Floral-specific polypeptides in Silene coeli-rosa

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2326-2333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Rembur ◽  
Arlette Nougarède ◽  
Pierre Rondet ◽  
Dennis Francis
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Early Differentiation ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Inductive Treatment ◽  
Floral Whorl ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In Silene coeli-rosa (L.) Godron given a 7-long-day inductive treatment, scanning electron microscopy and two-dimensional minigel electrophoreses of total proteins were used to characterize the polypeptide pattern of each type of floral organ through early differentiation and to research the changes that occurred in the reproductive apex that initiated each new floral whorl. During early differentiation of each whorl, some polypeptides no longer expressed in the subsequent whorls were distinguished as unique to sepals (24), petals (7), and stamens (4). Newly expressed polypeptides were also observed that occasionally persisted in the subsequent whorl. However, qualitative changes were only between 1.2 and 3.8% of all the detected spots, and common spots remained the most numerous, even if a modulation of their expression in the various types of floral organs was observed. Comparison between leaves and differentiating floral organs showed that sepals shared 57% of their polypeptide spots with leaves, whereas petals, stamens, or carpels shared only 14.6, 10.5, and 7.7%, respectively. In the reproductive apex, polypeptides newly detected or unique to a particular whorl were expressed at the time of initiation of this whorl. However, some of these spots were also detected before, in the apex that initiated the preceding whorl, or they persisted later, in the apex that initiated the following whorl. Key words: floral organs, polypeptides, reproductive apex, Silene coeli-rosa.

scholarly journals Pitfall Flower Development and Organ Identity of Ceropegia sandersonii (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1767
Author(s):  
Annemarie Heiduk ◽  
Dewi Pramanik ◽  
Marlies Spaans ◽  
Loes Gast ◽  
Nemi Dorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Floral Anatomy ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Abcde Model ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Mads Box Gene ◽  
Flower Evolution ◽  
Developmental Phases

Deceptive Ceropegia pitfall flowers are an outstanding example of synorganized morphological complexity. Floral organs functionally synergise to trap fly-pollinators inside the fused corolla. Successful pollination requires precise positioning of flies headfirst into cavities at the gynostegium. These cavities are formed by the corona, a specialized organ of corolline and/or staminal origin. The interplay of floral organs to achieve pollination is well studied but their evolutionary origin is still unclear. We aimed to obtain more insight in the homology of the corona and therefore investigated floral anatomy, ontogeny, vascularization, and differential MADS-box gene expression in Ceropegia sandersonii using X-ray microtomography, Light and Scanning Electronic Microscopy, and RT-PCR. During 10 defined developmental phases, the corona appears in phase 7 at the base of the stamens and was not found to be vascularized. A floral reference transcriptome was generated and 14 MADS-box gene homologs, representing all major MADS-box gene classes, were identified. B- and C-class gene expression was found in mature coronas. Our results indicate staminal origin of the corona, and we propose a first ABCDE-model for floral organ identity in Ceropegia to lay the foundation for a better understanding of the molecular background of pitfall flower evolution in Apocynaceae.

scholarly journals Variations and abnormalities of stamen morphologies in cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mert ◽  
A. Soylu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Filament Length ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Scanning Electron

: Stamen morphologies of six cornelian cherry cultivars (Degirmendere, Erkenci Degirmendere, İri Bardak, Yuvarlak Bardak, Uzun Memeli, and Bugur) (<I>Cornus mas</I> L.) were evaluated using scanning electron, light and stereo microscopes. Flowers of cornelian cherry cultivars generally had four stamens, but a few of them had three or five stamens. Abnormal and normal stamens were found together in the cultivars examined. Percentages of abnormal stamens among the cultivars ranged from 12% to 22%. Various types of stamen abnormalities were identified in the cultivars such as variations in filament length, abnormalities in anther structure, fusion of stamen to other floral organs. Pollen grain numbers per anther varied between 1,380 and 4,240 among the cultivars. Abnormal anther surface morphology in the cultivars consisted of uneven and swollen epidermal cells. Anther dimensions varied between 624.00 and 1,001.25 &mu;m in length and 460.50 and 745.50 &mu;m in width. Anthers of all the cultivars had subprolate and prolate type of shapes.

scholarly journals RcAP1, a Homolog of APETALA1, is Associated with Flower Bud Differentiation and Floral Organ Morphogenesis in Rosa chinensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Han ◽  
Aoying Tang ◽  
Jiayao Yu ◽  
Tangren Cheng ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Organ ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Rosa Chinensis ◽  
Organ Morphogenesis ◽  
Floral Primordia ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Rosa chinensis is one of the most popular flower plants worldwide. The recurrent flowering trait greatly enhances the ornamental value of roses, and is the result of the constant formation of new flower buds. Flower bud differentiation has always been a major topic of interest among researchers. The APETALA1 (AP1) MADS-box (Mcm1, Agamous, Deficiens and SRF) transcription factor-encoding gene is important for the formation of the floral meristem and floral organs. However, research on the rose AP1 gene has been limited. Thus, we isolated AP1 from Rosa chinensis ‘Old Blush’. An expression analysis revealed that RcAP1 was not expressed before the floral primordia formation stage in flower buds. The overexpression of RcAP1 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in an early-flowering phenotype. Additionally, the virus-induced down-regulation of RcAP1 expression delayed flowering in ‘Old Blush’. Moreover, RcAP1 was specifically expressed in the sepals of floral organs, while its expression was down-regulated in abnormal sepals and leaf-like organs. These observations suggest that RcAP1 may contribute to rose bud differentiation as well as floral organ morphogenesis, especially the sepals. These results may help for further characterization of the regulatory mechanisms of the recurrent flowering trait in rose.

Crystallization Time Dependence of Nanohybrid Shish-Kebab Structure in HDPE/PA66 Nanofibers Composites via Solution Crystallization

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 3786-3790
Author(s):  
Wen Juan Han ◽  
Guo Qiang Zheng ◽  
Yan Yan Liang ◽  
Chun Tai Liu ◽  
Chang Yu Shen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Solution Crystallization ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, PA66 nanofibers were successfully solution electrospun. The crystalline morphological features of HDPE solution induced by nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) can be formed in HDPE solution via isothermal crystallization, in which PA66 nanofibers serve as shish and HDPE lamellae act as kebabs surrounding the nanofibers periodically. Additionally, crystallization time has significant effect on the structure of HDPE kebab in NHSK, i.e., as crystallization time increases, the size of the kebab increases and the crystals decorated on PA66 nanofibers exhibit a three-dimensional growth (i.e., aggregate of crystallites) rather than a two-dimensional one (i.e., disc-like lamellae normal to the axis of nanofiber).

scholarly journals “Complexity–entropy” diagrams and their application to the study of coal tectonic disturbance

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 01016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Malinnikova ◽  
Dmitry Uchaev ◽  
Denis Uchaev ◽  
Vasiliy Malinnikov ◽  
Catherine Ulyanova
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Complexity Measure ◽  
Entropy Measure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Outburst Hazard ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is investigated the possibility of using so–called "complexity–entropy" diagrams for the quantitative description of the degree of coal disturbance using coal images obtained by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM). These diagrams plot structural complexity measure (vertical axis) versus entropy measure (horizontal axis) for distribution of probability given in some way on the image. In this paper, the values of both measures were calculated on the basis of the shearlet transform, and the Jensen divergence was used as the basic divergence for calculating the complexity measure. All calculations were performed for more than 140 images of coal specimens with various degrees of disturbance, obtained from the quiet zone of the seam and the outburst zone. As a result of research, it was found that two-dimensional distributions for measures of complexity and entropy in most cases are informative data sets for differentiating coals by degree of complexity. Moreover, such characteristics of these distributions as mathematical expectation and, to a less degree, mode can be used as simple quantitative descriptors of coals with various degrees of disturbance. These characteristics can be used to show the closeness of the spatial structure for the analyzed coal specimens to strictly periodic or absolutely chaotic ones. On the basis of the obtained results, conclusions about the possibility to separate coals according to the degree of their outburst hazard were done.

scholarly journals Inflorescence Initiation in Lolium Temulentum l. II. Evidence for Inhibitory and Promotive Photoperiodic Processes Involving Transmissible Products

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Evans
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Lolium Temulentum ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Inductive Treatment ◽  
Short Days

Plants of Lolium temulentum, raised in short days, were given an inductive treatment by exposure of one leaf blade to a 32-hr period of continuous illumination. Then either the leaf exposed to this one long light period or varying areas of lower leaves which were simultaneously in short-day conditions were removed at intervals after the long-day exposure. The longer the long-day leaves remained on the plants, the greater was the proportion of plants which initiated inflorescences and the greater the rate of development of their inflorescences. This was so even when short-day leaves were present above the long-day ones. The longer the short-day leaves remained, and the greater their area, the lower was the proportion of plants which initiated inflorescences.

Synthesis acid phosphatase and other proteins by human prostatic tissue in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Dubé ◽  
P. Chapdelaine ◽  
R. R. Tremblay ◽  
M. Thabet ◽  
R. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Prostatic Tissue ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Coomassie Blue ◽  
Synthesis And Processing

We have studied the synthesis of proteins by normal and hyperplastic human prostatic tissue incubated in vitro in the presence of [35S]methionine. The overall pattern of newly synthesized proteins was similar in individuals with an age ranging from 15 to 68 years. The pattern of labeled proteins was quite different from that of total proteins stained with Coomassie blue in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels, since the major stained proteins were not labeled. Among the most heavily labeled proteins (about a dozen) were several spots representing charge isoforms with molecular weights ranging from 46 000 to 51 000, and these were the only proteins immunoprecipitated by a polyclonal antibody developed against purified acid phosphatase. The other heavily labeled proteins had molecular weights ranging from 26 000 to 72 000. These results show that tissue slices can be used to study the synthesis and processing of acid phosphatase, the major secretory product of the prostate, and of other unidentified proteins.

Synthesis of ZnO Polycrystalline Flakes Using Sol-Gel Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Yung Kuan Tseng ◽  
Ming Hung Chuang ◽  
Yen Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Zno Nanostructures ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Polycrystalline Zinc ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study proposes a novel sol-gel method of fabricating the two-dimensional flakes polycrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO). Apply zinc acetate dehydrate in glycerol and hydrolyzed to get the precursor zinc alkoxide particles at 160°C, and self-assemble into flakes ZnO nanostructures, and then got higer crystallinity polycrystalline ZnO after calcination for one hour at 500°C. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the flakes. Its size got to a few μm2. Analyze the crystal structure and crystallinity by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). After calcination for one hour at 500°C, we can determine it is the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. And TGA/DSC to observe the loss and phase change of the solution. The Study has successfully synthesized ZnO polycrystalline flakes by sol-gel method.

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