Biogeography and fungal systematics

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Lichtwardt
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Species ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Systematics ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Evolutionary Stasis ◽  
Key Words Biogeography

Almost all mycogeographic studies to date have dealt with fungi that are directly or indirectly associated with plants; very few have been concerned with fungal associates of insects or other animals. Some widespread species of Trichomycetes (Zygomycota), all of which live in arthropod guts, are useful subjects for biogeographic studies, and such an approach can be used in some instances to distinguish between long-distance dispersal and vicariance events. Evidence for the presumed antiquity of certain trichomycete species is provided using specific examples of Eccrinales and Asellariales in marine Isopoda, and Harpellales in lotic larvae of Chironomidae and Plecoptera. These examples indicate that speciation of the fungi is more conservative than that of their hosts. Thirty-two isolates of Smittium culisetae cultured from different continents and from several families of dipteran hosts had almost no variation in their isozyme patterns, which suggests a degree of evolutionary stasis in that species. Historical mycogeography, though it requires some basic knowledge of the taxonomy of fungal groups, adds a spacial component to phylogenetic systematics as well as a more realistic time scale than phylogeny alone can provide. Mycogeography can also be used to reassess and develop new phylogenies for some fungal species. Key words: biogeography, fungi, Harpellales, insects, isopods, Trichomycetes.

scholarly journals Limited long-distance dispersal success in a Western European fairy shrimp evidenced by nuclear and mitochondrial lineage structuring

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Paula C Rodríguez-Flores ◽  
Ernesto Recuero ◽  
Yolanda Jiménez-Ruiz ◽  
Mario García-París
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Anostraca are known by their ability for long-distance dispersal, but the existence in several species of deep, geographically structured mtDNA lineages suggests their populations are subjected to allopatric differentiation, isolation, and prevalence of local scale dispersion. Tanymastix stagnalis is one of the most widespread species of Anostraca and previous studies revealed an unclear geographical pattern of mtDNA genetic diversity. Here, we analyze populations from the Iberian and Italian Peninsulas, Central Europe, and Scandinavia, with the aim to characterize the patterns of genetic diversity in a spatio-temporal framework using mtDNA and nuclear markers to test gene flow among close populations. For these aims we built a time-calibrated phylogeny and carried out Bayesian phylogeographic analyses using a continuous diffusion model. Our results indicated that T. stagnalis presents a deeply structured genetic diversity, including 7 ancient lineages, some of them even predating the Pleistocene. The Iberian Peninsula harbors high diversity of lineages, with strong isolation and recent absence of gene flow between populations. Dispersal at local scale seems to be the prevailing dispersal mode of T. stagnalis, which exhibits a pattern of isolation-by-distance in the Iberian Peninsula. We remark the vulnerability of most of these lineages, given the limited known geographic distribution of some of them, and the high risk of losing important evolutionary potential for the species.

scholarly journals An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Crude Approximation ◽  
Almost All

Some 200 species of plants are currently recognised as being native to both Tasmania and New Zealand. It is argued that dispersal across the 1500–2000-km Tasman Sea has occurred in all of these species. Almost all (187) are herbs and constitute over 20% of the herbaceous flora of Tasmania. Common species, non-dioecious species, species with very small seeds, species from aquatic, coastal or wet habitats and possibly species with hooked fruit are all over-represented among the disjunct species of herbs. The incidence of disjunct species also varies significantly among families. In contrast, fleshy fruited species, or species with plumes or very hairy disseminules, are not over-represented among the herbaceous disjunct species. These data are used to model the probability that a species (past or present) with given traits would show a within-species trans-Tasman disjunction, and it is inferred that this can be used to give a crude approximation of the rates of long-distance dispersal for different types of species. The model can be tested by using molecular clock methods and could be made more robust by incorporating equivalent data from other disjunct regions.

scholarly journals Origins of Afrotropical freshwater fishes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Lavoué
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Continental Drift ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Arabian Plate ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Sister Relationships ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Total Diversity

Abstract The Afrotropics house a diverse freshwater ichthyofauna with > 3000 species, almost all of which are endemic. Recent progress in dated phylogenetics and palaeontology of several groups of Afrotropical freshwater fishes (AFFs) has allowed the testing of palaeoecology- and palaeogeography-based hypotheses explaining their early presence in Africa. Seven hypotheses were tested for 37 most-inclusive monophyletic groups of AFFs. Results indicated that ten lineages originated from direct, but asynchronous, marine-to-freshwater shifts. These lineages contribute < 2% to the current AFF species richness. Eleven lineages colonized the Afrotropics from the Orient after the Afro-Arabian plate collided with Eurasia in the early Oligocene. These lineages contribute ~20% to the total diversity. There are seven sister relationships between Afrotropical and Neotropical taxa. For only three of them (4% of the species diversity), the continental drift vicariance hypothesis was not rejected. Distributions of the other four younger trans-Atlantic lineages are better explained by post-drifting long-distance dispersal. In those cases, I discuss the possibility of dispersal through the Northern Hemisphere as an alternative to direct trans-Atlantic dispersal. The origins of ten AFF lineages, including the most species-rich Pseudocrenilabrinae (> 1100 species), are not yet established with confidence.

Comment on ‘Seagrass Viviparous Propagules as a Potential Long-Distance Dispersal Mechanism’ by A. C. G. Thomson et al.

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Sinclair ◽  
Renae Hovey ◽  
John Statton ◽  
Matthew W. Fraser ◽  
Marion L. Cambridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dispersal Mechanism
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