Seed germination, seedling demography, and growth of Salix setchelliana on glacial river gravel bars in Alaska

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Seedling Demography ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Gravel Bars ◽  
Denali National Park ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Key Words Alpine

This study examines the recruitment from seed of Salix setchelliana Ball, a prostrate clonal willow, which grows in the gravel-bar habitat of glacial rivers in Denali National Park, Alaska. Seeds of this species did not exhibit any dormancy. Under laboratory conditions, seeds moistened immediately after collection showed 100% germination, and percent germination decreased with an increase in the length of dry storage. Since summer precipitation is generally frequent in this region, this is probably not a factor limiting recruitment. Most seedlings observed in the field were located on gravel bars with greater plant cover, as opposed to those with sparse plant cover. The survivorship of seedlings over their first winter averaged 11%; in comparison, yearly survivorship in years 1–6 averaged 69%. The most likely cause of mortality was insufficient carbohydrate accumulation. Seedling leaf area differed between years and locations. An inverse relationship was found between leaf area and age-class for seedlings of younger age-classes. Key words: alpine, clonal, recruitment.

Pollination, capsule damage, and the production of seeds in Salix setchelliana (Salicaceae), an Alaskan glacial river gravel bar willow

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Predation ◽  
Wind Pollination ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Gravel Bars ◽  
Glacial River ◽  
Denali National Park ◽  
Potential Maximum ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Key Words Alpine

Salix setchelliana, a clonal prostrate willow, is a dominant species of glacial river gravel bars in Denali National Park, Alaska. This habitat, which is located between migrating river channels, is unpredictable in time, patchy in space, and essentially alpine in nature. The species takes advantage of both entomophily and anemophily, thus perhaps improving its success under these conditions. It is dependent primarily on insect pollination, carried out by a variety of species, but wind pollination accounted for 7–25% of seed production. The number of seeds per capsule was much below the potential maximum. Seed prédation, and probably insufficient pollination, influenced seed production. Prédation accounted for a 70% reduction in seed production per capsule in an open pollination treatment (P = 0.005). There were significant differences in number of seeds per capsule between collection sites (P = 0.0022). An inverse relationship was observed between seed predation levels and seed numbers in both insect-damaged and undamaged capsules. Key words: alpine, clonal, pollination, seed prédation.

scholarly journals Cercis canadensis L. Seed Size Influences Germination Rate, Seedling Dry Matter, and Seedling Leaf Area

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Couvillon
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Cercis Canadensis ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Germination Value ◽  
Seedling Leaf

Several studies with annual crops have shown that large seeds improve percent germination, seedling growth, and uniformity, yield, seedling vigor, and stress tolerance. Little information is available on the influence of seed size on the resulting seedlings of woody plant species. Cercis canadensis L. seeds were divided into large and small seed size fractions and the seeds scarified, stratified, and planted. A larger percentage of large seeds germinated than did small seeds. Seedlings from large seeds had a greater peak and germination value than small seeds, indicating greater vigor and a more rapid germination rate thus more uniform seedlings. Seedlings from large seeds, as indicated by fresh and dry weights, were larger and contained a greater leaf area than those produced by small seed.

scholarly journals Relationships of NDVI, Biomass, and Leaf Area Index (LAI) for six key plant species in Barrow, Alaska

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santonu Goswami ◽  
John Gamon ◽  
Sergio Vargas ◽  
Craig Tweedie
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Biomass Plant

Here we investigate relationships between NDVI, Biomass, and Leaf Area Index (LAI) for six key plant species near Barrow, Alaska. We explore how key plant species differ in biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and how can vegetation spectral indices be used to estimate biomass and LAI for key plant species. A vegetation index (VI) or a spectral vegetation index (SVI) is a quantitative predictor of plant biomass or vegetative vigor, usually formed from combinations of several spectral bands, whose values are added, divided, or multiplied in order to yield a single value that indicates the amount or vigor of vegetation. For six key plant species, NDVI was strongly correlated with biomass (R2 = 0.83) and LAI (R2 = 0.70) but showed evidence of saturation above a biomass of 100 g/m2 and an LAI of 2 m2/m2. Extrapolation of a biomass-plant cover model to a multi-decadal time series of plant cover observations suggested that Carex aquatilis and Eriophorum angustifolium decreased in biomass while Arctophila fulva and Dupontia fisheri increased 1972-2008.

VARIABILITY IN FORAGE AND SEED PRODUCTION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN ASTRAGALUS CICER

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SMOLIAK ◽  
A. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Astragalus Cicer ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Seedling Leaf

Forage and seed yield, percentage seed germination, speed of germination index, and 1,000-seed weight were determined for a population of 170 plants selected from Oxley cicer milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.). Seedlings from open-pollinated seed from the selected plants were measured for leaf weight and leaf area, and specific leaf weight was calculated. Most of the characters studied were asymmetrical in distribution. The correlation coefficient between forage and seed yields of mature plants was positive and highly significant. Seedling leaf weight was positively and closely related to seedling leaf area, but seedling leaf area was a more reliable indicator of photosynthetic efficiency. The variability in the characters studied in the selected population suggests that further improvement in forage yield, germination percentage, speed of germination, and seedling vigor may be obtained through a breeding program.

Analysis of early vigour in twenty modern cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Maydup ◽  
C. Graciano ◽  
J. J. Guiamet ◽  
E. A. Tambussi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Significant Coefficient ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Seedling Leaf

Fast development of seedling leaf area is a relevant trait in order to increase early resource acquisition. The use of semi-dwarf genotypes of wheat has decreased early vigour of modern cultivars. We studied early vigour of 20 cultivars cropped in Argentina, and our main objectives were: (i) to analyse the genotypic variability in early vigour; (ii) to study morphological traits that can be good indicators of early vigour, such as seed mass, leaf width, and specific leaf area; and (iii) to determine whether increased dry mass allocation to roots impacts negatively on early vigour. Experiments with non-size-selected and size-selected seeds were carried out in a greenhouse. A field trial was also conducted in order to test the reliability of the greenhouse results. Seeds mass was the main parameter related to early vigour. However, results from the experiment with seeds selected by size (45–50 mg seed–1) showed that seed mass per se only partially explains early vigour, since a significant coefficient of determination was observed between the seedling leaf area of each cultivar in both experiments (i.e. with randomly chosen or size-selected seeds). We observed a high coefficient of determination between net assimilation rate and changes in the ranking of early vigour of the cultivars with time after transplant. Root biomass was positively correlated with leaf area, indicating that the traits were not mutually exclusive. We built simple models by multiple regression to predict early vigour, including some parameters that were easy to measure. Seed mass and leaf width taken together showed better fit than seed mass or leaf width alone. We found a significant coefficient of determination between early vigour in greenhouse and field experiments; thus, screening for early vigour under semi-controlled conditions may be feasible.

scholarly journals Defoliating Lilac Seedlings in Field Production

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 820A-820
Author(s):  
Bert Cregg*
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Copper Treatment ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Additional Labor ◽  
Field Production

Lilac (Syringa vulgaris L) seedlings are commonly grown in many seedling nurseries in Michigan. Typically seedlings are lifted in the fall and stored prior to shipment or stored by the customer. A major problem in field production of lilacs is that seedlings often retain their leaves late in the fall. If the leaves are not removed prior to storage or shipment, the seedlings will mold and deteriorate. Therefore, growers must spend additional labor to remove the leaves, often by hand. The goal of this research was to evaluate chemical alternatives to defoliate lilac seedlings in field nurseries. Two on-farm research trials were conducted in 2001 and 2003 in cooperation with a seedling grower in Saugatuck, MI. In Experiment 1, Florel (1/2 and ¼ dilution) and chelated copper (0.5% and 1% solution) were sprayed by and onto lilac in the seedling bed. Florel and chelated copper effectively reduced leaf area of lilac seedlings. Less than 20% of the initial leaf area remained on the 1% copper and ½ Florel-treated seedlings. The ½ Florel and 1% chelated copper completely defoliated 67% and 40% of the seedlings, respectively, whereas only 17% on the control seedlings lost all their leaves prior to lifting. Both levels of Florel and the 1% copper treatment reduced growth of seedlings after planting. In experiment 2, we applied chelated copper treatments at varying rates (0.25% and 0.5%) and times (1 application and 2 applications) using the cooperators' spray equipment. Repeated applications of chelated copper were more effective in reducing seedling leaf area than a single application at both concentrations tested.

scholarly journals COMPREHENSIVE EFFORTS SEED QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUMOFFICINARUM L.) THROUGH A SINGLE METHOD BUD PLANTING A GARDEN SEEDS AND PLANTING MATERIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Endang Suhesti ◽  
Eko Widaryanto ◽  
Budi Waluyoh ◽  
Sri Winarsih
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sugar Plantation ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The study was designed to improve the quality of the SBP as milled cane planting material by improving the early growth of plants. Research carried out gradually implemented in the Indonesian Sugar Plantation Research Center (P3GI) Pasuruan, using two varieties of sugarcane are varieties Bululawang and PS 862 with numbers 7-16 buds. Germination (%), was observed on the 15th day after planting (DAP) and the growth of the plant include: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, as well as the production of biomass include: Dry weight (DW) and fresh weight (FW) plant organs (leaves, stems, and roots). Fresh Weight (BS) and Dry Weight (BK) total crop. The results showed the top eye numbers (7,8,9,10) for both varieties provide the same germination potential (> 70%). But the number of buds bottom (11,12,13,14,15,16) Bululawang varieties give a lower percent germination than varieties of PS 862. At PS 862 varieties buds numbers 8 and 9 can generate over 95 percent germination %. Number eye affects plant growth in polybag components which include plant height, leaf area and the number of leaves and observation of the biomass production shows the influence of the number of eyes. These parameters indicate a decrease in the number and size of the eyes of the lower numbers. While the diameter rod eye development is not affected numbers. PS 862 varieties showed faster growth than Bululawang varieties. However, exposure to biomass production, Bululawang varieties showed higher yields than at PS 862 varieties.

scholarly journals Seed discontinuous hydration does not benefit germination, but improves drought tolerance of Triplaris gardneriana seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e55992
Author(s):  
Rafael Silva Freitas ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Meiado ◽  
Elizamar Ciríaco da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Seedling Leaf

The discontinuous seed hydration enables the acquisition of tolerance to environmental stresses, causing a stress imprint. It may modify metabolic patterns and lead to improved stress responses. This study aims to evaluate the effects of discontinuous hydration on germination and on seedling growth of Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. under intermittent drought. The seeds have gone through cycles (0, 1, 2 and 3) of hydration and dehydration (HD). The seedlings produced were subjected to water deficit (daily watering and intervals of seven and fourteen days between watering). Seed germinability parameters and, relative growth rate (RGR) of seedling, leaf area, dry matter yield and leaf relative water content (RWC) were evaluated. The HD cycles did not benefit germination, but two HD cycles induced a better biomass accumulation and increased leaf area in seedlings under moderate water deficit, while three HD cycles promoted an increase in RGR and influenced the RWC values. Severe stress affects seedling growth, but subjection to HD cycles minimizes the deleterious effects of drought, suggesting discontinuous hydration acts leading stress imprint in plants.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF BROCCOLI-CROPPED SOIL ON THE GROWTH OF BROCCOLI, CABBAGE, AND CAULIFLOWER

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 268A-268
Author(s):  
Jose Reynaldo A. Santos ◽  
Daniel I. Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Over Time

Broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower were grown in the greenhouse on fallowed soil (FS) or on soil previously cropped with broccoli CBS) for three years. Fertilization levels (kg/ha) were none, 67N-22P, and 135N-44P. Inhibition of root and shoot growth components, and leaf color was evaluated at 30, 44, 58, and 72 days after seeding. Shoot and root growth of cauliflower, grown on BS, progressively declined over time, while that of broccoli and cabbage either increased or remained unaffected. Application of fertilizer (67N-22P) improved the shoot growth of cabbage but did not alleviate the symptoms associated with allelopathy, i.e., stunted growth, leaf chlorosis, reduced leaf area, observed in cauliflower. Whole plant extract of broccoli decreased percent germination of cauliflower, and reduced the speed of germination of all three test crops in the order of cauliflower>broccoli>cabbage.

scholarly journals Containerized Muskmelon Transplants: Cell Volume Effects on Pretransplant Development and Subsequent Yield

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Maynard ◽  
Charles S. Vavrina ◽  
W. Dennis Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Volume Effects

Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. cvs. Superstar and Mission) transplants were grown in cellular seedling trays of polystyrene or styrofoam, with individual cells ranging in volume from 7 to 100 cm3, transplanted to the field, and grown to maturity in Florida and Indiana during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. Seedling leaf area, shoot and root weights before transplanting, and shoot dry weight 20 days after transplanting increased linearly with increasing cell volume in Florida. Thirty days after transplanting, vine length showed significant linear and quadratic trends with respect to cell volume in Indiana. In Florida, early and total yields increased linearly as transplant cell volume increased for `Mission' in both years and for `Superstar' in 1994. In Indiana, early yields increased linearly as transplant cell volume increased for `Mission' in 1994 and for `Superstar' in both years, but cell volume did not consistently affect total yield. Transplant tray effects on early and total yield unrelated to linear or quadratic effects of cell volume occurred in both locations, but these effects were not consistent.

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