Bitter cherry (Prunus emarginata) distribution, successional dynamics, and implications for the role of the seed bank

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1725-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian B Oakley ◽  
Jerry F Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Direct Measures

Bitter cherry (Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) Walp.) is a largely unstudied early successional tree native to the Pacific Northwest. We used multiple regression and regression tree analyses to identify the most significant variables describing the distribution of bitter cherry populations in the western Cascade Range of Oregon. To determine if bitter cherry relies on a soil seed bank for regeneration after disturbance, we compared successional patterns to direct measures of buried seed. Measurements from 78 sites ranging in age from 1 to 50 years since disturbance and 29 years of permanent plot data showed density, constancy, and cover were low in the first decade after disturbance and did not peak until the third decade. Based on these patterns, we inferred that bitter cherry is not an obligate seed bank species. We did find viable seeds stored in the soil (25.0 ± 6.4 seeds/m2 (mean ± SE) on sites with >600 live stems/ha) but concluded that historical disturbance intervals greater than the length of time seeds can remain viable in the soil have limited bitter cherry regeneration from a seed bank and, as a result, its distribution and abundance. Bitter cherry may play an increasingly important role in Pacific Northwest forests given the large areas of early successional habitat created by frequent timber harvests.Key words: H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, seed bank, early succession, CART.

Geochemical and Petrological Characterization of Ash Samples from Cascade Range Volcanoes

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Randle ◽  
Gordon G. Goles ◽  
Laurence R. Kittleman
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Crystalline Material ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Volcanic Ashes ◽  
Different Sources

Twenty-nine samples of volcanic ash from the Pacific Northwest were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation techniques, with the aim of distinguishing among ashes from different sources. Preliminary results of petrographic studies of 42 ash or pumice samples are also reported. Geochemical characteristics of Mazama ash are defined, and problems induced by winnowing of crystalline material during transport and by weathering are discussed. Contents of La, Th, and Co, and La/Yb ratios are shown to be good discriminants. Data on refractive indices and on proportions of crystalline materials also aid in distinguishing among the various volcanic ashes studied. Ash and pumice found in archaeological contexts at Fort Rock Cave, Paisley Cave, Wildcat Canyon, and Hobo Cave are all from Mount Mazama, presumably from the culminating cruption of 7000 years ago.

The role of the permanent soil seed bank in early stages of a post-agricultural succession in the Inland Pampa, Argentina

Vegetatio ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina D'Angela ◽  
Jos� M. Facelli ◽  
Elizabeth Jacobo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Early Stages

The role of soil temperature and seed dormancy in the creation and maintenance of persistent seed banks of Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Annemieke Ruttledge ◽  
Ralph D. B. Whalley ◽  
Gregory Falzon ◽  
David Backhouse ◽  
Brian M. Sindel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Secondary Dormancy ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Persistent Soil Seed Bank

A large and persistent soil seed bank characterises many important grass weeds, including Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock), a major weed in Australia and other countries. In the present study we examined the effects of constant and alternating temperatures in regulating primary and secondary dormancy and the creation and maintenance of its soil seed bank in northern NSW, Australia. One-month-old seeds were stored at 4, 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C, in a laboratory, and germination tests were conducted every two weeks. Few seeds germinated following storage at 4°C, compared with seeds stored at 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C. Nylon bags containing freshly harvested seeds were buried among N. trichotoma stands in early summer, and germination tests conducted following exhumation after each season over the next 12 months. Seeds buried over summer and summer plus autumn had higher germination than seeds buried over summer plus autumn plus winter, but germination increased again in the subsequent spring. Seeds stored for zero, three, six and 12 months at laboratory temperatures were placed on a thermogradient plate with 81 temperature combinations, followed by incubation at constant 25°C of un-germinated seeds. Constant high or low temperatures prolonged primary dormancy or induced secondary dormancy whereas alternating temperatures tended to break dormancy. Few temperature combinations resulted in more than 80% germination.

Astrosclereids In Needles Of Old-Growth Douglas-Fir Trees

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1240-1241
Author(s):  
M. Apple ◽  
A. Soeldner ◽  
R. Hamill ◽  
K. Tiekotfer
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Function ◽  
Development Structure

Old-growth Douglas-fir trees in the Pacific Northwest are venerable giants that often live for 500 years and reach heights of over 75 meters. Their needles are relatively ephemeral and small but have the important role of interacting with the atmosphere in order to transpire and photosynthesize. Within the photosynthetic mesophyll tissue of Douglas-fir needles, there are large, non-living cells with lignified secondary cell walls that are known as astrosclereids. Apparent channels in the secondary wall may provide a route for exchange or transport of materials between the astrosclereid lumen and mesophyll cells or the vascular cylinder. Astrosclereids may be involvev d in storage of secondary metabolites such as tannin and may develop in response to fungi, mistletoe, or other pathogens. More knowledge is needed about the development, structure and function of astrosclereids.Needles were collected from sapling and old-growth Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, (Mirb.) Franco, trees at the Wind River Canopy Crane in Carson, Washington and from three sites in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon in 1997 and 1998.

The role of fire and a long-lived soil seed bank in maintaining persistence, genetic diversity and connectivity in a fire-prone landscape

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Bradbury ◽  
Sarah-Louise Tapper ◽  
David Coates ◽  
Shelley McArthur ◽  
Margaret Hankinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank

scholarly journals Occurrence and Survival of Apothecia of the Eyespot Pathogens Oculimacula acuformis and O. yallundae on Wheat Stubble in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 991-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Vera ◽  
T. D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Oculimacula Yallundae

Eyespot is a chronic disease of wheat caused by Oculimacula yallundae and O. acuformis that results in premature ripening of grain, lodging, and reduced grain yield. Discovery of the sexual stage of these Oculimacula spp. in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States is relatively recent and the role of apothecia in the epidemiology of eyespot is unclear. Our goals were to determine whether and when apothecia of these Oculimacula spp. are found in the PNW, and monitor their ability to survive over summer and over winter. Seventy-three harvested commercial wheat fields in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington were surveyed for apothecia during spring and fall 2012 and spring 2013. Apothecia of both species were found in both spring and fall in 19% of fields. Apothecia survived on straw placed on the soil surface over the summer but not the winter. This is the first report of O. yallundae apothecia in commercial wheat fields in the PNW. Occurrence of apothecia in spring and fall demonstrates that sexual reproduction of both species occurs regularly in the PNW and at a time when ascospores could serve as primary inoculum for infection of winter wheat. Results of this study are consistent with previous population genetic studies that found high genotypic diversity of both eyespot pathogens in winter wheat fields and provides a baseline for understanding the influence of sexual reproduction on population dynamics and genetics of both pathogens.

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