Immunolocalization of a proteinase of the sap-staining fungus Ophiostoma piceae using antibodies to proteinase K

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1604-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hoffert ◽  
S. Gharibian ◽  
C. Breuil ◽  
D. L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Immunogold Labelling ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Extracellular Proteinase ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Transmission Electron

Polyclonal antibodies were raised against proteinase K and were used to immunolocalize the major extracellular proteinase of the sap-staining fungus Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) H. and P. Sydow. Immunodot blotting showed that the IgG antibodies recognized both enzymes but reacted more strongly with proteinase K than with the O. piceae proteinase. Immunogold labelling and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the O. piceae proteinase was localized in the cell walls of O. piceae grown either in liquid media or wood. Key words: Ophiostoma piceae, proteinase, immunogold labelling, transmission electron microscopy, antibody, proteinase K.

Colonization of Sphagnum cells by Lyophyllum palustre

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Untiedt ◽  
K. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Lyophyllum palustre (Peck) Singer, a basidiomycete (Tricholomataceae) parasitizing Sphagnum, was examined for points of contact between hyphae and Sphagnum cells with the help of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Results indicate that the fungus attacks Sphagnum cells by penetrating cell walls and altering host cell protosplasm. In addition, the formation of additional partitioning cell walls in attacked living Sphagnum cells was observed.

Ultrastructure of hyperparasitism of Coniothyrium minitans on sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2483-2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang ◽  
E. G. Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Coniothyrium Minitans ◽  
Medullary Tissue ◽  
Transmission Electron

Transmission electron microscopy revealed that hyphae of the hyperparasite Coniothyrium minitans invade sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, resulting in the destruction and disintegration of the sclerotium tissues. The dark-pigmented rind tissue is more resistant to invasion by the hyperparasite than the unpigmented cortical and medullary tissues. Evidence from cell wall etching at the penetration site suggests that chemical activity is required for hyphae of C. minitans to penetrate the thick, melanized rind walls. The medullary tissue infected by C. minitans shows signs of plasmolysis, aggregation, and vacuolization of cytoplasm and dissolution of the cell walls. While most of the hyphal cells of C. minitans in the infected sclerotium tissue are normal, some younger hyphal cells in the rind tissue were lysed and devoid of normal contents.

scholarly journals Resistance of the S1 layer in kempas heartwood fibers to soft rot decay

IAWA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Adya P. Singh ◽  
Andrew H.H. Wong ◽  
Yoon Soo Kim ◽  
Seung Gon Wi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Fibre Cell ◽  
Utility Pole ◽  
Transmission Electron

Naturally durable heartwoods, where available, continue to be used as support structures in environments considered hazardous, particularly in ground contact. However, durability of heartwoods against wood decay microorganisms varies. Therefore, it is important to evaluate heartwood products for their in-service performance in order to maximise benefits derived from this valuable natural resource of limited supply. In the work presented, wood pieces from a kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) utility pole that had been placed in service in an acidic soil in Malaysia, and in time had softened at the ground-line position, were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the cause of deterioration.Light microscopy (LM) provided evidence of extensive attack on fibre cell walls by cavity-producing soft rot fungi. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed in greater detail the distribution and micromorphologies of cavities as well as their relationships to the fine structure of fibre cell walls, which consisted of a highly electron dense middle lamella, a moderately dense S1 layer and a multilamellar S2 layer with variable densities, reflecting differences in lignin concentration. The resistance of the moderately dense S1 layer to soft rot was a feature of particular interest and is the main focus of the work presented. The resistance appeared to be correlated with high lignification of the outermost region of the S2 wall, interfacing with the S1 layer, an unusual cell wall feature not previously described for normal wood.

Parental Stress and Prechilling Effects on Pennsylvania Smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum) Achenes

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Jordan ◽  
David W. Staniforth ◽  
Catalina M. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum L.) achenes were harvested from plants growing either free from competition or in competition with corn (Zea mays L. ‘Pioneer 3780′) plants. Seeds were dormant when harvested. After 15 weeks of prechilling, 4 and 35% of the seeds germinated from plants with and without corn competition, respectively; after 30 weeks of prechilling, more than 92% of all seeds germinated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the carpel walls of achenes from plants with corn competition were porous with many channels. Carpel walls of achenes from plants without corn competition were without pores and channels. Transmission electron microscopy showed more lipid bodies in the embryo epidermal cells of seeds from plants with corn competition. Cell walls of embryos from non-prechilled seeds from plants with corn competition contained lipoidosomes that traversed cell walls. Lipoidosomes did not occur in cells of prechilled seeds.

scholarly journals Investigation of the internal structure of flax fibre cell walls by transmission electron microscopy

Cellulose ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3521-3530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Thuault ◽  
Bernadette Domengès ◽  
Isabel Hervas ◽  
Moussa Gomina
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Flax Fibre ◽  
Fibre Cell ◽  
Transmission Electron

Ultrastructural studies on infection of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by Talaromyces flavus

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2199-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. McLaren ◽  
H. C. Huang ◽  
S. R. Rimmer ◽  
E. G. Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Talaromyces Flavus

Talaromyces flavus is a destructive hyperparasite capable of infecting sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Examinations of sclerotia by transmission electron microscopy at 3, 7, and 12 days after inoculation revealed that hyphae of T. flavus penetrated the rind cell walls directly. Etching of the cell walls at the penetration site was evident. This suggests that wall-lysing enzymes may be involved in the process of infection. Hyphae of T. flavus grew both intercellularly and intracellularly throughout the rind, cortical, and medullary tissues. Ramification of the hyperparasite in the sclerotium resulted in destruction and collapse of sclerotial tissues.

The fine structure of conidial development in the genus Torula. I. T. herbarum (Pers.) Link ex S. F. Gray and T. herbarum f. quaternella Sacc.

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1661-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Ellis ◽  
D. A. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Conidiogenous Cell ◽  
Outer Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Conidial Development ◽  
Dense Zone ◽  
Hyaline Zone ◽  
Lateral Walls

Conidiogenesis in Torula herbarum and T. herbarum f. quaternella was observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Conidia of the former were shown to be made up of three equally sized cells capped by a distinctive, and easily recognizable, conidiogenous cell. Conidiogenous cells also arose terminally on erect hyphae and on prostrate hyphae. The single-layered conidial cell walls were differentiated into an inner hyaline zone and an outer electron-dense zone formed by the deposition of melanin. Conidiogenous cells lacked melanin at the apex and, before conidiation, the lateral walls were strengthened by a further deposition of melanin. The apex bulged outwards and was modified into a new multicelled conidium bearing another apical conidiogenous cell. Continued development of new conidia resulted in an acropetal chain which became disarticulated after cytolysis within the conidiogenous cell. The relative distinctions between holoblastic and enteroblastic development are discussed and it is concluded that the conidia should be referred to as blastoconidia.

Microsporogenesis in Amelanchier alnifolia: sporogenous cells, microsporocytes, and tetrads

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Sumner ◽  
William R. Remphrey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Peripheral Cell ◽  
Amelanchier Alnifolia ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Thin Walled

As part of an overall program aimed at increasing our knowledge of the male reproductive system of Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., this study documents structural and developmental changes that occur in the sporogenous cells, microsporocytes, and tetrads of microspores during microsporogenesis using general cytochemical techniques in conjunction with bright field, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The sporogenous cells are thin walled and stain positively for β-1,4-glucans, pectic acids, and cellulose, but not callose. At the microsporocyte and tetrad stages of microsporogenesis, thick walls develop and stain positively for β-1,4-glucans (hemicelluloses but not cellulose), pectic acids, and callose. Thus, the eventual release of maturing microspores from the tetrads requires the digestion of all three of these carbohydrate wall materials. Postmeiotic cytokinesis is of the simultaneous type and is initiated when Golgi vesicles aggregate simultaneously into a network of cylindrical tubules in both central and peripheral cell locations of the coenocytic tetrad. Eventually, this network fuses to form the new cell walls within the microspore tetrad.

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