Antifungal activity of anacardic acid, a naturally occurring derivative of salicylic acid

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Prithiviraj ◽  
U. P. Singh ◽  
M. Manickam ◽  
A. B. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Anacardic Acid ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Salicylic Acid Derivatives

The antifungal activity of anacardic acid and two of its derivatives was tested against some plant pathogenic fungi and the inhibitory effect was compared with that of salicylic acid. Anacardic acid was found to be most effective and it inhibited Colletotrichum capsici spore germination at 125–150 μg mL−1. The results suggest that salicylic acid with appropriate structural modifications may prove to be a superior antifungal agent and can be utilized in controlling certain plant diseases under field conditions. Key words: salicylic acid derivatives, antifungal activity, fungal spore germination.

Homogenate Extraction of Dihydroartemisinin from Artemisia Hedinii and Its Antifungal Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong You ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Guangjiong Qin ◽  
JinPeng Yang ◽  
Chunlei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Homogenate Extraction

Abstract Background Artemisia hedinii is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It can be used to extract dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal conditions for the homogenate extraction of DHA from A. hedinii and the antifungal activity of DHA. Methods In this study, single factor experiments and response surface method were used to determine the optimal extraction conditions of crude extract and DHA, the method of spore germination was used to study the antifungal activity of DHA to Alternaria alternata. Result The optimal conditions were found as fellow: ratio of liquid to material 22 mL/g; Extraction time 60 s; soaking time 34 min. Under these conditions, extraction yield of DHA was (1.76 ± 0.04%). When the concentration of crude extract were 0.5 and 8 mg/mL, the spore germination inhibition rates of Alternaria alternata were (17.00 ± 2.05%) and (92.56 ± 2.01%), which were 3.34 and 1.15 times that of DHA standard, respectively. Conclusion Homogenate extraction technology is a fast and efficient method to extract DHA from A. hedinii. The crude extract has significant antifungal activity against A. alternata with low cost, which provides a possibility for the use of DHA in the prevention and treatment of plant pathogenic fungi. Highlights The optimum conditions of the extraction of DHA from A. hedinii by homogenate extraction were obtained. DHA has antifungal activity against A. alternata. Compared with pure DHA, the crude extract has stronger antifungal activity against A. alternata.

scholarly journals Identification and Predictions Regarding the Biosynthesis Pathway of Polyene Macrolides Produced by Streptomyces roseoflavus Men-myco-93-63

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Han ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Lianna Liu ◽  
Fengying Shen ◽  
Qingfang Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polyene Macrolides ◽  
Alternative Agent

ABSTRACT A group of polyene macrolides mainly composed of two constituents was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces roseoflavus Men-myco-93-63, which was isolated from soil where potato scabs were repressed naturally. One of these macrolides was roflamycoin, which was first reported in 1968, and the other was a novel compound named Men-myco-A, which had one methylene unit more than roflamycoin. Together, they were designated RM. This group of antibiotics exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activities in vitro against 17 plant-pathogenic fungi, with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 2.05 to 7.09 μg/ml and 90% effective concentrations (EC90) of 4.32 to 54.45 μg/ml, which indicates their potential use in plant disease control. Furthermore, their biosynthetic gene cluster was identified, and the associated biosynthetic assembly line was proposed based on a module and domain analysis of polyketide synthases (PKSs), supported by findings from gene inactivation experiments. IMPORTANCE Streptomyces roseoflavus Men-myco-93-63 is a biocontrol strain that has been studied in our laboratory for many years and exhibits a good inhibitory effect in many crop diseases. Therefore, the identification of antimicrobial metabolites is necessary and our main objective. In this work, chemical, bioinformatic, and molecular biological methods were combined to identify the structures and biosynthesis of the active metabolites. This work provides a new alternative agent for the biological control of plant diseases and is helpful for improving both the properties and yield of the antibiotics via genetic engineering.

scholarly journals Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides Wamps: Structure–Function Relationship in Antifungal Activity and Sensitization of Plant Pathogenic Fungi to Tebuconazole by WAMP-2-Derived Peptides

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Odintsova ◽  
Larisa Shcherbakova ◽  
Marina Slezina ◽  
Tatyana Pasechnik ◽  
Bakhyt Kartabaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Structure Function Relationship ◽  
Function Relationship

Hevein-like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) comprise a family of plant AMPs with antifungal activity, which harbor a chitin-binding site involved in interactions with chitin of fungal cell walls. However, the mode of action of hevein-like AMPs remains poorly understood. This work reports the structure–function relationship in WAMPs—hevein-like AMPs found in wheat (Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migush.) and later in other Poaceae species. The effect of WAMP homologues differing at position 34 and the antifungal activity of peptide fragments derived from the central, N- and C-terminal regions of one of the WAMPs, namely WAMP-2, on spore germination of different plant pathogenic fungi were studied. Additionally, the ability of WAMP-2-derived peptides to potentiate the fungicidal effect of tebuconazole, one of the triazole fungicides, towards five cereal-damaging fungi was explored in vitro by co-application of WAMP-2 fragments with Folicur® EC 250 (25% tebuconazole). The antifungal activity of WAMP homologues and WAMP-2-derived peptides varied depending on the fungus, suggesting multiple modes of action for WAMPs against diverse pathogens. Folicur® combined with the WAMP-2 fragments inhibited the spore germination at a much greater level than the fungicide alone, and the type of interactions was either synergistic or additive, depending on the target fungus and concentration combinations of the compounds. The combinations, which resulted in synergism and drastically enhanced the sensitivity to tebuconazole, were revealed for all five fungi by a checkerboard assay. The ability to synergistically interact with a fungicide and exacerbate the sensitivity of plant pathogenic fungi to a commercial antifungal agent is a novel and previously uninvestigated property of hevein-like AMPs.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Silver Ions and Nanoparticles on Phytopathogenic Fungi

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ki Jo ◽  
Byung H. Kim ◽  
Geunhwa Jung
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Planta

Silver in ionic or nanoparticle forms has a high antimicrobial activity and is therefore widely used for various sterilization purposes including materials of medical devices and water sanitization. There have been relatively few studies on the applicability of silver to control plant diseases. Various forms of silver ions and nanoparticles were tested in the current study to examine the antifungal activity on two plant-pathogenic fungi, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Magnaporthe grisea. In vitro petri dish assays indicated that silver ions and nanoparticles had a significant effect on the colony formation of these two pathogens. Effective concentrations of the silver compounds inhibiting colony formation by 50% (EC50) were higher for B. sorokiniana than for M. grisea. The inhibitory effect on colony formation significantly diminished after silver cations were neutralized with chloride ions. Growth chamber inoculation assays further confirmed that both ionic and nanoparticle silver significantly reduced these two fungal diseases on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Particularly, silver ions and nanoparticles effectively reduced disease severity with an application at 3 h before spore inoculation, but their efficacy significantly diminished when applied at 24 h after inoculation. The in vitro and in planta evaluations of silver indicated that both silver ions and nanoparticles influence colony formation of spores and disease progress of plant-pathogenic fungi. In planta efficacy of silver ions and nanoparticles is much greater with preventative application, which may promote the direct contact of silver with spores and germ tubes, and inhibit their viability.

THE PREPARATION AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SOME SALICYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES

1957 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 855-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Coates ◽  
D. J. Drain ◽  
K. A. Kerridge ◽  
F. June Macrae ◽  
K. Tattersall
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Salicylic Acid Derivatives

Postinfectional inhibitors from plants. XXIII. Sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins from fruit capsules of Datura stramonium

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. B. Ward ◽  
C. H. Unwin ◽  
G. L. Rock ◽  
A. Stoessl
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Column Chromatographic

Datura stramonium fruit capsules inoculated with Monilinia fructicola or several other non-pathogenic fungi produced diffusates inhibitory to M. fructicola in spore germination assays. Detailed analysis of diffusates that are induced by M. fructicola indicated that they were complex and that antifungal activity was widely distributed through a number of column chromatographic fractions. Four compounds were isolated. These were sesquiterpenes, three of which, lubimin, hydroxylubimin, and capsidiol, have been described from other Solanaceae. The fourth, 2,3-dihydroxygermacrene, is a new compound with moderate antifungal activity but which is of especial interest as a possible precursor of several phytoalexins in the Solanaceae.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Quinofumelin against Fusarium graminearum and Its Inhibitory Effect on DON Biosynthesis

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Qian Xiu ◽  
Lianyu Bi ◽  
Haorong Xu ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Zehua Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Excellent Control

Fusarium graminearum, causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), causes a huge economic loss. No information is available on the activity of quinofumelin, a novel quinoline fungicide, against F. graminearum or other phytopathogens. In this study, we used mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition methods to determine the inhibitory effect of quinofumelin against F. graminearum in vitro. The results indicated that quinofumelin excellently inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum, with the average EC50 values of 0.019±0.007 μg/mL and 0.087 ± 0.024 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, we found that quinofumelin could significantly decrease deoxynivalenol (DON) production and inhibit the expression of DON-related gene TRI5 in F. graminearum. Furthermore, we found that quinofumelin could disrupt the formation of Fusarium toxinsome, a structure for producing DON. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the translation level of TRI1, a marker gene for Fusarium toxinsome, was suppressed by quinofumelin. The protective and curative assays indicated that quinofumelin had an excellent control efficiency against F. graminearum on wheat coleoptiles. Taken together, quinofumelin exhibits not only an excellent antifungal activity on mycelial growth and spore germination, but also could inhibit DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum. The findings provide a novel candidate for controlling FHB caused by F. graminearum.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compound from Trichoderma asperelloides TSU1: Impact on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
On-Uma Ruangwong ◽  
Prisana Wonglom ◽  
Nakarin Suwannarach ◽  
Jaturong Kumla ◽  
Narit Thaochan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic

Soil microorganisms are well studied for their beneficial effects on plant growth and their impact on biocontrol agents. The production of volatile antifungal compounds emitted from soil fungi is considered to be an effective ability that can be applied in biofumigants in the control of plant diseases. A soil fungus, Trichoderma asperelloides TSU1, was isolated from flamingo flower cultivated soil and identified on the basis of the morphology and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), rpb2, and tef1-α genes. To test T. asperelloides TSU1-produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with antifungal activity, the sealed plate method was used. The VOCs of T. asperelloides TSU1 inhibited the mycelial growth of fungal pathogens that were recently reported as emerging diseases in Thailand, namely, Corynespora cassiicola, Fusarium incarnatum, Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, N. cubana, and Sclerotium rolfsii, with a percentage inhibition range of 38.88–68.33%. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was applied to trap VOCs from T. asperelloides TSU1 and tentatively identify them through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 17 compounds were detected in the VOCs of T. asperelloides TSU1, and the dominant compounds were identified as fluoro(trinitro)methane (18.192% peak area) and 2-phenylethanol (9.803% peak area). Interestingly, the commercial 2-phenyethanol showed antifungal activity against fungal pathogens that were similar to the VOCs of T. asperelloides TSU1 by bioassay. On the basis of our study’s results, T. asperelloides TSU1 isolated from soil displayed antifungal abilities via the production of VOCs responsible for restricting pathogen growth.

Antifungal Activity of Mexican Oregano (Lippia berlandieri Shauer)

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2713-2717 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTHA CRISTINA PORTILLO-RUIZ ◽  
SABINA VIRAMONTES-RAMOS ◽  
LAILA NAYZZEL MUÑOZ-CASTELLANOS ◽  
MARÍA GUADALUPE GASTÉLUM-FRANCO ◽  
GUADALUPE VIRGINIA NEVÁREZ-MOORILLÓN
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Growth Measurement

Antifungal and sensorial properties of spices have been recognized for years. The antifungal compounds are products of the plant's secondary metabolism, and the action of those compounds could be used to inhibit the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in food. Mexican oregano (Lippia berlandieri) grows wildly in the desert zone of Mexico and is usually added to regional foods. The goal of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Mexican oregano versus food-contaminant fungi. Fungi were isolated from spoiled fruit and vegetables and identified according to morphological characteristics. The antifungal activity of oregano was evaluated by radial growth measurement on potato dextrose agar added with dried oregano (0.25 to 4.0%). The essential oil antifungal activity of oregano was also evaluated by the diffusion well test. Twenty-one fungal strains were isolated, which included Penicillium, Geotrichum, Aspergillus, and Bipolaris. In seven of the 21 strains, no inhibitory effect was observed at either concentration of oregano. An increase in growth at the lower or higher concentrations of oregano, when compared to the control, was observed in two fungal strains; in 12 strains, a strong inhibitory effect of oregano was evident. The oregano essential oil was inhibitory to all fungal strains, but there were differences in the extent of the effect. Although the antifungal effect of oregano is strongly established, there was a differential effect with the fungal strains studied. Besides pathogenic fungi and bacteria, microbial spoilage flora should be considered when the addition of spices for food preservation is proposed.

scholarly journals Use of cumin and lavender essential oils to control phoma exigua var. foveata on potato during storage

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Sabah Rabie Mohammed ◽  
Aleksey Vasilievich Melnikov
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Phoma Exigua

The antifungal activity of essential oils against Phoma exigua var foveata, was investigated by analyzing its inhibitory effect on the gangrene of potato tubers. The results showed that mycelium growth and spore germination of Phoma was suppressed by treatment with essential oils, and the inhibitory effect strongly correlated with the concentration of essential oils used in this study. The effectiveness of post-harvest treatment with essential oils was studied for induced resistance to Phoma rot in tubers of two potato varieties (Kolobok and Sante). The results showed the fungicidal effect of cumin and lavender essential oils against phomosis at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4, significant inhibition of mycelium growth (18.1-100%), and viability of conidia (12.8-100%) compared to the control. Moreover, both oils at a concentration of 0.4% caused 100% inhibition of mycelium growth and spore germination. Treatment with oils at a concentration of 0.01-0.04 l/t significantly reduced the degree of damage to tubers infected with phomosis. However, cumin essential oil at a concentration of 0.04 l/t had the greatest effect 97.1% compared to lavender oil 95.4%.

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