Wetland management and conservation of rare species

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Lovett Doust ◽  
Jon Lovett Doust
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Wetland Management ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Habitat Conservation ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Species Rarity

The value of wetland is now widely recognized; some legislation requires "no net loss" of wetlands, although economic incentives still exist for wetland conversion. Rare plants may be protected by law; however, wetlands are rarely managed specifically to conserve rare species. Furthermore, it is not always clear how the environment should be manipulated to increase the abundance of such species, since necessary autecological details are rarely available. Species conservation involves demographic and genetic elements, as well as ethical decisions about the merits of transplanting or importing genes through controlled pollinations. Rare species may serve as indicators of habitat quality, although this will depend on the reasons behind the species' rarity. There is a need for multiple-use management plans that incorporate species- and habitat-conservation goals and that implement overall strategies to maintain or enhance the total quantity and quality of wetlands. Key words: rare plants, management, wetland conservation, habitat conservation.

The relationship of reproductive biology to the rarity of endemic Aster curtus (Asteraceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Giblin ◽  
Clement W Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Glacial Outwash ◽  
Compatible Cross ◽  
Species Rarity ◽  
Filled Seeds

The fecundity of rare plants is a commonly used indicator of performance at the population or species level. However, accurately interpreting reproductive output requires an understanding of a particular species's breeding system. The purpose of this study was to determine if reproductive biology contributes to the restricted distribution of Aster curtus Cronq. We hypothesized that (i) A. curtus, like many Asteraceae species, is self-incompatible, and (ii) that pollinations between patches produce significantly more filled seeds than pollinations within patches. Fluorescent microscopy of pistils harvested after greenhouse pollination showed A. curtus to be partially self-compatible. Cross-pollination resulted in significantly more pollen grains per stigma and significantly greater pollen germination than self-pollination. Similarly, field pollination trials showed that between-patch crosses produced significantly more filled seeds than within-patch crosses. Nevertheless, within-patch pollinations produced substantial levels of filled seed. Results from the greenhouse and field trials suggest that the reproductive biology of A. curtus contributes little to its rarity. Understanding why A. curtus is rare has important implications to the conservation of the glacial outwash prairie. Moreover, the data from this research can be used in further developing predictive models for plant species rarity based on reproductive biology.Key words: Aster, endemic, Pacific Northwest, rarity, reproductive biology, self-incompatibility.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТЕПОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПРИРОДНОГО ПАРКУ «КРЕМЕНЕЦЬКІ ГОРИ», ЇХ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ТА ВІДТВОРЕННЯ

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
М. Shtogrin ◽  
L. Onuk ◽  
A. Shtogun ◽  
I. Bobrik
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Steppe Species ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Steppe Ecosystems ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Management Project

Steppe areas of the National Natural Park "Kremenets Mountains" occupy the minimum area in open hills and rocky niches, so the priority tasks are the protection of unique steppe ecosystems.Reproduction of steppe areas is one of the tasks aimed at preserving the diversity of steppe and petrophytic flora, the structure of cenoses in the steppe regions, as well as the habitats of rare steppe plants.The work is based on field research materials conducted during 2012-2018 on the territory of the National Natural Park "Kremenets Mountains". In the course of research, literary data and geo-botanical studies of the Strahov, Vovcha, Sokolina, Maiden cliffs and Zamkov mountains have been processed, flora and phytocenotic features of steppe and meadow-steppe phyto groups, the state and structure of rare species populations have been described.Characterized by the laws of distribution of steppe and meadow-steppe species of plants on the territory of the National Nature Park "Kremenets Mountains". The influence of natural conditions is described, factors which contribute to the decrease in the number of populations of these species are determined. The measures on preservation and reproduction of steppe ecosystems, preservation of the diversity of steppe and petrophytic flora, and the structure of the cenosis of the steppe regions are presented. The age structure of Adonis vernalis L., which grows on the Malyatyn and Vovchyna rivers, is studied.In order to preserve the populations of the listed rare steppe plant species, active measures have been taken within the framework of the National Natural Park "Kremenets Mountains", which consists in reducing the anthropogenic impact and restoring the settlement of rare species. According to the Territory Management Project, the state of afforestation of steppe areas is monitored, shrubs, undergrowth of trees and invasive herbaceous plants (in particular, Solidago canadensis L.) are cleared with which the steppe areas spontaneously grow; some measures are taken to increase the number of rare plants (repatriation).This will promote the expansion of steppe areas, the increase of the proportion of steppe and meadow species in the grassland and increase the area under the populations of individual rare species.

scholarly journals Rare component of Halych National Nature Park forest ecosystems flora (Ivano-Frankivsk region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-302
Author(s):  
Dmytrash-Vatseba I.I. ◽  
Shumska N.V. ◽  
Gniezdilova V.I.
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
General Number ◽  
Nature Park

The paper contains a synopsis of rare component of flora of Halych National Nature Park forest ecosystems, as well as evaluation of distribution trends of rare vascular plant species and the state of their populations. Being established in 2004, the Park is located in Halych district of Ivano-Frankivsk region on the area of 14684.8 ha. Forests occupy the biggest part of its territory (81.1 %), among which predominate poor and mixed oak (Querceta roboris), beech (Fageta sylvaticae) and hornbeam (Carpineta betuli) woods. Inventory check of plant cover of the forest ecosystems has been done between 2008-2019 years. According to the results of our study, within the forests and forest margins grow 303 vascular plant species, out of which 63 are rare (20.8 %). The list of rare species is composed of species included to the Red Data Book of Ukraine, of species protected by international conventions and directives and complemented by species that are threatened within the study region. Species were considered as threatened if the number of localities and / or population size were small. Regionally rare species were selected based on the analyzes of results of our field survey and materials of herbarium collections. We have found that the third part of rare species (33.3 %) has high coenotic amplitude and a bit less species (26.2 %) favor forest margins. Rare species having low coenotic amplitude are confined to beech woods (19.1 %). Rare species are considerably distinguished by occurrence. Species with scarce occurrence predominate. For instance, 61 % of the species were found in 1-5 localities, of which 25 species occur only in one or two sites. Share of species growing in 6-10 localities within the Park is equal to 26.6 %. Only a small percentage (6.2 %) of rare species comprises species with relatively frequent occurrence (11–20 localities as well as more than 20 cites). Rare species of the Park forests with the highest occurrence rate are Lilium martagon and some members of Orchidaceae family. Predominantly, rare species have populations of small size, for instance, 81.2 % of the species were found in quantities of a few plants – several hundreds of individuals. The most threatened are species general number of which at the Park area is several plants (15.6 %). These species are as follows: Circaea alpina, Atropa bella-donna, Campanula latifolia, Phyteuma spicatum, Epipactis atrorubens etc. The biggest groups comprise species with general number of few tens and several hundreds of individuals (totally 65.6 %). Species with big populations represent far smaller part of forest rare species. Nine rare species grow in the number of several thousands of plants within the Park and three species (Allium ursinum, Galanthus nivalis and Leucojum vernum) – over a million. It has been established that 52.4 % of rare species populations taken together remain in critically bad state, 28.6 % of the populations – in bad state, 14.3 % – in satisfactory state. Only 4.8 % of populations are in good state. Our results show that about 95 % of species are in need of protection and continuous monitoring of population number. Furthermore, 51 species of rare plants,having low number and bad state of populations, require to work out and implement management plans for their restoration. Key words: rare species, vascular plants, population state, species occurrence, population number

scholarly journals Wildlife trade and consumer preference for species rarity: an examination of caged-bird markets in Sumatra

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 339-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijesh V. Krishna ◽  
Kevin Darras ◽  
Ingo Grass ◽  
Yeni A. Mulyani ◽  
Dewi M. Prawiradilaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Species Rarity ◽  
Analysis Of Time Series

AbstractThis study examines conservation effects of wildlife trade using demand and supply data from caged-bird markets in Sumatra, Indonesia. When consumers have a strong preference for species rarity, trade could result in wildlife overexploitation and species extinction. Results from a choice experiment show that buyers of caged birds indeed value species rarity. However, not all rare species are equally preferred. Species that are frequently traded lose their rarity value, even if rare in the wild. Analysis of time-series data collected from traders over a period of 20 months between 2013 and 2015 reveals an inelastic supply function for rare species, with market arrivals being insensitive to price changes. This may be due to a declining stock of rare species in the wild. Bird trade together with habitat loss can lead to extinction of a number of rare species in Indonesia. Several policy approaches on regulating caged-bird markets are discussed.

scholarly journals Wild Edible Fruits: A Systematic Review of an Under-Researched Multifunctional NTFP (Non-Timber Forest Product)

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallika Sardeshpande ◽  
Charlie Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Habitat Conservation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Wild Edible Fruits ◽  
Processed Products

Wild edible fruits (WEFs) are among the most widely used non-timber forest products (NTFPs), and important sources of nutrition, medicine, and income for their users. In addition to their use as food, WEF species may also yield fiber, fuel, and a range of processed products. Besides forests, WEF species also thrive in diverse environments, such as agroforestry and urban landscapes, deserts, fallows, natural lands, and plantations. Given the multifunctional, ubiquitous nature of WEFs, we conducted a systematic review on the literature specific to WEFs and highlighted links between different domains of the wider knowledge on NTFPs. We found that literature specific to WEFs was limited, and a majority of it reported ethnobotanical and taxonomic descriptions, with relatively few studies on landscape ecology, economics, and conservation of WEFs. Our review identifies priorities and emerging avenues for research and policymaking to promote sustainable WEF management and use, and subsequent biodiversity and habitat conservation. In particular, we recommend that ecosystem services, economic incentives, market innovations, and stakeholder synergies are incorporated into WEF conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Half of resources in threatened species conservation plans are allocated to research and monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel T. Buxton ◽  
Stephanie Avery-Gomm ◽  
Hsein-Yung Lin ◽  
Paul A. Smith ◽  
Steven J. Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Recovery Planning ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
New Information ◽  
Species Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Conservation Plans

Abstract Funds to combat biodiversity loss are insufficient, requiring conservation managers to make trade-offs between costs for actions to avoid further loss and costs for research and monitoring to guide effective actions. Using species’ management plans for 2328 listed species from three countries we show that 50% of species’ proposed recovery plan budgets are allocated to research and monitoring. The proportion of budgets allocated to research and monitoring vary among jurisdictions and taxa, but overall, species with higher proportions of budgets allocated to research and monitoring have poorer recovery outcomes. The proportion allocated to research and monitoring is lower for more recent recovery plans, but for some species, plans have allocated the majority of funds to information gathering for decades. We provide recommendations for careful examination of the value of collecting new information in recovery planning to ensure that conservation programs emphasize action or research and monitoring that directly informs action.

scholarly journals Rare species contribute disproportionately to the functional structure of species assemblages

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1828) ◽  
pp. 20160084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael P. Leitão ◽  
Jansen Zuanon ◽  
Sébastien Villéger ◽  
Stephen E. Williams ◽  
Christopher Baraloto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Species Extinction ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Functional Richness ◽  
Environmental Transitions ◽  
Habitat Breadth ◽  
Species Rarity

There is broad consensus that the diversity of functional traits within species assemblages drives several ecological processes. It is also widely recognized that rare species are the first to become extinct following human-induced disturbances. Surprisingly, however, the functional importance of rare species is still poorly understood, particularly in tropical species-rich assemblages where the majority of species are rare, and the rate of species extinction can be high. Here, we investigated the consequences of local and regional extinctions on the functional structure of species assemblages. We used three extensive datasets (stream fish from the Brazilian Amazon, rainforest trees from French Guiana, and birds from the Australian Wet Tropics) and built an integrative measure of species rarity versus commonness, combining local abundance, geographical range, and habitat breadth. Using different scenarios of species loss, we found a disproportionate impact of rare species extinction for the three groups, with significant reductions in levels of functional richness, specialization, and originality of assemblages, which may severely undermine the integrity of ecological processes. The whole breadth of functional abilities within species assemblages, which is disproportionately supported by rare species, is certainly critical in maintaining ecosystems particularly under the ongoing rapid environmental transitions.

scholarly journals Rare Plants of Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Frederick Peabody
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
The State ◽  
Science Department ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Brigham Young University ◽  
Field Season

A literature survey has been completed in order to determine plant species that have been considered rare, and also plant species that are potentially rare. Dr. Stan Welsh of the Botany and Range Science Department of Brigham Young University (Provo, Utah) was contacted personally during the field season. His experience in the region has provided a list of additional species that are considered rare for the state of Utah and occur on specific sites near the National Park (Table 1). It is possible that these additional rare species may occur within the boundaries of the park.

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