Period of harvest, sprouting ability of cuttings, and in vitro plant regeneration in Fraxinus excelsior

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conceição Eneida Silveira ◽  
Alain Cottignies
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

Propagation by stem cuttings and in vitro culture of apical bud explants were studied on Fraxinus excelsior L. Stem cuttings from 4- to 7-year-old trees growing under natural conditions sprouted only when cuttings were taken from dormant material. Only 6% of those that had sprouted developed roots by the 7th month of culture. Similarly, only apical bud explants harvested during the dormant period sprouted in vitro. Up to 87% of these sprouts developed two to four branching adventitious roots after 5 months of culture. During the initial phase of in vitro culture, the Quoirin and Lepoivre medium and the woody plant medium favoured sprout lengthening. During the phase of multiplication, up to three sprouts per explant developed with the woody plant medium in the presence of a combination of high 6-benzylaminopurine (3.0–4.0 mg∙L−1) and low indole-3-butyric acid (0.01–0.03 mg∙L−1) concentrations. Rooting was obtained in a medium without any growth regulators. Microscopic analysis showed a direct connection between the vascular elements of adventitious roots and stem of plantlet. Chromosome number in root apices of ash plantlets and ash trees grown under natural conditions was 2n = 46. Key words: chromosome number, Fraxinus excelsior L., in vitro plants, micropropagation, stem cuttings.

Manipulation of desiccation-sensitive axes of wampee (Clausena lansium) to facilitate increased dehydration tolerance

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
J.R. Fu ◽  
X.M. Huang ◽  
S.Q. Songa
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Dehydration Tolerance ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractThe plumules of newly-excised wampee embryos, which are more sensitive to dehydration than the roots, became more resistant to water loss when axes were allowed to sprout on woody plant medium [WPM; McCown and Lloyd (1981) Hortscience16, 453] before being dried. Pre-treatment of sprouting axes (seedlings) with sucrose incorporated in the WPM enhanced survival. Although the roots withered following further dehydration of seedlings cultured on WPM containing 60% sucrose, excised plumules were capable of generating adventitious roots when a combination of 10 mM α-napthaleneacetic acid and 10 mM indole-3-butyric acid was used during subsequent in vitro incubation.

scholarly journals How Carbon Source and Seedcoat Influence the In Vitro Culture of Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) Immature Seeds

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Margarita Pérez-Jiménez ◽  
Alfonso Guevara-Gázquez ◽  
Antonio Carrillo-Navarro ◽  
José Cos-Terrer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

The effects of carbon source and concentration and of seedcoat were tested on the in vitro germination of peach seeds derived from crosses performed in the field. Seeds were extracted from the fruit and cultured in Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with sucrose, glucose, or sorbitol at concentrations of 15, 30, and 45 g·L−1. The percentage of germination as well as the root and hypocotyl lengths were measured after the stratification process and before acclimatization. Seedcoat did not have any influence on seed germination in any tested media and genotype. Glucose at a concentration of 15 g·L−1 and sucrose at 15, 30, and 45 g·L−1 resulted in greater stem seedling growth. The root developed the most when seeds were cultured in media with 15 or 30 g·L−1 of sucrose.

Microspore embryogenesis in anther culture of three species of Populus and regeneration of dihaploid plants of Populustrichocarpa

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1821-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snorri Baldursson ◽  
Peter Krogstrup ◽  
Jens Viktor Nørgaard ◽  
Sven Bode Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

Microspore embryogenesis was induced from in vitro cultured anthers of Populusbalsamifera L., Populusmaximowiczii A. Henry, and Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray. Embryoids were formed at low frequencies on a modified Murashige and Skoog's medium, supplemented with 5 μM 6-benzylaminopurine, 5.1 mM L-glutamine, and 6% maltose. Growth regulator combinations (0–10 μM 6-benzylaminopurine and naphthaleneacetic acid) affected embryogenesis only slightly but formation of nonembryogenic callus from the anthers increased with increasing concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid. One donor clone of P. trichocarpa produced 54 embryoids from as many anthers during the two years of study. Adventitious shoots were obtained from 31 of these embryoids on woody plant medium with 2.5 μM 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.005 μM naphthaleneacetic acid. Adventitious shoots from 25 different embryoids were successfully rooted on woody plant medium containing 0.25 μM indole-3-butyric acid and transplanted to soil. Isozyme analysis confirmed microspore origin of all plants studied, and chromosome counts revealed that most of them had doubled their chromosome number spontaneously.

scholarly journals 052 In Vitro Culture Initiation and Proliferation of Exochorda racemosa

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 397C-397
Author(s):  
Guochen Yang ◽  
Marihelen Kamp-Glass
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Culture Initiation ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Ornamental Shrub ◽  
Ornamental Species

Exochorda racemosa is an ornamental shrub with white flowers that is spiraea-like, deciduous, and hardy. The buds resemble pearls. Normally it is propagated by seeds, layers, and cuttings of softwood. However, it is a slow process that takes a few years to produce a reasonable size plant for the demanding market. Our objective was to establish a successful in vitro culture and to rapidly multiply this ornamental species. Softwood explant materials were collected from a local nursery and were disinfested with 15% bleach solution and rinsed three times with sterile distilled and deionized water. In vitro cultures were established and maintained in woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with BA at 0.1 mg·L-1, 3% sucrose, and 0.7% agar with the pH adjusted to 5.8. Then shoots were transferred to the multiplication medium containing BA, CPPU, or thidiazuron (TDZ) at various concentrations. Preliminary results show that explants cultured on medium containing TDZ produced the best shoot proliferation.

scholarly journals In Vitro and Macropropagation of the Wildflower Dyssodia pentacheta (D. C.) Robins

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1555-1557
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Zimmerman ◽  
Fred T. Davies ◽  
Jayne M. Zajicek
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Nodal Explant ◽  
System A ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

Dyssodia pentacheta, a prostrate-growing perennial Texas wildflower with potential for use in low-maintenance landscapes, was propagated in vitro and by stem cuttings under mist. Optimum rooting for IBA-treated semihardwood terminal stem cuttings (3 to 30 mm IBA) and in vitro-grown nodal segments (30 to 100 mm IBA) occurred after 4 weeks under an intermittent mist system. A 300-mm IBA basal dip was lethal to macroand microcuttings. In vitro, D. pentacheta produced more shoots per nodal explant on Woody Plant Medium (2 g Gelrite/liter) with 1 to 10 μ m BA than with combinations of BA and 0.5 μm NAA. After shoot proliferation, the shoots were subculture twice and grown on growth regulator-free medium. When maintaining D. pentacheta in vitro on media devoid of plant growth regulators, 1% sucrose was more effective than 2% for promoting shoot growth and suppressing apparent production of phenolics. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl) -1H-purin-6-amine (BA); 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals In Vitro Colonization of Micropropagated Pieris floribunda by Ericoid Mycorrhizae. I. Establishment of Mycorrhizae on Microshoots

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Starrett ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Steven R. Shafer ◽  
Larry F. Grand
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Hymenoscyphus Ericae ◽  
Ericoid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
In Vitro Establishment ◽  
Shoot Necrosis

Selected isolates of Hymenoscyphus ericae (Read) Korf and Kernan, Oidiodendron griseum Robak, O. maius Barron, and a second O. Robak species were evaluated as inocula for in vitro establishment of micropropagated plantlets of Pieris floribunda (Pursh ex Sims) Benth. and Hook. Severity of shoot necrosis on microshoots differed for each isolate of Oidiodendron. Inoculation of micropropagated plantlets with isolates of H. ericae benefited initial shoot and root development on agar-solidified Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with sucrose and covered by a layer of autoclaved 1 peat: 1 vermiculite (v/v). Inoculation of microshoots with H. ericae or isolates of Oidiodendron did not stimulate production of adventitious roots.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Pacific Dogwood

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1355-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Edson ◽  
David L. Wenny ◽  
Annette Leege-Brusven
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Gluconate ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

Idaho's population of Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii Audubon) has declined. Propagation of disease-resistant clones would be useful to horticulturists and conservation biologists. In vitro-derived microshoots, incubated for 1 month on woody plant medium supplemented with 6.04 mm calcium gluconate and 4.44 μm benzyladenine, produced an average of 3.1 axillary microshoots per explant. Up to 62% of the elongated microshoots had rooted ex vitro 5 weeks following a 4.5%IBA talc dip. Plantlets resumed shoot growth within 2 months of acclimatization, and 70% survived after 1 year. This protocol is more rapid and efficient than propagation by layering or rooting the difficult-to-root stem cuttings of this species. Chemical names used: 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-caproic acid (calcium gluconate), benzyladenine (BA), 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA).

scholarly journals In vitro establishment and proliferation of red currant cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sedlák ◽  
F. Paprštein
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Adventitious Bud Formation ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
In Vitro Establishment ◽  
Red Currant

The goal of this study was to investigate in vitro multiplication protocols for use with red currant cultivars grown in the Czech Republic. Cultivars Detvan, Vitan and Rotte Höllandische were successfully established in vitro using mercuric chloride in a concentration of 0.15% as a sterilization solution. The overall rate of contamination was 25.7%. Two proliferation media Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) and McCown woody plant medium (WPM) containing 1 or 2 mg/l of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were tested. Initial explants produced new plants in the form of rosettes. Rosettes arose from the base of the initial explants in the form of adventitious bud formation. The shoot number was relatively low and varied between 1.0 and 2.1. Generally, the highest number was obtained for cultivar Rotte Holländische that produced 2.1 ± 0.1 new rosettes on MS medium containing lower concentration 1 mg/l BAP. In contrary, Vitan cv. had significantly lower shoot number ranging from 1.0 to 1.3. WPM medium with a lower concentration of mineral salts proved to be unsuitable for the multiplication of tested cultivars.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
Yingmou Yao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Different Origins

A protocol for micropropagation of sea buckthorn was developed starting with shoot tips or meristems from plants up to 18 years old. Among the different media used, the best medium for both initiation and multiplication was the woody plant medium (WPM). 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) was the most suitable growth regulator with an optimal concentration of 0.10-0.25 mg/l for initiation and 0.4-1.0 mg/l for multiplication. On WPM medium with BAP, the average rate of multiplication in Erlenmeyer flasks was 3.3-4.0 shoots per explant per month and in test tubes 2.0-3.0 shoots. Moreover, most explants produced several to tens of adventitious buds which grew into shoots. Explants rooted spontaneously in the multiplication medium at a frequency of about 33%. With this method, explants of different origins have been successfully propagated in vitro; and rooted young plants which had developed root nodules were produced both in the greenhouse and in the field.

scholarly journals IN VITRO FLOWERING OF MINIATURE ROSE CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 694e-694
Author(s):  
Michael Kane ◽  
Nancy L. Philman ◽  
Francis J. Marousky
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Ascorbic Acids ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Stem Segments

Premature deterioration and/or wilting of cut flowers such as roses (“bent neck”) has been attributed to vascular blockage within the cut stem. Vascular blockage has been attributed to both the proliferation of bacteria in the cut flower water and/or to products exuded by the stem. Separation of these causative agents is prevented by the inability to obtain intact microbe-free flowers. With the objective to produce microbe-free flowers, 36 miniature rose cultivars were screened for their capacity to flower in vitro. Stem segments containing single lateral buds were surface sterilized in 1.05% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite and rinsed three times in sterile distilled deionized water. Buds were established on medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog mineral salts, Woody Plant Medium organics, 3.0% (w/v) sucrose, 0.5 mg/liter benzyladenine, 0.1 mg/liter indole-3-acetic acid, and 50 mg/liter each citric and ascorbic acids. Medium was solidified with 1.5 g/liter gelrite and 4 g/liter TC® agar. Of the 36 cultivars screened, eight (22%) grew poorly in vitro. Of the 28 responsive cultivars, 14 (50%) produced flower buds in vitro However, only six cultivars produced open flowers in vitro.

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