Use of natural and artificial seawater for investigation of growth, fruit body production, and enzyme activities in marine fungi

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2106-2110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rohrmann ◽  
R. Lorenz ◽  
H. P. Molitoris
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Artificial Seawater ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Body Production ◽  
Seawater Medium

Investigation of marine fungi suffers from an often inadequate comparability of methods and results, e.g., the use of natural as opposed to artificial seawater. Consequently, several marine fungi of different systematic positions were tested for growth, enzyme activity, and fructification on solid media with natural and artificial seawater. Growth as colony diameter and production of enzymes by the basidiomycete Halocyphina villosa and the ascomycete Lulworthia sp. were compared on both media. In all cases the results showed either no difference or only minor quantitative differences. Investigation of further species (two ascomycetes, one basidiomycetous yeast, two deuteromycetes) and other enzymes also showed no differences between the two media with the exception of three cases. Fructification in Halocyphina villosa occurred on both types of seawater. Addition of boric acid in natural concentrations to the artificial seawater medium had no effect on the growth of nine marine fungi. Artificial seawater medium gives comparable results to natural seawater in experiments with marine fungi, results in better comparability and reproducibility of experiments, and is often cheaper and easier to obtain. Key words: natural seawater, artificial seawater, marine fungi, growth, enzymes, fruit bodies.

scholarly journals Rat uterine microbiochemistry: metabolic enzyme activities stimulated by 17-beta-estradiol are localized in epithelial cells.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Holt ◽  
E Rhe
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Estradiol Treatment

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27), citrate synthase (CS; EC 4.1.3.7), and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (beta-OH-acyl-CoA-DH; EC 1.1.1.35) activities were determined in each of the three major cell types of rat uterus, i.e., epithelial, stromal, and smooth muscle, using quantitative microanalytical techniques. Adult ovariectomized rats were treated with 17-beta-estradiol to determine the time course and dose response (0.025-50 micrograms/300-g rat) effect of estrogen on enzyme activity of each type of uterine cell. The use of "oil well" and enzyme-cycling microtechniques to determine the time course and the dose responses of enzyme activity changes required microassays involving 1595 microdissected single cell specimens. Estradiol treatment increased epithelial LDH, CS and beta-OH-acyl-CoA-DH activity but had no effect on these enzymes in the stroma or in smooth muscle cells. The estradiol-stimulated peak enzyme activities on Day 4 in the intervention group are compared with those in the ovariectomized rat controls as follows: LDH, 44.5 +/- 3.5 vs 22.3 +/- 3.9; CS, 3.5 +/- 0.2 vs 1.5 +/- 0.6; beta-OH-acyl-CoA-H, 3.5 +/- 0.32 vs 2.2 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- standard deviation; mol/kg/hr). Stromal cell activities (LDH, 7.4 +/- 1.0; CS, 1.2 +/- 0.2; beta-OH-acyl-CoA-DH, 0.9 +/- 0.1) were significantly lower than epithelial cell levels and were similar to smooth muscle levels. Therefore, even in the ovariectomized animal epithelial cells have markedly higher metabolic activity compared with adjacent cells. The enzyme activities are expressed as moles of substrate reacting per kilogram of dry weight per hour. All three enzymes exhibited a 17-beta-estradiol-induced dose response between 0.025-0.15 micrograms/300-g rat. The three enzymes studied all had similar response patterns to estrogen. The effect of estradiol was restricted to epithelial cells, with enzyme activities increasing to maximal levels after approximately 96 hr of hormone treatment. This study therefore not only confirms the specific and differential metabolic responses of uterine cells to estradiol treatment, but clearly demonstrates that marked metabolic differences exist between epithelial cells and stromal or smooth muscle uterine cells.

Change Analysis of Enzyme Activity under Different Conditions of Film Remnant in Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Xiao Guang Zhao ◽  
Yuan Yuan Guan ◽  
Wen Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, simulated experiments were performed in pots by using soil materials in different conditions of film remnant. Based on the research on soil microorganism quantity trends of soil enzyme activities were analyzed systematically: soil without film remnant, soil with film remnant for 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. By analyzing crop progress, the relationship with soil material was studied, in order to provide scientific basis for the variation laws between different conditions of film remnant and the activity of soil enzyme.

scholarly journals Interaction of soluble glucosyl- and mannosyl-transferase enzyme activities in the synthesis of a glucomannan

1972 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Heller ◽  
C. L. Villemez
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acceptor Molecule ◽  
Soluble Enzyme ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Polymeric Product ◽  
Sugar Nucleotide ◽  
Solubilized Enzyme

A neutral-detergent-solubilized-enzyme preparation derived from Phaseolus aureus hypocotyls contains two types of glycosyltransferase activity. One, mannosyltransferase enzyme activity, utilizes GDP-α-d-mannose as the sugar nucleotide substrate. The other, glucosyltransferase enzyme activity, utilizes GDP-α-d-glucose as the sugar nucleotide substrate. The soluble enzyme preparation catalyses the formation of what appears to be a homopolysaccharide when either sugar nucleotide is the only substrate present. A β-(1→4)-linked mannan is the only polymeric product when only GDP-α-d-mannose is added. A β-(1→4)-linked glucan is the only polymeric product when only GDP-α-d-glucose is added. In the presence of both sugar nucleotides, however, a β-(1→4)-linked glucomannan is formed. There are indications that endogenous sugar donors may be present in the enzyme preparation. There appear to be only two glycosyltransferases in the enzyme preparation, each catalysing the transfer of a different sugar to the same type of acceptor molecule. The glucosyltransferase requires the continual production of mannose-containing acceptor molecules for maintenance of enzyme activity, and is thereby dependent upon the activity of the mannosyltransferase. The mannosyltransferase, on the other hand, does not require the continual production of glucose-containing acceptors for maintenance of enzyme activity, but is severely inhibited by GDP-α-P-glucose. These properties promote the synthesis of β-(1→4)-linked glucomannan rather than β-(1→4)-linked glucan plus β-(1→4)-linked mannan when both sugar nucleotide substrates are present.

scholarly journals Research Progress of Sirtuin4 in Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibing Bai ◽  
Jiani Yang ◽  
Ying Cui ◽  
Yuanfei Yao ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Dependent Protein

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are members of the silent information regulator-2 family. They are a conserved family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein lysine deacylases. SIRTS are involved in intricate cellular processes. There are seven subtypes of SIRTs (1–7) in mammals. SIRT4 is located mainly in mitochondria and has various catalytic activities. These enzyme activities give it a diverse range of important biologic functions, such as energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and aging. Cancer is characterized as reprogramming of energy metabolism and redox imbalance, and SIRT4 can affect tumorigenesis. Here, we review the structure, localization, and enzyme activity of SIRT4 and its role in various neoplasms.

scholarly journals Proteolytische Aktivitäten der lysosomalen Enzyme bei Milchrindern* – 3. Mitteilung: Beziehungen der Energie- und Eiweißversorgung zur lysosomalen Enzymaktivität im Blutplasma beim Milchrind

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
L. Panicke ◽  
J. Weingärtner ◽  
M. Schmidt ◽  
T. Król
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. Title of the paper: Relationship between lysosomal blood activity and milk content» of urea and protein in different phases of milk production in dairy cows Relationship of lysosomal enzyme activities in blood and supply of energy and protein in dairy cattle were investigated. Closed correlation coefficients were calculated for lysosomal enzyme activity and content of protein and urea in milk. Especially a high or a low content of protein in the food ration affects the lysosomal enzyme activities considerably. A different lysosomal response to equal food supply was gained after deviding the cow stock into different groups regarding performance at a different lactation status. Growth, breed, age, capacity of food intake and milk performance might be influencing factors.

scholarly journals Extracellular Enzyme Activity and Microbial Diversity Measured on Seafloor Exposed Basalts from Loihi Seamount Indicate the Importance of Basalts to Global Biogeochemical Cycling

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
pp. 4854-4864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrna E. Jacobson Meyers ◽  
Jason B. Sylvan ◽  
Katrina J. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Basaltic Rock ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shelf Sediments ◽  
Potential Enzyme Activity

ABSTRACTSeafloor basalts are widely distributed and host diverse prokaryotic communities, but no data exist concerning the metabolic rates of the resident microbial communities. We present here potential extracellular enzyme activities of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) measured on basalt samples from different locations on Loihi Seamount, HI, coupled with analysis of prokaryotic biomass and pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The community maximum potential enzyme activity (Vmax) of LAP ranged from 0.47 to 0.90 nmol (g rock)−1h−1; theVmaxfor AP was 28 to 60 nmol (g rock)−1h−1. TheKmof LAP ranged from 26 to 33 μM, while theKmfor AP was 2 to 7 μM. Bacterial communities on Loihi basalts were comprised primarily ofAlpha-,Delta-, andGammaproteobacteria,Bacteroidetes, andPlanctomycetes. The putative ability to produce LAP is evenly distributed across the most commonly detected bacterial orders, but the ability to produce AP is likely dominated by bacteria in the ordersXanthomonadales,Flavobacteriales, andPlanctomycetales. The enzyme activities on Loihi basalts were compared to those of other marine environments that have been studied and were found to be similar in magnitude to those from continental shelf sediments and orders of magnitude higher than any measured in the water column, demonstrating that the potential for exposed basalts to transform organic matter is substantial. We propose that microbial communities on basaltic rock play a significant, quantifiable role in benthic biogeochemical processes.

CYCLISCHE SCHWANKUNGEN DER AKTIVITÄTEN VON HYDROXYSTEROID-DEHYDROGENASEN IM CORPUS LUTEUM DES RINDES

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-384
Author(s):  
H. Brandau ◽  
L. Brandau ◽  
G. Mutzke
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Optical Method ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Bovine Corpus Luteum ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT In the bovine corpora lutea periodical activities of the Δ53β-, 3β-, 17β-and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (OHSDH) as well as activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate- and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were measured quantitatively and the alterations throughout the different stages of the cycle were studied. After homogenization of the tissue and fractionate centrifugation the enzyme activities were determined by a standardized optical method. The activities of the Δ53β-, and 3β- and 17β-OHSDH increase slowly during the first 7 days of the cycle, the maximum is reached abruptly on the 12th to 13th day of the cycle. After a striking reduction the activities decline continually to the 19th to 21st day reaching the values detected at the beginning of the cycle. The 20β-OHSDH increases slowly to the maximum on the 15th day of the cycle. Activities of the 3α-OHSDH were obtained only inconsistently. The behaviour of the activities of G6PDH was nearly identical with that of the 3β-OHSDH, while the GAPDH shows only little fluctuations of its activities. The obtained enzyme activity patterns of the maturating and high functional corpus luteum correspond to the well-known data of the biosynthetic function of the bovine corpus luteum. The changes of the amounts of progesterone and 20β-progesterol agree with the course of the activities of the 3β- resp. 20β-OHSDH.

IMMOBILIZATION OF AMYLASE PRODUCING BACTERIA (BACILLUS SUBTILIS) FROM SOIL OF WESTERN HIMALAYAN REGION SOLAN, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
ARUN KUMAR ◽  
POONAM KUMARI ◽  
KASAHUN GUDETA ◽  
JM JULKA
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Enzyme Assay ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Western Himalayan Region

Objective: The paper aimed to immobilize amylase producing bacterial strain on a suitable matrix and characterization of its physicochemical properties so that much amount of amylase could be produced to be applied in different industries. Methods: Bacterial colonies were sub-cultured from samples collected from soil in freshly prepared dishes containing starch agar by dot method using sterile inoculating needles from which five different bacteria belonged to genus Bacillus were isolated and assigned as A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5. Results: It was found that A1 displayed the highest enzyme activity of 17.89 IU/ml with enzyme assay of 0.83 mg/ml and the bacterium was identified to be Bacillus subtilis. A5 displayed 10.13 IU/ml with protein contents of 0.11 mg/ml indicated that A1 possess the highest enzyme activities which were categorized under Bacillus and protein contents and A5 showed less amount of enzyme activities and protein contents as compared to other. Conclusion: The bacteria which were produced much amount of enzyme activities identified as Bacillus subtilis and recommended and have been recommended to be cultured for the production of amylase enzyme.

Abstract WP153: Post-Stroke Physical Exercise Improves Cognition in Middle-Aged Female Rats

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharnikha Saravanan ◽  
Weizhao Zhao ◽  
Kunjan R Dave ◽  
Miguel A Perez-Pinzon ◽  
Ami P Raval
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzyme ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Activity Measurements

Background: A woman’s risk of a stroke increases exponentially following the onset of menopause, andpost-stroke cognitive decline is a significant consequence of stroke survivors. Our earlier study demonstrated that physical exercise (PE) reduced post-stroke brain injury and improved cognitive functions in male rats. The focus of our study is on the improvement of post-stroke cognitive function in female rats. Methods: Reproductively senescent Sprague-Dawley female rats were exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO; 90 min) and randomly assigned to either PE or sham-PE groups. After 3-5 days, rats underwent sham-PE (0m/min speed) or PE (15m/min speed) for 30 mins either every day (continuous) or alternate day for five times on treadmill. The rats that underwent the alternate day paradigm were treated with ER-β agonist (DPN; 1mg/kg) or vehicle-DMSO immediately following PE/sham-PE sessions to determine the synergistic effect. Twenty-one days after the last PE/sham-PE, rats were tested for hippocampal-dependent contextual fear conditioning and freeze time was measured. Rat brains were processed for histology and infarct area was measured with MCID software. From a separate cohort of rat subjected to PE or sham-PE, brain tissue was harvested for various biochemical assays and mitochondrial enzyme activity measurements. Results: Post-tMCAO continuous PE did not reduce ischemic damage. However, alternate PE regimen with or without ER-β agonist reduced infract volume by 20% (p < 0.05) and 23% (p < 0.05), respectively as compared to no-PE. Similarly, alternate PE showed increased freezing on the second day of fear conditioning by 15% (p < 0.05), indicating improved spatial memory. Individual mitochondrial complex I, II, III and IV enzyme activity measurements demonstrated significant improvement in complex III-IV enzyme activities in the alternate PE treated group as compared to sham-PE. Conclusion: An alternate day PE paradigm and ER-β activation improves post-stroke mitochondrial enzyme activities and cognition in reproductively senescent female rats. Future studies delineating underlying mechanism could help identify therapies to prevent/reduce cognitive decline in menopausal female stroke patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document