistils without flower drop.

scholarly journals 625 Early Fall Defoliation of Southern Highbush Blueberry Inhibits Flower Bud Initiation and Retards Flower Bud Development

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 505B-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
E.P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Unit Length ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Flower Bud Development

In 1998, representative canes of mature, field-grown, `Misty' and `Sharpblue' southern highbush blueberry were hand-defoliated on 4 Sept., 2 Oct., 6 Nov., 7 Dec., or not defoliated. The experiment was repeated in 1999. Randomized complete-block designs with 11 (1998) or 10 (1999) replications were used. The early defoliation treatments (4 Sept. and 2 Oct.) resulted in reduced flower bud number per unit length of cane for `Misty', but not for `Sharpblue', when compared with later defoliation treatments or controls. A similar response to early defoliation was found both years for both cultivars. The later defoliation treatments (6 Nov. and 7 Dec.) had no significant effect on flower bud number compared to controls. Early defoliation had a negative effect on flower bud development for both cultivars. Flower buds that developed on canes defoliated on 4 Sept. or on 2 Oct. had smaller diameters than flower buds on canes defoliated on 6 Nov., 7 Dec., or on non-defoliated canes. Fruit fresh weight per unit cane length was less for the September and October defoliation treatments than for the December defoliation treatment or controls. These results support the need for summer pruning and a effective summer spray program to control leaf spot diseases that often result in early fall defoliation of southern highbush blueberries grown in the southeastern United States.

scholarly journals (93) Vegetative and Flower Bud Development, and Fruit Set of Low-chill Peach Cultivars in North-central, Central, and Southwest Florida

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029A-1029
Author(s):  
Todd Wert ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
Robert E. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
North Central ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Southwest Florida ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Four low-chill peach cultivars were evaluated at three locations in Florida for vegetative and reproductive bud development and fruit set. Twenty trees (five each of `Flordaprince', `Tropicbeauty', `UFgold', and `Flordaglo') were planted at each site in Feb. 2002. Prior to budbreak in Spring 2004 and 2005, three shoots per tree of average length and diameter were selected at a height between 1.5–2.0 m and the numbers of vegetative and flower buds per node were recorded for each shoot. No consistent pattern for the number of vegetative buds per node was observed among cultivars and locations, or across years. However, 'Tropicbeauty' tended to have fewer vegetative buds per node than `Flordaprince' during both seasons, although not at all locations. Overall, the number of flower buds per node was greater for north-central Florida than for central or southwest Florida. There were no consistent tends over years and among locations for the ranked order of flower buds per node by cultivar. The percentage of nodes without flower or vegetative buds (blind nodes) was generally greatest for `Tropicbeauty' at most locations during both years. During 2005, the percentage of blind nodes was greater in central and southwest Florida than in north-central Florida. Overall, fruit set was similar between the central and north-central Florida locations. Fruit set tended to be higher for `UFGold' and `Flordaglo' than for `Flordaprince' or `Tropicbeauty'.

scholarly journals Cold Injury of Southern Blueberries as a Function of Germplasm and Season of Flower Bud Development

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Patten ◽  
Elizabeth Neuendorff ◽  
Gary Nimr ◽  
John R. Clark ◽  
Gina Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Frost Damage ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Cold Damage ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Flower Bud Development

The relative tolerance of flower buds and flowers of southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) to cold damage was compared to rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). For similar stages of floral bud development, southern highbush and highbush cultivars had less winter freeze and spring frost damage than rabbiteye cultivars. Cold damage increased linearly with stage of flower bud development. Small fruit were more sensitive to frost damage than open flowers. Rabbiteye blueberry flower buds formed during the fall growth flush were more hardy than buds formed during the spring growth flush, regardless of cultivar or stage of development.

scholarly journals Strawberry Cultivars Compensate for Simulated Bud Weevil Damage in Matted Row Plantings

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Pritts ◽  
Mary Jo Kelly ◽  
Greg English-Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

The strawberry bud weevil (Anthonomus signatus Say; clipper) is considered to be a serious early-season pest in perennial matted row strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duchesne) plantings in North America. Adult females damage flower buds in early spring by depositing an egg in the bud, then clipping the bud from the pedicel. Action thresholds are low (two clipped buds/meter of row) because pest managers and growers have assumed that one clipped flower bud results in the loss of one average-sized fruit. Fields with a history of clipper damage are often treated with insecticides during the first period of warm weather that coincides with inflorescence development, without scouting for clipped buds or evaluating damage. We examined 12 strawberry cultivars and found that most can compensate for a significant amount of flower bud loss, provided that the loss occurs early in the development of the inflorescence. A new threshold is proposed in which the potential loss of fruit per inflorescence is considered, along with the total number of severely damaged inflorescences. We believe that in most circumstances and with most cultivars, clipper injury will remain below the damage threshold.

scholarly journals Morfologi dan Pertumbuhan Planlet Hasil Induksi Poliploidi melalui Perlakuan Kolkisin pada Kuncup Bunga Anggrek Bulan (Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume)

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tubagus Kiki Kawakibi Azmi ◽  
Dewi Sukma ◽  
Sandra Arifin Aziz ◽  
Dan Muhamad Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Aluminium Foil ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Flower Bud Development

<br />Induction of polyploid gametes is one of useful plant polyploidization methods. Some of its benefits are to obtain triploid and tetraploid progenies at the same time by cross and self pollination. Previous research showed that some morphological characters which could be the indications of polyploidy plantlets before the analysis of chromosome number. Colchicine treatment on flower bud of diploid Phalaenopsis amabilis was conducted to determine the effect of colchicine on flower bud development, plantlets morphology and growth, and potential of polyploidy induction based on plantlets morphology. Colchicine concentrations in the experiment were 0, 50, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg L-1, with three days duration of treatments with aluminium foil wraps on flower buds. The results showed that high colchicine concentrations (2,000 mg L-1) inhibited flowers blooming of treated flower buds. Based on morphological characters, plantlets were classified into normal and putative polyploid plantlets. Putative polyploid plantlets from colchicine with the concentration of 50, 500, and 1,000 mg L-1 were 71.2, 86.4, and 100.0% respectively.<br /><br />Keywords: colchicine concentration, morphological characters, normal plantlets, putative polyploidy, reproductive organ<br /><br />

Budbreak of Rabbiteye Blueberry Enhanced by Hydrogen Cyanamide

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 529b-529
Author(s):  
Melvin R. Hall ◽  
Max E. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Vaccinium Ashei ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Chilling Temperatures ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Few flower buds on pot grown `T-227' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) advanced past stage 1 (tight bud) when exposed to 0 or 200 h of chilling temperatures (4 °C), regardless of treatment with hydrogen cyanamide. However, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% sprays on plants chilled 400 h advanced flower bud development through stage 6 (open). Sprays were less effective on plants chilled for 600 h or longer, and 1% and 2% sprays caused some phytotoxicity regardless of chilling.

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