The floral development and floral anatomy of Coris monspeliensis

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1687-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Ronse Decraene ◽  
E. F. Smets ◽  
D. Clinckemaillie
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Common Part ◽  
Floral Vasculature ◽  
Carpel Wall ◽  
Bearing Part

The floral development of Coris was investigated to clarify its controversial relationship with either Primulaceae (Primulales) or Lythraceae (Myrtales). We demonstrate that Coris is strongly related to the Primulaceae but differs in a few important features, such as the presence of an epicalyx and partial zygomorphy. The saccate calyx and epicalyx with unilateral development encloses an actinomorphic flower. The stamen–petal tube has two sections that arise through three growth processes: a lower common part for stamens and petals and an upper section representing a fused corolla. The central ovule-bearing part of the ovary arises separated from the carpel wall. The formation of ridges with teethlike appendages between the ovules suggests a derivation of the free-central placentation from an axile arrangement. Several characters support the monotypic family Coridaceae near the Primulaceae. Key words: Coridaceae, Primulaceae, Lythraceae, floral development, floral vasculature, epicalyx, free-central placentation, common primordium, zygomorphy.

Floral structure in Thismia (Thismiaceae: Dioscoreales): new insights from anatomy, vasculature and development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim S Nuraliev ◽  
Sophia V Yudina ◽  
Ekaterina A Shepeleva ◽  
Ba Vuong Truong ◽  
Thi Xuyen Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Part ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Floral Vasculature ◽  
General Appearance ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract Thismia is characterized by an exceptionally complicated floral morphology that is currently not understood properly. In the taxonomic literature, descriptive rather than morphological terms are often applied to parts of the flower in Thismia, relating to the general appearance of the floral organs instead of their precise homologies. Precise understanding of the floral structure is complicated by the rarity of Thismia spp. and the paucity of appropriate material. Here we provide a comprehensive study of reproductive organs of three Thismia spp. (T. annamensis, T. javanica and T. mucronata) including the first investigation of inflorescence architecture and early floral development in Thismiaceae. We found a hitherto unknown diversity of the reproductive shoots in the genus, manifested in the number of floral prophylls (two or three, in contrast to a single prophyll in the vast majority of monocots) and in the branching plane resulting in two distinct inflorescence types, a drepanium and a bostryx. We report the non-acropetal sequence of initiation of floral whorls (with stamens being the last elements to initiate), never previously described in monocots, and the gynoecium composed of completely plicate carpels, also a rare feature for monocots. Floral vasculature is relatively uniform in Thismia, but significant interspecific differences are found in tepal innervation, including the number of tepal traces; some of these differences are not immediately related to the external tepal morphology. We argue that the annulus, which acts as a roof of the hypanthium, possesses an androecium nature and represents congenitally fused bases of stamen filaments. We describe the stamens as laminar structures, which are also shortly tubular in the distal part of the supraconnective with the adaxial tubular side forming a skirt-like appendage. Finally, the placentas, which are column-like when mature, are initially parietal, becoming secondarily similar to free-central placentas through schizogenous separation from the ovary wall.

Floral development and anatomy of Macarthuria australis (Macarthuriaceae): key to understanding the unusual initiation sequence of Caryophyllales

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis P. Ronse De Craene ◽  
Lai Wei
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Floral Evolution ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Petal Development ◽  
Initiation Sequence ◽  
Rapid Emergence

We investigated the floral anatomy and development of Macarthuria australis Hügel ex Endl., an unusual genus endemic to Australia, in the context of floral evolution of core Caryophyllales. Flower initiation is spiral, with sepals developing quincuncially. The first two petals continue the sequence of sepal initiation, but the remaining petals arise from common stamen–petal primordia. The androecium develops sequentially as three inner antesepalous and five outer antepetalous stamens. The globular ovary is trimerous with a short symplicate zone and two arillate ovules per locule. The rapid emergence of the androecium leads to a partial absorption of the petal primordia within the androecial tissue. The two first-formed petals have more room for development and precede the androecium, supporting the fact that petals are not staminodial in origin. This heterochronic shift correlates with an inversed developmental sequence of the antesepalous stamens. The constraint caused by the spatial occupation of sepals and carpels leads to the loss of two stamens, and the re-arrangement of stamens and petals along the flanks of the carpels. The floral development of Macarthuria anticipates a syndrome of stamen and petal development in other core Caryophyllales and culminating in the Caryophyllaceae.

Floral development of two species of Stylidium (Stylidiaceae) and some remarks on the systematic position of the family Stylidiaceae

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Erbar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Inferior Ovary ◽  
Stamen Primordia ◽  
Floral Apex ◽  
The Family ◽  
Transversal Plane

The early floral development of Stylidium adnatum and Stylidium graminifolium is characterized by an initial circular primordium whose areas in the transversal plane of the floral primordium show enhanced growth. The spiral inception of the five sepals starts before the differentiation of the initial circular primordium into two stamen primordia in transversal position (in relation to the floral diagram) and the corolla ring primordium below the stamen primordia. Then five petal primordia, which alternate with the sepals, arise on the corolla ring primordium (early sympetaly). Peculiar to the flowers of Stylidiaceae is the column that bears at its top both stigma and anthers. Probably this column should be interpreted as a receptacular tube. No distinct carpel primordia have been observed. The inferior ovary results from intercalary growth in the peripheral parts of the receptacle below the calyx, corolla, and stamen primordia. The residual floral apex gives rise to a transversal septum, by which the ovary becomes bilocular. None of the morphological, palynological, and embryological characters discussed contradicts a position of the Stylidiaceae near the Campanulales, and several of these characters support this position. Key words: Stylidiaceae, Campanulales, floral development, systematic position, floral biology.

Floral development of Rosa setigera

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Kemp ◽  
Usher Posluszny ◽  
Jean M. Gerrath ◽  
Peter G. Kevan
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Cryptic Dioecy ◽  
Congenital Fusion ◽  
Postgenital Fusion

The development of the flower of Rosa setigera from initiation to the onset of anthesis is described. Rosa setigera is the only known member of the genus Rosa to exhibit dioecy. Flowers of functionally staminate (male) and functionally carpellate (female) plants appear identical, a condition referred to as cryptic dioecy. Discrete sepals and petals are formed on the floral meristem. As the hypanthium forms, stamens are initiated in alternating whorls on the wall of the hypanthium and continue to develop as the hypanthium extends. Carpel primordia arise individually on the remainder of the floral meristem and show neither adnation to the hypanthial wall nor coalescence to one another as they give rise to the styles and stigmas that are exserted above the hypanthium lip. The only observable fusion in this species appears to be the postgenital fusion of the margins of the carpel primordia to form the enclosed locule. Although historically the hypanthium has been variously interpreted as either axial and (or) appendicular in nature, resulting from congenital fusion of sepals, petals, and stamens, this paper uses a more realistic, testable and functional approach to the development of the hypanthium that is in keeping with current concepts such as process morphology. Key words: Rosa setigera, dioecy, floral development, fusion, hypanthium.

The floral development and anatomy of Carica papaya (Caricaceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
LP Ronse Decraene ◽  
E F Smets
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Unisexual Flowers ◽  
Stigmatic Exudate ◽  
Large Ovary ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Shed Light

Floral development and anatomy of Carica papaya L. have been investigated to shed light on (i) the morphology of the flower, (ii) the structural basis for the pollination mechanism, and (iii) the relationships of the Caricaceae. Carica is mostly dioecious with a strong dimorphism between staminate and pistillate flowers. The development of staminate flowers resembles that of pistillate flowers up to the initiation of the stamens. Further development leads to highly diverging morphologies. In staminate flowers a combination of contorted growth and the development of a common stamen-petal tube produces a long floral tube. The gynoecium grows into a central spearlike pistillode. The pistillate flowers have no traces of stamens and initiate five antesepalous carpel primordia. Common basal growth leads to the development of a large ovary with staglike stigmatic lobes and intruding placentae covered with numerous ascending ovules. Floral anatomy of staminate and pistillate flowers is described. The nature of the colleters is discussed. The morphological basis for reward production in C. papaya is clarified, and conflicting views on pollination are discussed. Nectaries of staminate flowers are located on the central rudimentary pistil and not at the base of the stamens, as previously reported. The anthers contain packages of calcium oxalate crystals. Pistillate flowers produce no nectar but have a stigmatic exudate. We compared the floral development and anatomy of Carica with that of Adenia (Passifloraceae) and Moringa (Moringaceae) in the view of a relationship with other glucosinolate-producing families. Although a derivation of the unisexual flowers from bisexual ancestors is probable, Storey's hypothetical derivation of pistillate flowers is not supported by the floral ontogeny and vasculature.Key words: Adenia, Caricaceae, Moringa anatomy, calcium oxalate packages, dioecy, floral structure, nectaries, ontogeny, pollination, systematic relationships.

The floral development and floral anatomy ofChrysosplenium alternifolium, an unusal member of the Saxifragaceae

1998 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Ronse Decraene ◽  
P. Roels ◽  
E. F. Smets ◽  
A. Backlund
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Anatomy

An updated interpretation of the androecium of the Fumariaceae

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1765-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Ronse Decraene ◽  
E. F. Smets
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Stamen Primordia ◽  
Outer Whorl ◽  
Spatial Median ◽  
Median Position

A study of the floral development of Dicentra formosa, Corydalis lutea, and Hypecoum procumbens was carried out to better understand the nature of the androecium in Fumariaceae. Sepals emerge successively in a median position and are followed by two alternating pairs of petals. Four stamen primordia are formed in a diagonal position. They are promptly followed by two lateral, slightly externally inserted primordia. In Dicentra and Corydalis the stamens arise on two crescent-shaped protuberances. In Hypecoum, four diagonal androecial primordia fuse into two median staminal complexes. The gynoecium emerges as a girdling primordium with four growth centers. Different interpretations of the androecium are discussed. It is demonstrated that the androecium in the Fumariaceae consists basically of two whorls: an outer whorl of four alternipetalous stamens and an inner whorl of two lateral stamens superposed to the outer petals. The monothecal nature of the alternipetalous stamens and the fusion of the stamens in two triplets is probably caused by a spatial median compression of the flower bud. The androecium of Hypecoum is the result of interprimordial growth between the pairs of monothecal stamens, and the androecium of Pteridophyllum arises through the loss of the two lateral stamens superposed to the outer petals. Key words: Fumariaceae, floral development, androecium, stamen whorls.

Biology of Australian seagrasses: Floral development and morphology in Amphibolis (Cymodoceaceae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA McConchie ◽  
SC Ducker ◽  
RB Knox
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Ovary Wall ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mature Flower ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Floral Vasculature ◽  
Female Flowers

Floral development of male and female flowers in Amphibolis antarctica and A. griffithii was followed from the initiation of the floral meristem to the mature flower. In A. antarctica the flowers form on lateral branches, while in A. griffithii they may also develop terminally on an upright branch from the rhizome. A. griffithii and. to a lesser extent, A. antarctica, show sympodial branching from the floral axis. The female flower develops from a pair of primordia; in A. griffithii these primordia each develop three stigmas, which in A. antarctica subsequently may form secondary branches. The. ovary wall bears the initials of the future grappling apparatus, comprising four comb initials in A. grijjjthii and a further inner set of horns in A. antarctica. The female flowers of Amphibolis are unique amongst the members of the Cymodoceaceae in being subtended by a bract or perianth, similar to the male flowers. Differences between the floral vasculature and intravaginal squamulae are presented for both species.

scholarly journals Relationships of Plumiereae (Apocynaceae). III. Based on floral vasculature

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Datta ◽  
R. K. Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Floral Vasculature

The study of the floral anatomy of some common Indian species of the tribe <i>Plumiereae (Apocynaceae)</i> supports the conclusions derived from the study of chromosomes and secondary xylem, which are: (1) <i>Holarrhena</i> are distinct from Ervatamia and should be placed in <i>Alostoniinae</i> (Schumann, 1895) and not under <i>Tabernaemontaninae</i> (Bentham and Hooker, 1876). (2) Different subtribes possess distinctive features; and, therefore, the classification into subtribes is justified. (3) <i>Tabernaemontaninae</i> are the most primitive subtirbe from which the others can be derived. (4) <i>Alstoniinae</i> are heterogeneous and are composed of different evolutionary lines. (5) The genus <i>Plumeria</i> stands isolated in tribe <i>Plumiereae</i> and needs separation as a new taxon.

Flower development in Amelanchier alnifolia (Maloideae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor A. Steeves ◽  
Margaret W. Steeves ◽  
A. Randall Olson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Inferior Ovary ◽  
Postgenital Fusion

The development of the flower of Amelanchier alnifolia from initiation to the onset of anthesis is described. Sepals are formed sequentially, but interprimordial zonal growth results in the initiation of the hypanthium. Petals and stamens arise in whorls around the floral meristem as the hypanthium extends. They show neither coalescence nor adnation and do not appear to contribute to the development of the hypanthium. Gynoecial primordia arise individually, give rise to the styles and stigmas, and are joined basally by zonal growth to produce the roof of the ovary. The wall of the inferior ovary is interpreted as a gynoecial hypanthium. It is difficult to determine the extent to which the gynoecial primordia contribute to the development of the ovary. They do not give rise to most of its structure but may be responsible for the initiation of the ovules. There is evidence of postgenital fusion of the septal margins as they converge in the centre of the ovary. The timing of events in floral development is recorded for the locality of the study. The observations are discussed in relation to current theories concerning the nature of the inferior ovary. Key words: Amelanchier, flower, development, inferior ovary, hypanthium.

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