La trachéogenèse sépalaire globale du Fittonia verschaffeltii

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 872-878
Author(s):  
Gérard Cusset

Measurements of total lignified length of the sepal veins showed that this value is proportional to the sepal area and can be described by a time-related Gompertz function. Vascular density corresponded to a hyperbolic function of sepal area. In relation with time, this density included three successive stages. A link with the sepal water economy appears highly probable, since the transitions between phases corresponded to the moment of vessel formation and the moment stomata became functional. Key words: lignification, tracheogenesis, sepals, hierarchical levels. [Journal translation]

Author(s):  
Aleksandr F. BRAGAZIN ◽  
Alexey V. USKOV

Consideration has been given to orbit transfers involving spacecraft rendezvous which belong to a class of coplanar non-intersecting near-circular orbits of a spacecraft and a space station. The duration of the transfer is assumed to be limited by one orbit. The feasibility of a rendezvous using an optimal two-burn orbit-to-orbit transfer is studied. To determine a single free parameter of the transfer, i.e. the time of its start, ensuring a rendezvous at a given time or at a given velocity at the end of transfer, appropriate equations have been obtained To implement in the guidance algorithms optimal three-burn correction programs are proposed to achieve a rendezvous at a given time with a specified relative velocity at the moment of spacecraft contact. A range of phase differences at the start of maneuvering is determined, within which the characteristic velocity of the rendezvous is equal to the minimum characteristic velocity of the orbit-to-orbit transfer. The paper presents simulation results for “quick" rendezvous profiles that use the proposed programs. Key words: spacecraft, orbital station, “quick” rendezvous, orbit transfer, rendezvous program.


2020 ◽  
pp. 125-127
Author(s):  
Мээрим Рахматалиева

Аннотация: Коммуникативдик окуу китептери окутуунун алдыңкы принциби катары жарыяланган активдүү коммуникативдүүлүктүн негизинде түзүлөт. Бул принципке ылайык тилге үйрөтүү кептик коммуникациянын жүрүшүнө шайкеш болуусу абзел. Мында окутуунун тажрыйбалык багыты, тилдик материалдын тандалышы жана берилишине карата функционалдык мамиле, окуу материалынын кырдаалдык-тематикалык багыты, окуучулардын жекече-психологиялык өзгөчөлүгү жана алардын өз эне тилинин таасири эске алынат. Коммуникативдик окутуунун маселелерин Е.И. Пассов илимий изилдөөлөрүндө карап чыгып, «коммуникативдик метод» деген терминди сунуштаган. Азыркы учурда коммуникативдик окуу китептери кеп ишмердүүлүгүнүн бардык түрүн окутууда колдонулат. Коммуникативдик окуу китептеринде окутуунун негизги акценти тилдин формалдуу белгилерин терең үйрөтүүдөн чегинип, кептик материал менен аракет жүргүзүүгө басым кылынган. Алар тилдин эрежелерине караганда кептик көнүгүүлөрдүн көп болушу менен, атайын грамматикалык материалдын дээрлик жоктугу менен, ошондой эле текстке жараша көргөзмө куралдын кеңири берилиши менен мүнөздөлөт. Түйүндүү сөздөр: тил, коммуникативдүүлүк, компетенция, окуу китеби, принцип, кеп, коммуникация, өзгөчөлүктөр, окуу куралы, илим, окуу комплекси, кеп ишмердүүлүгү Аннотация: В основе коммуникативных учебников лежит принцип активной коммуникативности, провозглашенный в качестве ведущего принципа обучения. Согласно этому принципу обучение языку строится адекватно процессу речевой коммуникации, отмечается практическая направленность обучения, функциональный подход к отбору и подаче языкового материала, ситуативно-тематическое представление учебного материала, учет индивидуально-психологических особенностей и родного языка учащихся. Проблемы коммуникативного обучения стали объектом научных исследований Е.И. Пассова, который предложил термин «коммуникативный метод». На данный момент коммуникативные учебники используются для обучения всем видам речевой деятельности. В коммуникативных учебниках основной акцент обучения направлен на работу с речевым материалом, в то время как развернутый грамматический материал отсутствует. Такие учебники характеризуются широко используемой наглядностью, иллюстрирующей тексты коммуникативного направления. Ключевые слова: язык, коммуникативность, компетенция, учебник, принцип, речь, коммуникация, особенности, учебниковедение, учебный комплекс, речевая деятельность. Abstract: The basis of communicative textbooks is the principle of active communication, proclaimed as the leading principle of learning. According to this principle, language teaching is built adequately to the process of speech communication, there is a practical orientation of training, a functional approach to the selection and presentation of language material, situational and thematic presentation of educational material, taking into account individual psychological characteristics and the native language of students. The problems of communicative training became the object of scientific research E.I. Passov, who proposed the term "communicative method". At the moment, communicative textbooks are used to teach all types of speech activity. In communicative text-books, the main emphasis of training is aimed at working with speech material, while the expanded grammatical material is almost absent. Such textbooks are characterized by widely used visibility illustrating texts of a communicative direction. Key words: language, communicativeness, competence, textbook, principle, speech, communication, features, textbook studies, educational complex, speech activity.


2009 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Daniela Diano

- This study analyses 37 questionnaires administered to the same number of auxiliaries of the Judge for the preliminary investigations with reference to the probatory incident on alleged minor victims of sexual abuse. The research wants to examine the real care and protection measures of the alleged victims during the period of time that goes from revelation to judicial hearing and to the moment of the same hearing. Besides, it aims to verify to what extent hearing is a hardship for the child and the eventual correlations between that and some variables about the procedures for the collection of witness, the need of protection and the setting features. The results show, even within the judicial course, a low, late or failed activation of the assistance, protection and care already provided by national rules and international conventions.Key words: auxiliary, probatory procedure, protected hearing, interview.Parole chiave: ausiliario, incidente probatorio, audizione protetta, intervista.


Author(s):  
Аndriy Domaranskiy ◽  
Yelyzaveta Мilenina

The article contains a brief history of toponymical research in Ukraine. The reasons of the growing relevance of the question of space-toponymical inventory of forests in general and particularly in Kirovograd region are analysed and systematised in the article. The main toponymical research areas and the bibliography have been considered. The special attention is focused on the features of Kirovohrad region toponymy study. The problems of toponymical and spatial research of Kirovohrad region forests features are analysed. The methodology of carrying out space-toponymical inventory of forests was submitted. The different age’s maps and specialized cartographic works were investigated in details for gathering information discovering quantitative and qualitative changes in the system of drymonyms in research region. A large amount of lost and changed place names of wooded areas was restored. The obtained database of drymonyms has been analysed for detecting changed, varied and dual wood names and also saved authentic toponyms. The research data were presented in the detailed statistics on forests of Kirovohrad region and their names. The main space-toponymical features and trends of forested areas in Kirovohrad region were identified. The schematic map, that contains generalized information about spatial distribution of Kirovohrad region forests, there real outlines (by the moment of creating the map) and there toponyms – authentic and changed with references to information sources, was signed. Key words: space-toponymical features of forests, space-toponymical inventory of forests, toponymy, toponymic, drymonyms, toponyms, forested areas, forests of Kirovohrad region.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Carlos Fernando Álvarez-González

ResumenEl presente artículo de reflexión pretende examinar y desarrollar el concepto de la Angustia –principalmente en Kierkegaard- como principio de posibilidad en la producción de conocimiento. El filósofo a trabajar define la angustia como el temor venido de la nada. La aproximación a dicho concepto se realizó a partir del desarrollo de las categorías de falta, remordimiento, arrepentimiento, libertad y culpa. La investigación facilita comprender el momento de elección del individuo al conocer, lo que puede llevar a cambios estructurales en su representación acerca de cómo se aborda el papel de la misma en la producción del conocimiento desde la culpa. Palabras Claves: Angustia, falta, libertad, culpa, conocimiento. AbstractThe present reflection article tries to examine and develop the concept of the Anguish - mainly in Kierkegaard – as a principle of possibility in the production of knowledge. The philosopher to work defines the anguish as the fear that comes from nothing. The approach to this concept was made from the development of the categories of lack, remorse, repentance, freedom and guilt. Research facilitates to understand the moment of choice of the individual upon knowing, which can lead to structural changes in their representation about how the role of the same in the production of knowledge from guilt is addressed. Research makes it easier to understand the moment of choice of the individual when it is known, which can lead to structural changes in their representation about how the role of the same in the production of knowledge from guilt is addressed. Key words: Anguish, knowledge, guilt,  lack, freedom Resumo Este artigo de reflexãotem por objetivo analisar  e desenvolver o conceito da Aflição -principalmente em Kierkegaard – como princípio de possibilidade na produção de conhecimento. O  filósofo define a aflição como o medo vindo do nada. A abordagem a este conceito foi baseado no desenvolvimento das categorias de fracasso, remorso, arrependimento, liberdade e culpa. A pesquisa facilita a compreensão do momento de escolha do indivíduo ao conhecer, o que pode levar a mudanças estruturais na sua representação sobre cómo abordar o papel da mesma na produção do conhecimento da culpa. Palavras chave:Aflição, fracasso, liberdade, remorso, conhecimento.


Author(s):  
M. Baranovsky

The modern peculiarities of the transformational processes in the development of Ukraine’s agrarian sphere are analyzed, their reasons and consequences are defined; the polarization processes of agricultural production and population on different hierarchical levels, in suburban, semiperipheral, and peripheral country districts, are examined; the approaches to definition and the typical features of the problem rural areas are described; the regularity of increase in rural space polarization in terms of regional development cyclicity and staging is proved. Key words: rural territories, transformational processes, polarization of rural space.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mazurova ◽  
Igor Stoliarov ◽  
Vladimir Gorobets

<p>     At the present time the Russian  state geodetic reference frame of the new generation consists of the three hierarchical levels that include: 1. fundamental astronomical-geodetic reference frame ; 2. high-precision geodetic reference frame; 3. satellite-based geodetic reference frame of the first category.  The spatial coordinates of the networks of these three levels are determined by satellite methods.   However, only the points of the fundamental astronomical-geodetic reference frame are continuously operating reference stations.  Many surveying engineers, geodesists, map-ping specialists, as well as scientists from different backgrounds, are using RINEX files every day freely downloading them from the site //rgs.centre.ru</p><p>    At the same time, private networks of Continuously operating reference stations are developing rapidly in Russia. These networks are owned by various corporations, both private and public, as well as stations owned by private individuals.  Now,  a center is being created, the main task of which is to unite all Continuously operating reference stations located on the territory of Russia into a unified network.</p><p>    This paper addresses the current state of the Continuously operating reference stations network  in Russia and plans for enhancing it within the next few years.</p><p>Key words: Russian continuously operating reference stations network</p>


STUDIUM ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 13-42
Author(s):  
Daniel Añua Tejedor

Abstract Between the 12th and 15th centuries there was a theological evolution of great transcendence that shook the spiritual life of the believers. The fragmentary subdivision of the geography of the beyond conditioned directly the liturgy and the rites of the faithful in their attempt to achieve salvation after death. One of the changes affected the moment in which the judgment —which would lead to the condemnation or salvation of the Christian— would take place, specifically the proximity or distance in the time of the celebration of the same. Throughout these centuries, medieval Hispanic literature has been reflecting not only this evolution but also the search for greater effectiveness in controlling the lives of believers by ecclesiastical elites. Key words: medieval literature Final Judgment; individual judgment; Purgatory; pre mortem; post mortem   Resumen Entre los siglos xii y xv se produjo una evolución teológica de gran transcendencia que conmovió la vida espiritual de los creyentes. La subdivisión parcelaria de la geografía del más allá condicionó directamente la liturgia y los ritos de los fieles en su intento por lograr la salvación después de la muerte. Una de las modificaciones afectó al instante en el que el juicio —que conduciría a la condenación o salvación del cristiano— tendría lugar, concretamente a la proximidad o lejanía en el tiempo de la celebración del mismo. A lo largo de estos siglos, la literatura hispánica medieval ha ido reflejando no sólo esta evolución sino también la búsqueda de una mayor eficacia en el control de la vida de los creyentes por parte de las elites eclesiásticas. Palabras clave: literatura medieval, Juicio Final, juicio individual, purgatorio, pre mortem; post mortem.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Leticia Cuevas Guajardo ◽  
Dulce María Guillén Cadena ◽  
Dinora Valadez Díaz ◽  
Javier Alonso Trujillo

<div>RESUMEN</div><div>En este mundo moderno en el que vivimos actualmente se ha hablado mucho de que la sociedad pasa por una &ldquo;crisis de valores&rdquo;; por suerte la profesi&oacute;n de enfermer&iacute;a ha conservado sus principios filos&oacute;ficos fundamentados en el humanismo, aunque al correr de los a&ntilde;os estos hayan cambiado; aun as&iacute;, para el gremio de enfermer&iacute;a, siempre ha resultado importante conservar y apegarse a un &ldquo;C&oacute;digo de Valores&rdquo; que norma la profesi&oacute;n. El objetivo de esta investigaci&oacute;n fue el de distinguir en los Planes de Estudio de diferentes universidades de M&eacute;xico que imparten la Licenciatura en Enfermer&iacute;a la importancia que le brindan a formar en valores a sus estudiantes por medio de asignaturas en &Eacute;tica, Axiolog&iacute;a, Deontolog&iacute;a o Humanismo o bien, que lo planteen en su descripci&oacute;n aunque no le den el nombre propiamente de &Eacute;tica u otro con igual significado.</div><div>El 96.5% de los Planes de Estudio revisados citaron aspectos &eacute;ticos y de valores en la formaci&oacute;n que ofrecen a las y los estudiantes. Por lo que la misi&oacute;n de los Planes de Estudio revisados en cuestiones &eacute;ticas se cumple.</div><div><br /></div><div>PALABRAS CLAVE</div><div>&Eacute;tica, valores, misi&oacute;n de planes de estudio.</div><div><br /></div><div>SUMMARY</div><div>In this modern world in that we lived at the moment it has spoken much of which the society happens through a &ldquo;crisis of values&rdquo;; luckily the infirmary profession has conserved its philosophical principles based on the humanism, although when running of the years these have changed; even so, for the infirmary union, always it has been important to conserve and to become attached themselves to a &ldquo;Code of Values&rdquo; that norm the profession. The objective of this investigation was the one to distinguish in the Curricula of different universities from Mexico that distribute the Degree in Infirmary the importance that offers him to form in values to their students by means of subjets in Ethics, Axiollogy, Deontology or Humanism or, that raises it in their description although they properly do not give the name him of Ethics or another one with equal meaning.</div><div>In this Evaluativa Investigation the 96,5% of the reviewed Curricula mentioned ethical aspects and of values in the formation that offer to and the students. Reason why the mission shaped in the reviewed Curricula in ethical questions is fulfilled.</div><div><br /></div><div>KEY WORDS</div><div>Ethics, Values, Mission, Curricula.</div>


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