Species of Cortinarius subgenus Leprocybe, sections Orellani and Limonei, in North America

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Thorn ◽  
D. W. Malloch
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Fluorescent Compounds

Descriptions and a key are provided to seven species of Cortinarius subg. Leprocybe, sect. Orellani and Limonei, that are found in North America, namely C. callisteus (synonym C. croceocolor), C. distans var. olympianus, C. gentilis (synonym C. confusus), C. limoneus (synonym C. whiteae), C. morrisii, C. rainierensis, and C. speciosissimus. Of these, C. rainierensis and C. speciosissimus were previously shown to contain the nephrotoxin orellanine. Reports of C. orellanus from North America were based on misidentifications of C. uliginosus or similar species of subg. Dermocybe. There are no apparent morphological features to distinguish C. speciosissimus, which has been found in eastern North America, from C. rainierensis, which is known only from the state of Washington in western North America, or from C. orellanoides, which was described from France. Since morphological characters were found for the distinction of sibling species discovered by biochemical and genetic studies in other genera, including Armillaria, we prefer not to accept or suggest the synonymy of these taxa until neotypes or lectotypes are selected for C. croceocolor and C. rubellus and these specimens are compared with types of the other available names using chromatography of fluorescent compounds or rDNA sequences. Key words: biosystematics, mushroom poisoning, orellanine.

scholarly journals New records of theropods from the latest Cretaceous of New Jersey and the Maastrichtian Appalachian fauna

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 191206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chase Doran Brownstein
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
North America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
New Records ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Postcranial Remains

The faunal changes that occurred in the few million years before the Cretaceous–Palaeogene extinction are of much interest to vertebrate palaeontologists. Western North America preserves arguably the best fossil record from this time, whereas terrestrial vertebrate fossils from the eastern portion of the continent are usually limited to isolated, eroded postcranial remains. Examination of fragmentary specimens from the American east, which was isolated for the majority of the Cretaceous as the landmass Appalachia, is nonetheless important for better understanding dinosaur diversity at the end of the Mesozoic. Here, I report on two theropod teeth from the Mount Laurel Formation, a lower-middle Maastrichtian unit from northeastern North America. One of these preserves in detail the structure of the outer enamel and resembles the dentition of the tyrannosauroid Dryptosaurus aquilunguis among latest Cretaceous forms in being heavily mediolaterally compressed and showing many moderately developed enamel crenulations. Along with previously reported tyrannosauroid material from the Mt Laurel and overlying Cretaceous units, this fossil supports the presence of non-tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroids in the Campanian–Maastrichtian of eastern North America and provides evidence for the hypothesis that the area was still home to relictual vertebrates through the end of the Mesozoic. The other tooth is assignable to a dromaeosaurid and represents both the youngest occurrence of a non-avian maniraptoran in eastern North America and the first from the Maastrichtian reported east of the Mississippi. This tooth, which belonged to a 3–4 m dromaeosaurid based on size comparisons with the teeth of taxa for which skeletons are known, increases the diversity of the Maastrichtian dinosaur fauna of Appalachia. Along with previously reported dromaeosaurid teeth, the Mt Laurel specimen supports the presence of mid-sized to large dromaeosaurids in eastern North America throughout the Cretaceous.

FIRST RECORD OF STRONGYGASTER TRIANGULIFERA (LOEW) (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) AS A PARASITOID OF HARMONIA AXYRIDIS (PALLAS) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Katsoyannos ◽  
M.T. Aliniazee
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coleomegilla Maculata ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis Pallas

The parasitic tachinid fly Strongygaster triangulifera (Loew) is widely distributed in North America (Stone et al. 1965). It parasitizes several Coleoptera and sometimes species of other orders such as Lepidoptera, Dermaptera, and Hemiptera (Sabrosky and Braun 1970). Existing records of S. triangulifera found in coccinellid hosts are from eastern North America. One describes low parasitization levels (<1%) in two indigenous species, Coccinella trifasciata perplexa Mulsant and Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake, in Ontario, Canada (Smith 1960). The other existing record describes fluctuating parasitization levels (3.0–31.1% in 1993 and 0–6.5% in 1994) in the exotic species Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) in North Carolina and Virginia (Nalepa et al. 1996).

On the mN, M Relation for Eastern North American Earthquakes

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail M. Atkinson ◽  
David M. Boore
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Moment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moment Magnitude ◽  
Scaling Relations ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Meaningful Data

Abstract A stochastic model of ground motion has been used as a basis for comparison of data and theoretically-predicted relations between mN (commonly denoted by mbLg) and moment magnitude for eastern North America (ENA) earthquakes. mN magnitudes are recomputed for several historical ENA earthquakes, to ensure consistency of definition and provide a meaningful data set. We show that by itself the magnitude relation cannot be used as a discriminant between two specific spectral scaling relations, one with constant stress and the other with stress increasing with seismic moment, that have been proposed for ENA earthquakes.

scholarly journals Slender Moonwort, Botrychium lineare (Ophioglossaceae), Rediscovered in Quebec

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Cayouette ◽  
Donald R. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ongoing Study ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Spore Size ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Gaspe Peninsula ◽  
Made In

Slender Moonwort (Botrychium lineare), described in 1994, is a very rare fern in eastern North America. It was known in Quebec, Canada, from only two sites in the Gaspé Peninsula but has not been relocated since its discovery at these sites in 1902 and 1942. An ongoing study of B. lineare and its recent discovery in northern Minnesota prompted a re-examination of a 1972 collection made in western Quebec, in Gatineau Park, previously identified under various names, including B. campestre. A recent visit (2008) to the Gatineau Park site disclosed continued presence of similar plants. Based on morphological characters, spore size, genotype (allozyme electrophoresis), and appropriate habitat features, we conclude that the newly discovered plants and those of the 1972 collection are B. lineare. B. lineare appears on the Quebec government list of plant species likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable.

High-Frequency Seismic Wave Propagation in Northeastern North America

1990 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Hough ◽  
K. H. Jacob ◽  
L. Seeber
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Characteristic Length ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Energy Propagation ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
High Frequencies

Abstract A key element in the assessment of seismic hazard is the estimation of how energy propagation from a given earthquake is affected by crustal structure near the receiver and along the more distant propagation path. In this paper, we present data from a variety of sources in eastern North America recorded at epicentral distances of a few to 800 km, and characterize and interpret systematic features. Site effects have been classically considered in terms of amplification either within a sediment-filled valley or from a single topographic feature (Geli et al., 1988). We present evidence of high frequency (5–30 Hz) resonances observed in hard-rock recordings of both body waves and Lg waves, and suggest that site effect should be expanded regionally to include structural and topographic information over sufficiently large areas to include several wavelengths of any features that may interact with seismic waves in the frequency range of interest. A growing body of evidence suggests that ground motions at high frequencies recorded at large epicentral distances in eastern North America are controlled by resonance effects. We hypothesize that a fundamental difference between eastern and western North America spectra stems from a combination of differences in the character of topography and near-surface structure. Active tectonics of western North America gives rise to a complex crust that scatters seismic energy in a random manner and results in very effective attenuation of high frequencies. The older eastern North American crust contains scatterers that are more ordered, with characteristic length scales that give rise to resonance phenomena in the frequency band critical for earthquake hazard. We present preliminary analysis of topographic data from the Adirondack Mountains in New York that demonstrates the existence of characteristic length scales on the order of up to 1–3 kilometers. Features with these length scales will effectively scatter energy at frequencies in the 1 to 10 Hz range.

A giant Permian fusulinid from east-central Alaska with comparisons of all giant fusulinids in western North America

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin H. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Permian ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
East Central ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Species Groups

The discovery of a new locality yielding giant Guadalupian (Lower Permian) fusulinids in east-central Alaska extends the range of these forms much farther north than previously known, and into a tectonostratigraphic terrane from which they previously had not been reported. The number of areas from which giant parafusulinids are known in North America is thus raised to eight. Three of these localities are in rocks that previously had been referred to the allochthonous McCloud belt arc, and one, West Texas, is known to have been part of Paleozoic North America. Comparison of species from all areas suggests that there are two closely related species groups: one represented in Texas and Coahuila, and the other represented in Sonora, northern California, northeastern Washington, southern and northern British Columbia, Alaska, and apparently in Texas. These groups may differ because they are of slightly different ages or because interchange between the faunas of Texas–Coahuila area and the other regions was somewhat inhibited during the Early Permian.

North American Devonian Carydiidae (Bivalvia): systematics, phylogeny, and implications in early diversification of the class

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bowman Bailey
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
North American ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
European Family

Although past authors have regarded the Carydiidae as a European family, six species of Carydium are reported here from the Devonian of eastern North America. Two of these belong to a single morphocline common in the Hamilton shales; another (Carydium clarkei) is new. Due to lack of well preserved hinges most of these species were earlier placed in Nucula because serrations or striations on dental elements were mistaken for a taxodont dentition.New data require modification of carydiid phylogenies of earlier authors. 1) Two independent pre-Devonian derivations from Lyrodesma are inferred. 2) Noradonta shergoldi, a carydiid-like lyrodesmatid from the Ordovician of Australia, is recognized as an important phyletic link between the Carydiidae and the Lyrodesmatidae. 3) The previous view of three distinct lineages within Carydium is not supported. Anamorphic data suggest as few as two main lineages and show two of the hinge types to be homeomorphic grades appearing separately or within one or the other of the main lineages.Though too young to be directly involved in the early diversification of the Bivalvia, the actinodont, subheterodont, and pseudotaxodont hinge morphologies of Carydium supply models for the origin of heterodont and taxodont hinges. Anamorphic and other evidence suggests that both are iterative types, and fundamental differences between them may be few. Hence, their preeminence as diagnostic criteria among higher taxa is diminished.

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