Investigations on the nature of a graft-transmissible agent in poinsettia

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dole ◽  
Harold F. Wilkins ◽  
Sharon L. Desborough
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Transmission Electron

The free-branching poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivar Annette Hegg Brilliant Diamond contains a free-branching agent that is graft-transmissible to the restricted-branching cultivar Eckespoint C-1 Red. Transmission electron microscopy failed to reveal evidence of bacteria, fungi, or mycoplasma-like organisms in either 'Brilliant Diamond' or 'C-1 Red' plants. Treatment of both cultivars with tetracycline-hydrochloride produced no differences in branching pattern or leaf morphology in either cultivar, indicating that the agent may not be a mycoplasma-like organism. Scions of a poinsettia mosaic virus indicator species (Euphorbia cyathophora) grafted onto 'Brilliant Diamond' and 'C-1 Red' stocks exhibited the mottling symptoms characteristic of poinsettia mosaic virus, while self-grafted E. cyathophora scions showed no mottling, indicating that poinsettia mosaic virus was not the agent. The agent was not transmitted by pin prick, carborundum, or dodder (Cuscuta sp.), and ribaviran did not eliminate expression of the branching agent from 'Brilliant Diamond' plants. No differences in double-stranded RNA banding patterns were found between extracts of free- and restricted-branching poinsettias by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The double-stranded RNA was attributed to poinsettia mosaic virus and other unknown RNA viruses. Attempts to detect a specific DNA associated with free-branching were inconclusive. Key words: branching agent, Euphorbia pulcherrima, graft transformation, dsRNA, poinsettia mosaic virus.

Intracellular fibres in cultured cells: analysis by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-392
Author(s):  
J.A. Trotter ◽  
B.A. Foerder ◽  
J.M. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ionic Detergent ◽  
Over The Top

The 3-dimensional structure of the fibrous cytoskeleton of 3T3 cells was examined by scanning electron microscopy of cells extracted with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. Detergent-extracted cells consist of the nucleus and an extensive system of fibres, the largest of which correspond to stress fibres visible by phase-contrast microscopy. The system of fibres, which is coterminous with the borders of the native cell, remains firmly adherent to the substratum. The major fibres branch into smaller fibrils which appear to end by ravelling out into fine filaments that constitute a matted network in a plane very close to that of the substratum. In the nuclear region all the major fibres pass over the top of the nucleus, where they may also branch into a system of fine fibrils. Thin-section transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with heavy meromyosin treatment of extracted cells shows the fibres to be composed of native F-actin. Intermediate filaments are also present, and are prominent in the matted network, together with actin filaments. The major proteins of the residue are identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as actin, a 56000 Dalton peptide, and histones. Also present are myosin heavy chain, peptides of 225,000 and 250,000, and minor bands at 60,000 and 94,000 Daltons. The non-ionic detergent extracts 70% of the cellular protein, including 50% of the actin and 75% of the myosin. The Triton-insoluble fraction of 3T3 cells appears to constitute, in addition to the nucleus, a stable cytoskeletal system, composed largely of contractile proteins and 10-nm filaments, which functions in maintenance of cell shape, in substratum adhesion, and in positioning the nucleus within the cell.

Electrophoretic evidence supporting self-incompatibility in Lotus corniculatus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Dobrofsky ◽  
W. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
Self Pollination

Self-incompatibility, a prefertilization event, and self-sterility, a postfertilization event, have both been suggested as causes for differences in seed set between cross- and self-pollinated florets in Lotus corniculatus L. Ovary protein subunits of selfed, crossed, and unpollinated florets of L. corniculatus cv. Mirabel were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Banding patterns differed for all three conditions. Ovary protein differences were found prior to the time fertilization is known to occur, thereby providing evidence that self-incompatibility is at least partially responsible for the reduced seed set after self-pollination.

Electrophoretic and electron microscopic examination of the adductor and diductor muscles of an articulate brachiopod, Terebratalia transversa

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Eshleman ◽  
Jerrel L. Wilkens ◽  
Michael J. Cavey
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Regulation Of Contraction

The proteins of the striated adductor muscles, smooth adductor muscles, and diductor muscles of the articulate brachiopod Terebratalia transversa have been examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoretic patterns indicate the presence of paramyosin in all of these valve muscles. Tentative identification has also been made of the proteins responsible for actin and for myosin regulation of contraction (troponin–tropomyosin and myosin light chains, respectively). The myofilaments of the striated adductor cells, smooth adductor cells, and diductor cells have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The smooth adductor cells and the diductor cells exhibit very thick myofilaments which are fusiform in shape, exceptionally long, and axially banded. Morphological features of these thick myofilaments are consistent with those of paramyosin filaments found in other muscles and myoepithelia. Although the striated adductor cells contain paramyosin, it is not manifest in the thick myofilaments.

Isozymes as markers for identification of tissue culture and greenhouse-grown strawberry cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Nehra ◽  
K. K. Kartha ◽  
C. Stushnoff
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Extraction Buffer ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used for analysis of isozyme banding patterns of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), esterase (EST) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) in strawberry leaves. The extracts prepared from young leaf tissues using polytron homogenization and an extraction buffer containing 15 mg ml−1 dithiothreitol (DTT) and 10% insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-6755) gave best resolution for these enzymes. The influence of plant age and various growing environments on the stability of isozyme phenotypes was examined. The isozyme banding patterns of 6-PGD were found to vary with the change in growing environment as well as age of the plants. EST produced different banding patterns in greenhouse and tissue culture leaves. However, the isozyme phenotypes of LAP, PGM and PGI remained stable under all the conditions tested. Using a combination of these three stable enzymes, it was possible to distinguish eight strawberry cultivars under both tissue culture and greenhouse conditions. Key words: Fragaria × ananassa Duch., meristem culture, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

scholarly journals Organospecific reactions of yellow lupin seedlings to lead

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Gzyl ◽  
Roman Przymusiński ◽  
Adam Woźny
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Slight Amount

Changes caused by lead, supplied in the form of Pb(NO3)2, in roots and hypocotyls of 4 day old yellow lupin (<em>Lupinus luteus</em> L. cv. <em>ventus</em>) seedlings have been analyzed using a transmission electron microscope and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The cells of all examined parts of the roots growing in the presence of Pb<sup>2+</sup> contained many lead deposits (mainly in the cell walls and vacuoles) and the increased amount of polypeptides of molecular weight close to 16 kDa have been observed. Similar changes were detected in the area of hypocotyl adjoining the root. However, in upper regions of the hypocotyl only a slight amount of lead deposits was visible and the 16 kDa polypeptide content was comparable to the control cells. The obtained results indicate a relationship between the presence of lead deposits in cells and accumulation of polypeptides of - 16 kDa. The results seem also to indicate that in the analyzed parts of the seedlings, both the amount of accumulated polypeptides of MW - 16 kDa and the amount of lead decreased from root tip to hypocotyl.

Glycoproteins, enzymatic activities, and b proteins in intercellular fluid extracts from hypersensitive Nicotiana species infected with tobacco mosaic virus

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 928-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Guy Parent ◽  
Richard Hogue ◽  
Alain Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Protein Band ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Intercellular Fluid ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
The One

Intercellular fluid b proteins from hypersensitive Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi-nc and N. sylvestris Speg. and Comes infected with tobacco mosaic virus were compared by two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Except for missing bands b2, b6a, b6b, and b7b, the overall 2-D electrophoretic pattern of N. sylvestris intercellular fluid proteins was similar to the one observed with 'Xanthi-nc' tobacco. Intercellular proteins were also studied by chromatography on con-canavalin A. Glycoproteins corresponding to b6a and b7a proteins of N. tabacum and the [Formula: see text] analog of N. sylvestris were identified. These proteins are probably peroxidase isozymes, as peroxidase activities with the same electrophoretic mobility were detected after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No esterase activity was associated with any b protein band in gels. Esterase activities decreased upon virus infection, but accumulation of b proteins and peroxidase activities increased.

GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE): IV. ELECTROPHORETIC BANDING PATTERNS OF OCTANOL DEHYDROGENASE AND ARGININE PHOSPHOKINASE

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1307-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Gooding ◽  
B.M. Rolseth
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Aldehyde Oxidase ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Octanol Dehydrogenase

AbstractPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the thoraces of adult Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood revealed five octanol dehydrogenase (ODH, E.C. 1.1.1.73) phenotypes (and a sixth was predicted) in males and females, two arginine phosphokinase (APK, E.C. 2.7.3.3) phenotypes in males and three APK phenotypes in females. Each enzyme was postulated to be under the control of a single locus; Odh with three alleles on an autosome and Apk with two alleles on the X-chromosome. Allele frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in our colony, and breeding experiments provided direct evidence for single locus control of each enzyme. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique described permits determination of banding patterns for xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, ODH, and APK from a single individual.

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