Subcellular localization of polyamines in embryogenie callus of white spruce (Picea glauca)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vindhya Amarasinghe ◽  
John E. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Embryo Cells

Polyamines were localized in embryogenic callus cells of Picea glauca by the fluorescent dye o-phthalaldehyde and polyclonal antibodies raised against putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. Localization by both methods showed higher levels of polyamines in the nuclei and nucleoli than in the cytoplasm. In contrast with previous reports on cytochemical localization of polyamines in animal cells, stain was always excluded from the condensed chromatin of spruce somatic embryo cells. Key words: polyamines, cytochemistry, immunolocalization, white spruce.

Somatic embryo maturation, germination, and soil establishment of plants of black and white spruce (Picea mariana and Picea glauca)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2583-2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Attree ◽  
T. E. Tautorus ◽  
D. I. Dunstan ◽  
L. C. Fowke
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Embryo Maturation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Somatic Embryo Maturation

Somatic embryo maturation, germination, and soil establishment frequencies were compared for two conifer species, white and black spruce (Picea glauca and Picea mariana). The comparison of the two species regenerated and established in soil under the same conditions showed black spruce to be the most responsive. Shorter exposure times to 32 μM abscisic acid were not as effective as maturation on a medium containing 16 μM abscisic acid for 28 days. This gave similar maturation frequencies for the two species (6–8%), and germination frequencies of 64% for white spruce and over 73% for black spruce. Over 1800 black and white spruce plantlets were recovered, and more than 400 were transferred from in vitro to nonsterile conditions. Sixty percent (160) of the black spruce plantlets survived transfer and continued to grow vigorously. By comparison only 18% (29) of the white spruce plantlets survived, and half of these rapidly produced dormant buds and underwent no further shoot growth. White spruce plants that did not produce dormant buds grew vigorously. These results indicate that there are large differences in the ability of these closely related species to respond to plantlet establishment following regeneration from somatic embryos, and that black spruce is highly responsive to micropropagation by this method. Key words: Picea glauca, Picea mariana, somatic embryogenesis, maturation, germination, soil establishment.

Pyrimidine metabolism during somatic embryo development in white spruce (Picea glauca)

2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ashihara ◽  
Natalia Loukanina ◽  
Claudio Stasolla ◽  
Trevor A. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Pyrimidine Metabolism ◽  
Somatic Embryo Development

scholarly journals Regeneration of aspen following partial and strip understory protection harvest in boreal mixedwood forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison D Lennie ◽  
Simon M Landhäusser ◽  
Victor J Lieffers ◽  
Derek Sidders
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Mixedwood Forests ◽  
Partial Harvest ◽  
Second Year

Trembling aspen regeneration was studied in 2 types of partial harvest systems designed to harvest mature aspen but protect immature spruce and encourage natural aspen regeneration. Two partial harvest systems, where the residual aspen was either left in strips or was dispersed uniformly, were compared to traditional clearcuts. After the first and second year since harvest, aspen sucker density and growth was similar between the 2 partial harvests, but was much lower than in the clearcuts. However, in the partial cuts the regeneration density was very much dependent on the location relative to residual trees. The density of regeneration was inversely related to the basal area of residual aspen; however, sucker height was inversely related to the basal area of the residual spruce. Although there were adequate numbers of suckers after partial harvest, their viability and contribution to the long-term productivity of these mixedwood stands is not clear. Key words: silvicultural systems, forest management, residual canopy, white spruce, Populus tremuloides, Picea glauca, traffic

Windthrow as an important process for white spruce regeneration

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Ruel ◽  
Marius Pineau
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Mature Stands

White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss.) is frequently found in association with balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) in virgin stands. However, its regeneration is less aggressive than that of balsam fir. The persistance of white spruce in the canopy might be explained by differential mortality and windthrow. Windthrow could play an important role in creating favourable seedbeds and providing increased light. This paper examines the contribution of windthrow for white spruce regeneration in balsam fir-dominated forests. Experimental windthrows were created and regeneration establishment monitored for three seasons. Windthrow greatly modified the availability of seedbeds and enhanced white spruce establishment. Older natural windthrows were sampled to conclude that this effect was still evident more than five years after windthrow occured. We also noticed that white spruce benefited more from the disturbance than did balsam fir. Finally, sampling conducted in mature stands showed that mature white spruce stems were more abundant on the mounds created by old uprootings, indicating that this effect is maintained in the long term. Even though balsam fir also benefited from windthrow, the benefit was proportionally greater for white spruce. Key words: Picea glauca, Abies balsamea, windthrow, microtopography, regeneration

Somatic embryogenesis in Picea glauca (white spruce) and Picea mariana (black spruce)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Hakman ◽  
Larry C. Fowke
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Vacuolated Cells

Embryogenic callus was initiated from immature embryos of Picea glauca (white spruce) and Picea mariana (black spruce) cultured on defined media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1 × 10−5 M), N6-benzyladenine (5 × 10−6 M), and 1% sucrose. Seeds from cones stored at 4 °C for up to 3 months yielded embryogenic callus. Much higher frequencies of embryogenic callus were obtained from white spruce than from black spruce. Embryogenic callus contained loosely organized cells and somatic embryos of various sizes. The embryos consisted of a cluster of tiny dividing cells (embryonic region) with attached large vacuolated cells (suspensor region). Upon subculture of embrogenic callus to media either lacking growth regulators or with reduced concentrations (5 × 10−7 M, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 5 × 10−6 M N6-benzyladenine) somatic embryos could be stimulated to develop into plantlets.

Initiation of embryogenic callus and suspension cultures, and improved embryo regeneration from protoplasts, of white spruce (Picea glauca)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1790-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Attree ◽  
D. I. Dunstan ◽  
L. C. Fowke
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Protoplast Isolation ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Embryo Regeneration

Rapid and high frequency somatic embryo regeneration from protoplasts isolated from 10 embryogenic cell lines of white spruce (Picea glauca) is reported. Embryogenic callus was initiated from immature zygotic embryos as source material for protoplast isolation. Individual cell lines exhibited different capabilities for sustained growth. Protoplast plating efficiencies depended on the concentrations of macroelements included in the medium. Using a medium with reduced salts, individual protoplasts developed directly into embryos with no disorganized growth period. Protoplasts from newly established suspension cultures regenerated to recognizable somatic embryos within 8 days of culture. This embryo development was faster than that from protoplasts isolated from longer term suspension cultures. However, the latter suspensions yielded more protoplasts, displayed higher plating efficiencies, and differed in their response to media.

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