Metal tolerance in Agrostis scabra from the Sudbury, Ontario, area

Daniel J. Archambault; Keith Winterhalder

doi:10.1139/b95-084

Metal tolerance in Agrostis scabra from the Sudbury, Ontario, area

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b95-084 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (5) ◽

pp. 766-775 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Daniel J. Archambault ◽

Keith Winterhalder

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Metal Tolerance ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Hydroponic Experiment ◽

Ecological Aspects ◽

Bioassay Experiment ◽

Tolerance Indices

Acid, metal-contaminated soils are frequently colonized by plant species that have evolved tolerance to metals. Agrostis scabra (tickle grass) grows at several such sites in the Sudbury area. To test whether these populations were tolerant to metals, three experiments were performed. A hydroponic root growth experiment, in which clonal ramets from contaminated and uncontaminated sites were grown in metal-amended nutrient solutions, showed that plants from the Sudbury area had greater tolerance indices than those from outside Sudbury. A seed-based hydroponic experiment, where seeds were germinated in metal solutions, showed that metal-tolerance indices calculated from root growth were mostly greater for populations from Sudbury but that leaf growth was not a good indicator of metal tolerance. A seed-based soil-bioassay experiment, in which seeds were germinated on soils covered with filter paper, showed that seeds from contaminated sites performed better on contaminated soil and a 50:50 soil mixture (contaminated–uncontaminated) than those from uncontaminated sites. Populations of A. scabra growing on contaminated soils in the Sudbury area therefore appear to have been selected for metal tolerance. Ecological aspects of metal tolerance and the possible role of A. scabra in the revegetation of the Sudbury area are discussed. Key words: Agrostis scabra, tolerance, metals, acid soil, contamination.

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Evaluation of copper, nickel, and zinc tolerances in four grass species

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b85-009 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Wilfried E. Rauser ◽

E. Keith Winterhalder

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Adventitious Roots ◽

Metal Tolerance ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Grass Species ◽

Deschampsia Caespitosa ◽

Copper Nickel ◽

Zinc Concentrations

Clones of Agrostis gigantea, Deschampsia caespitosa, Hordeum jubatuin, and Poa compressa were evaluated for their tolerance with respect to copper, nickel, and zinc. Most of the plants originated from acidic, copper- and nickel-contaminated soils near Sudbury, Ont. Metal tolerance was assayed by measuring all of the adventitious roots growing from tillers but excluding lateral roots. Tolerance of copper, nickel, and zinc was evident in the four clones of D. caespitosa originating from Sudbury. One clone of A. gigantea originating from a roast bed showed tolerance of copper, while none showed tolerance of cither nickel or zinc. One clone of P. compressa from Sudbury indicated increased tolerance of copper and nickel, yet its root growth was inhibited at lower zinc concentrations than that of a companion clone from Sudbury and a control. The H. jubatum plants showed no tolerance of any of the metals. Copper was most toxic to all of the species, followed by nickel and then zinc.

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Remediation of mercury-contaminated soils and sediments using biochar: a critical review

Biochar ◽

10.1007/s42773-021-00087-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qian Yang ◽

Yongjie Wang ◽

Huan Zhong

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Redox Conditions ◽

Existing Problems ◽

Soils And Sediments ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Biochar Amendment

AbstractThe transformation of mercury (Hg) into the more toxic and bioaccumulative form methylmercury (MeHg) in soils and sediments can lead to the biomagnification of MeHg through the food chain, which poses ecological and health risks. In the last decade, biochar application, an in situ remediation technique, has been shown to be effective in mitigating the risks from Hg in soils and sediments. However, uncertainties associated with biochar use and its underlying mechanisms remain. Here, we summarize recent studies on the effects and advantages of biochar amendment related to Hg biogeochemistry and its bioavailability in soils and sediments and systematically analyze the progress made in understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for reductions in Hg bioaccumulation. The existing literature indicates (1) that biochar application decreases the mobility of inorganic Hg in soils and sediments and (2) that biochar can reduce the bioavailability of MeHg and its accumulation in crops but has a complex effect on net MeHg production. In this review, two main mechanisms, a direct mechanism (e.g., Hg-biochar binding) and an indirect mechanism (e.g., biochar-impacted sulfur cycling and thus Hg-soil binding), that explain the reduction in Hg bioavailability by biochar amendment based on the interactions among biochar, soil and Hg under redox conditions are highlighted. Furthermore, the existing problems with the use of biochar to treat Hg-contaminated soils and sediments, such as the appropriate dose and the long-term effectiveness of biochar, are discussed. Further research involving laboratory tests and field applications is necessary to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the role of biochar in reducing Hg bioavailability in diverse soil types under varying redox conditions and to develop completely green and sustainable biochar-based functional materials for mitigating Hg-related health risks.

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Role of plant growth promoting bacteria in driving speciation gradients across soil-rhizosphere-plant interfaces in zinc-contaminated soils

Environmental Pollution ◽

10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116909 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 116909

Author(s):

Nyekachi C. Adele ◽

Bryne T. Ngwenya ◽

Kate V. Heal ◽

J. Frederick W. Mosselmans

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Soil Rhizosphere ◽

Growth Promoting

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MODEL EKONOMI-EKOLOGI BERDASARKAN WTP PENGUNJUNG-WTA MASYARAKAT LOCAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN DESTINASI WISATA GUNUNG API BAWAH LAUT MAHENGETANG, KABUPATEN SANGIHE

AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI ◽

10.35791/agrsosek.13.3.2017.17899 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Paulus Adrian Pangemanan ◽

Gene H. M. Kapantouw

Keyword(s):

Local Community ◽

Local Communities ◽

Management Model ◽

Tourist Destinations ◽

Resource Sustainability ◽

Ecological Aspects ◽

Ecological Improvement ◽

Alternative Activities ◽

Economic Improvement

Continuing management of tourist destinations, integrating economic and ecological aspects, and involving quadrohelical roles: local communities, tourism businesses, government and universities. This research develops a tourism destination management model that integrates economic and ecological development based on visitor willingness to pay (WTP) attachment with willingness to accept (WTA) of local community, supported by business actor role and government. Colleges play a role in identifying ecological and economic elements, analyzing and formulating alternative development activities that ensure economic improvement for local communities and resource sustainability (natural, socio-cultural) to improve the destination's life cycle. The purpose of this research is to manage the role of quadrohelical tourism in evaluating, developing economic programs / activities for the surrounding community, by prioritizing the sustainability of resource ecosystem. This research was conducted for 10 months in the area of Mahengetang submarine volcano in Sangihe District. This study focuses on identifying existing conditions of economic and ecological elements, analysis and formulation of alternative activities for economic and ecological improvement based on indicators (WTP-WTA). Destination management model based on WTP-WTA with integrated role of quadrohelical system can be adapted and developed in other destination, or in other resource utilization.

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Effect of soil acidity, soil strength and macropores on root growth and morphology of perennial grass species differing in acid-soil resistance

Plant Cell & Environment ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02254.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 444-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

REBECCA E. HALING ◽

RICHARD J. SIMPSON ◽

RICHARD A. CULVENOR ◽

HANS LAMBERS ◽

ALAN E. RICHARDSON

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Soil Acidity ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Soil Strength ◽

Grass Species ◽

Soil Resistance

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Bundling up the Role of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Primary Root Growth

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.777119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Judith García-González ◽

Kasper van Gelderen

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Actin Cytoskeleton ◽

Cell Elongation ◽

Feedback Loop ◽

Primary Root ◽

Actin Binding ◽

Actin Network ◽

Actin Organization ◽

Primary Root Growth

Primary root growth is required by the plant to anchor in the soil and reach out for nutrients and water, while dealing with obstacles. Efficient root elongation and bending depends upon the coordinated action of environmental sensing, signal transduction, and growth responses. The actin cytoskeleton is a highly plastic network that constitutes a point of integration for environmental stimuli and hormonal pathways. In this review, we present a detailed compilation highlighting the importance of the actin cytoskeleton during primary root growth and we describe how actin-binding proteins, plant hormones, and actin-disrupting drugs affect root growth and root actin. We also discuss the feedback loop between actin and root responses to light and gravity. Actin affects cell division and elongation through the control of its own organization. We remark upon the importance of longitudinally oriented actin bundles as a hallmark of cell elongation as well as the role of the actin cytoskeleton in protein trafficking and vacuolar reshaping during this process. The actin network is shaped by a plethora of actin-binding proteins; however, there is still a large gap in connecting the molecular function of these proteins with their developmental effects. Here, we summarize their function and known effects on primary root growth with a focus on their high level of specialization. Light and gravity are key factors that help us understand root growth directionality. The response of the root to gravity relies on hormonal, particularly auxin, homeostasis, and the actin cytoskeleton. Actin is necessary for the perception of the gravity stimulus via the repositioning of sedimenting statoliths, but it is also involved in mediating the growth response via the trafficking of auxin transporters and cell elongation. Furthermore, auxin and auxin analogs can affect the composition of the actin network, indicating a potential feedback loop. Light, in its turn, affects actin organization and hence, root growth, although its precise role remains largely unknown. Recently, fundamental studies with the latest techniques have given us more in-depth knowledge of the role and organization of actin in the coordination of root growth; however, there remains a lot to discover, especially in how actin organization helps cell shaping, and therefore root growth.

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