Penicillium tricolor, a new mould species from Canadian wheat

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens C. Frisvad ◽  
Keith A. Seifert ◽  
Robert A. Samson ◽  
John T. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Diagnostic Characters

A new Penicillium species, P.tricolor, morphologically similar to P. aurantiogriseum and allied species, was isolated from red spring wheat and durham wheat grains in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Penicillium tricolor is classified in Penicillium subg. Penicillium and is characterized by the following combination of diagnostic characters: tuberculate conidiophore stipes, greyish turquoise smooth conidia, orange-brown exudate droplets and colony reverse, and production of the mycotoxins xanthomegnin, viomellein, vioxanthin, terrestric acid, and the alkaloids rugulosuvine, leucyltryptophanyldiketopiperazine, verrucofortine, puberuline, and asteltoxin. Key words: Penicillium tricolor, taxonomy, wheat, mycotoxins.

scholarly journals The effect of different tillage-fertilization practices on the mycoflora of wheat grains

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SUPRONIENE ◽  
A. MANKEVICIENE ◽  
G. KADZIENE
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Surface Contamination ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Grain Surface ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

A two-factor field experiment was carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture during the period 2005-2008. The influence of different tillage and fertilization practices on wheat grain fungal contamination was evaluated. Grain surface contamination and internal grain infection with fungi were quantified using agar tests. Purified colonies were identified using different manuals. A total of 16 fungal genera were identified in spring and winter wheat grains. Alternaria infected 46.3% - 99.9%, Cladosporium 26.9% - 77.8%, Fusarium 0.9% - 37.1%, Penicillium 1.3% - 2.5% of grains tested. Winter wheat grain surface contamination by fungi ranged from 7.2 × 103 to 24.8 × 103 of colony forming units per g of grain (cfu g-1), spring wheat from 14.8 × 103 to 80.3 × 103 cfu g-1. No-tillage increased winter wheat grain infection by Alternaria, Aspergillus and Cladosporium species and total count of cfu g-1 on spring wheat grain surface. High fertilizer rates resulted in an increase in spring wheat grain infection by Fusarium and Penicillium species and total count of cfu g-1 on both spring and winter wheat grain surface.;

scholarly journals The Impact of Harvesting Time on Fusarium Mycotoxins in Spring Wheat Grain and Their Interaction with Grain Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Yuliia Kochiieru ◽  
Audronė Mankevičienė ◽  
Jurgita Cesevičienė ◽  
Roma Semaškienė ◽  
Jūratė Ramanauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Full Maturity

In this work, we studied the impact of harvesting time on Fusarium mycotoxin occurrence in spring wheat and the effect of mycotoxin contamination on the quality of these grains. The spring wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) were collected in 2016–2018 when the crop had reached full maturity, 10 ± 2 days and 17 ± 3 days after full maturity. The grain samples were analyzed for Fusarium infection and co-contamination with mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), and T-2 toxin (T-2), as well as the quality of the wheat grains (mass per hectolitre, contents of protein, starch, ash and fat, particle size index (PSI), falling number, sedimentation, wet gluten content, and gluten index). The occurrence of Fusarium spp. fungi and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains was mostly influenced by the harvesting time and meteorological conditions. The correlations between Fusarium species and the mycotoxins produced by them in the grains of spring wheat showed F. graminearum to be a dominant species, and as a result, higher concentrations of DON and ZEA were determined. The co-occurrence of all the three mycotoxins analyzed (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin) was identified in wheat. In rainy years, a delay in harvesting resulted in diminished grain quality of spring wheat, as indicated by grain mass per hectolitre and falling number. Negative correlations were found in highly contaminated grains between mycotoxins (DON, ZEA, and T-2) and falling number and grain mass per hectolitre values.

DEGRADATION OF MELANOIDINS BY SOIL MICROORGANISMS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARL C. IVARSON ◽  
LAURE M. BENZING-PURDIE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Synthetic melanoidins, unlabeled and U–14C labeled, mixed with sand, inoculated with a soil suspension and incubated in Warburg vessels for 30 d, decomposed slowly. Reactants (amino acids, sugars and NH4 salts) involved in melanoidin formation had no influence on rate of degradation, nor did the pH at which the melanoidins were synthesized. However, temperature of synthesis affected the rate; an increase led to a decrease in biodegradability paralleled by both increase in C:N ratio and unsaturation. At lower temperatures species of Penicillium, Cladosporium and Paecilomyces were the dominant fungi degrading the polymers, while at higher temperatures only Penicillium species were present. Key words: Melanoidins, decomposition by soil microbes

scholarly journals Arquitectura foliar y otros caracteres del esporófito en especies neotropicales de Marattia Sw., Marattiaceae-Pteridophyta.

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 11-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Lavalle
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Terminal Segment ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Equal Distance

RESUMEN. Arquitectura foliar y otros caracteres del esporófito en especies neotropicales de Marattia Sw., Marattiaceae-Pteridophyta. Se estudió la arquitectura foliar y la anatomía de ejes y láminas en siete especies neotropicales de Marattia: M. alata Sw., M. cicutifolia Kaulf., M. excavata Underw., M. interposita H. Christ, M. laevis Sm., M. laxa Kunze y M. weinmanniifolia Liebm. Los rizomas desnudos, amiláceos, policiclostélicos, las estípulas amiláceas y la presencia de pulvínulos son rasgos de familia en Marattiaceae Bercht. & J. S. Presl. Los rizomas erectos, muricados, las estípulas vascularizadas con lenticelas, las frondas monomórficas y dos clases de tejidos mecánicos (colénquima en raíces, rizomas, estípites y pulvínulos, esclerénquima en raquis, costas y cóstulas) son rasgos genéricos que Marattia comparte con el género paleotropical Angiopteris Hoffm. La división de la lámina segrega grupos de especies, con frondas 2-pinnadas ó 3-4-pinnadas (neotropicales y paleotropicales). La presencia de una pínnula terminal, el contorno, margen, tamaño y venación de las pínnulas, y la separación constante de estas sobre las costas son caracteres diagnósticos específicos en especies con frondas 2-pinnadas (neotropicales y paleotropicales). La presencia de un segmento terminal irregular en las pinnas, los tipos de ápices de las pínnulas, la separación acrópetamente decreciente entre pínnulas, el contorno, ápice, tamaño y venación de las pinnúlulas y segmentos de cuarto orden son caracteres diagnósticos específicos en especies con frondas 3-4-pinnadas (neotropicales y paleotropicales).Palabras clave. Marattia, neotrópico, arquitectura foliar, anatomía del esporófito.ABSTRACT. Foliar architecture and other characters of the sporophyte in neotropical species of Marattia Sw., (Marattiaceae-Pteridophyta. Architecture of fronds and the anatomy of axis and laminae were studied in seven neotropical species of Marattia : M. alata Sw., M. cicutifolia Kaulf., M. excavata Underw., M. interposita H. Christ, M. laevis Sm., M. laxa Kunze and M. weinmanniifolia Liebm. Naked, polycyclostelic, amylaceous rhizomes, amylaceous stipules, and pulvinules are familiar traits in the Marattiaceae Bercht. & J. S. Presl. Erect, muricate rhizomes, vascularized stipules with lenticels, monomorphic fronds, and two kinds of mechanic tissues (collenchyma in roots, rhizomes, stipes and pulvinules, and sclerenchyma in rachises, costae and costules) are generic traits in Marattia, shared also by the paleotropical genus Angiopteris Hoffm. Division of the lamina segregates groups of species: 2-pinnate and 3-4-pinnate laminae occur both in neotropical and paleotropical species of the genus. Presence of a terminal pinnula, outline, size, margin, and venation of pinnules, an equal distance between each pinnules along costae, and types of margin of pinnules are diagnostic characters to the specific level in 2-pinnate species (both neotropical and paleotropical ones), while pinnae ended in an irregular terminal segment, types of apices of the pinnules, acropetally diminishing distances between pinnules on the costae, outline, apex, size, and venation of the pinnulets and fourth order segments are diagnostic characters to the specific level in 3-4-pinnate species (both the neotropical and paleotropical ones).Key words. Marattia, Neotropic, foliar architecture, anatomy of sporophyte.

Lower limit of available water for three plant species grown on a medium-textured soil in southwestern Saskatchewan

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Cutforth ◽  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
C. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Water Contents

Numerous researchers estimate and report laboratory-determined lower limit of available water contents using −1.5 MPa water potentials. For medium-textured soils, laboratory-measured lower limits should be determined at potentials of at least −4 MPa, and possibly −10 MPa, when using pressure membrane procedures. However, because the lower limit of available water is dependent upon environmental, plant and soil factors, we agree with Ratliff et al. (1983) that field-measured lower limits are preferable to laboratory-measured lower limits. Field-measured lower limits of available water did not vary markedly between spring wheat, alfalfa and grass. Key words: Lower limit of available water, wheat, alfalfa, grass

Contribution to the Lygaeoidea (Heteroptera) fauna of Turkey based on specimens preserved in the Lodos Entomological Museum, Turkey (LEMT) and additional information

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
BARIŞ ÇERÇİ ◽  
SERDAR TEZCAN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
New Record ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
First Time

In this study, the following three species of Lygaeoidea were recorded from Turkey: Emblethis solitarius Jakovlev, 1882; Orsillodes longirostris Puton, 1884 (both Rhyparochromidae) and Horvathiolus kiritshenkoi kiritshenkoi Josifov, 1965 (Lygaeidae). Among them E. solitarius Jakovlev, 1881 was recorded from Turkey for the first time and additional data on the distribution of H. kiritshenkoi kiritshenkoi and O. longirostris previously known only from one or two localities from Turkey was added. Horvathiolus kiritshenkoi kiritshenkoi was redescribed and new diagnostic characters were added. Photographs of macropterous form of H. kiritshenkoi kiritshenkoi and adult forms of the other two species were given. Supplementary material of Adelphophylus oenderi Çerçi, Koçak & Tezcan, 2019 (Miridae: Phylinae) was also reported. Key words: Lygaeoidea, Lygaeidae, Rhyparochromidae, Miridae, new record, redescription, Turkey

Culm height and susceptibility of Canadian winter and spring wheat cultivars to common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gaudet ◽  
B. J. Puchalski ◽  
T. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Tilletia Tritici ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Low Levels

A field study involving winter and spring wheat cultivars possessing race-specific and nonspecific resistance to Tilletia tritici and T. laevis was conducted to determine the effect of bunt on culm dwarfing, and the role of culm height in the susceptibility of wheat cultivars. Bunt-induced stunting, ranging from 2.4 to 21%, was observed in 20 of 25 cultivars and the severity was correlated with level of bunt (r = 0.86). Also, there was preferential infection of shorter culms by the bunt fungus and this appeared to be a major factor in the susceptibility of most cultivars in this study. Cultivars possessing moderate to high levels of nonspecific resistance such as Katepwa and Chinook had fewer short culms; these short culms were susceptible. A large proportion of the culms of short-statured or semi-dwarf cultivars such as HY320, Tobari 66, and the soft white spring wheats Fielder and Springfield, fell into the shortest height classes; uniformly these were highly susceptible to bunt infection. Laura and Roblin, cultivars of conventional height, had a large proportion of short culms and these were highly susceptible. Red Bobs 222 and HY355 also exhibited high levels of bunt in the taller culms. Cultivars possessing race-specific resistance such as the durum wheats and BW553 had low levels of infection across the culm height classes. Cultivar variation in susceptibility to bunt within each of the different culm height classes also was observed. The possible implications of the effect of preferential bunting of short culms on development in short-statured or semi-dwarf wheats are discussed. Key words: Stinking smut, Norin 10/Brevor

Response to weed control by four spring wheat genotypes differing in competitive ability

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Control Genotype

Increased crop competitiveness may complement existing weed control methods. The objective of this research was to establish whether spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with contrasting competitive abilities respond differently to weed control levels. Four sibling genotypes differing in competitive ability were grown under simulated weedy conditions and subjected to four weed control levels. The competitive genotypes were superior to the less-competitive genotypes in grain yield under weedy and partially weedy conditions. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., competition, weed control, genotype × weedcontrol interaction

Inheritance of kernel hardness in five spring wheat crosses

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Baker ◽  
K. A. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
Grinding Time

Significant variation among grinding times of F3-derived F4 lines of five crosses indicated that there were genetic differences in hardness among five spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Bimodal distributions indicated a two-gene difference between a very hard and soft cultivar and a one-gene difference between a hard and soft cultivar. Key words: Triticum aestivum, kernel hardness, grinding time

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